THE STUDY APPLIED ON BA IN PATIENTS WITH EPILEPSY

目的：探讨脑电地形图在癫癎病人中的应用价值。方法：脑电地形图在132例原发性癫癎和18例继发性癫癎病人中被检查了。结果：在这些病人中脑电地形图的改变是明显的。结论：脑电地形图在癫癎诊断和鉴别诊断中有重要的应用价值。     

痘病毒载体艾滋病疫苗研究进展

艾滋病是一种传染性强、传播速度快、传播范围广、病死率高的传染病.抗逆转录病毒药物可以抑制感染者体内病毒的复制,但不能将其完全清除.研究显示,以痘病毒为载体,经过局部基因修饰后研制的预防性艾滋病疫苗具有较好安全性和一定免疫原性.此文对痘病毒载体艾滋病疫苗的研究进展进行综述.     

Acute drug toxicity related to drinking herbal tea in a kidney transplant recipient

Calcineurin and mTOR inhibitors are commonly used immunosuppressive agents with narrow therapeutic range. As the drugs are mainly metabolized by the P450 cytochrome system, the interaction between food and herbs are also commonly seen and affect the drug levels. We present a case of a kidney transplant recipient with toxic therapeutic levels of cyclosporine A and sirolimus due to interaction between the immunosuppressive agents and Chinese herbal tea. Ingredients within the herbal tea were reported to have inhibitory effect on cytochrome CYP3A4 in-vitro studies. Transplant recipients should be alert that there may be potent interaction between the immunosuppressive drugs and herbs resulting in adverse effect on allograft function.     

Melatonin overcomes apoptosis resistance in human hepatocellular carcinoma by targeting Survivin and XIAP

Apoptosis resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most significant factors for hepatocarcinogenesis and tumor progression, and leads to resistance to conventional chemotherapy. It is well known that inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) play key roles in apoptosis resistance, it has become an important target for antitumor therapy. In this study, we examined if melatonin, the main secretory product of the pineal gland, targeted IAPs, leading to the inhibition of apoptosis resistance. To accomplish this, we first observed that four members of IAPs (cIAP‐1, cIAP‐2, Survivin, and XIAP) were overexpressed in human HCC tissue. Interestingly, melatonin significantly inhibited the growth of HepG2 and SMMC‐7721 cells and promoted apoptosis along with the downregulation of Survivin and XIAP, but had no effect on the expression of cIAP‐1 and cIAP‐2. These data suggest that the inhibition of Survivin and XIAP by melatonin may play an important part in reversing apoptosis resistance. Notably, cIAP‐1, Survivin and XIAP were significantly associated with the coexpression of COX‐2 in human HCC specimens. Melatonin also reduced the expression of COX‐2 and inhibited AKT activation in HepG2 and SMMC‐7721 cells. Inhibition of COX‐2 activity with the selective inhibitor, NS398, and inhibition of AKT activation using the PI3K inhibitor, LY294002, in tumor cells confirmed that melatonin‐induced apoptosis was COX‐2/PI3K/AKT‐dependent, suggesting that the COX‐2/PI3K/AKT pathway plays a role in melatonin inhibition of IAPs. Taken together, these results suggest that melatonin overcomes apoptosis resistance by the suppressing Survivin and XIAP via the COX‐2/PI3K/AKT pathway in HCC cells.     

A Convenient Method for Measuring Blood Ascorbate Concentrations in Patients Receiving High-Dose Intravenous Ascorbate

Objective: A simple method of using fingerstick blood glucose (FSBG) monitors to estimate blood ascorbate values after high-dose intravenous (IV) ascorbate infusion is evaluated as a substitution for high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) measurement.

Methods: In 33 participants, readings from FSBG monitors were taken before and after IV ascorbate infusions at various time points, with the postinfusion FSBG readings subtracted from the baseline glucose readings. The results of the subtractions (AA_FSBG) were correlated with ascorbate concentrations detected by HPLC (AA_HPLC).

Results: A linear regression was found between ascorbate concentrations detected by the fingerstick method (AA_FSBG) and by HPLC (AA_HPLC). The linear correlations were identical in healthy subjects, diabetic subjects, and cancer patients. Analysis of variance obtained an AA_FSBG/AA_HPLC ratio of 0.90, with a 90% confidence interval of (0.69, 1.20). The corrections of AA_FSBG improved similarity to AA_HPLC but did not significantly differ from the uncorrected values.

Conclusion: The FSBG method can be used as an approximate estimation of high blood ascorbate concentration after IV ascorbate (>50 mg/dL, or 2.8 mM) without correction. However, this measurement is not accurate in detecting lower or baseline blood ascorbate. It is also important to highlight that in regard to glucose monitoring, FSBG readings will be erroneously elevated following IV ascorbate use and insulin should not be administered to patients based on these readings.     

Is Isolated Systolic Hypertension Worse Than Combined Systolic/Diastolic Hypertension?

J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2012;14:808–809. ©2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. New developments in cardiovascular translational sciences have significantly advanced our understanding of the endovascular biology of blood pressure. Reductions in vascular elasticity and vessel compliance of conduit arteries are key components of both ISH and SDH. Vascular changes from the matrix metalloproteinase family of enzymes are involved in arterial wall remodeling and vascular stiffness. This new translational information helps further our understanding of both ISH and SDH.     

The Anti-inflammatory Effect of Z-Ligustilide in Experimental Ovariectomized Osteopenic Rats

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of Z-Ligustilide (LIG) in experimental ovariectomized (OVX) osteopenic rats. The anti-inflammatory potential of LIG in the regulation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-??B), maleic dialdehyde (MDA), polymorphonuclear cells (PMN), interleukin-1?? (IL-1??), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and tumor necrosis factor-?? (TNF-??), adhesion molecule (ICAM-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) was determined by ELISA. LIG significantly inhibited OVX-induced up-regulation of NF-??B activation and the production of IL-1??, TNF-??, iNOS, ICAM-1 and COX-2. Moreover, LIG suppressed MDA and infiltration of PMN. The results of the present study clearly demonstrate that there may be an inflammatory component in the etiology of osteoporosis. It revealed a significant anti-inflammatory effect of Z-Ligustilide in experimental OVX osteopenic rats.     

9型腺相关病毒转染乳鼠心肌细胞的可行性及安全性

背景：9型腺相关病毒对心肌细胞具有更好的靶向转染,是目前研究基因治疗心脏疾病的理想载体。目的：探索9型腺相关病毒体外转染乳鼠心肌细胞的可行性及对乳鼠心肌细胞的毒性评估。方法：分离培养原代乳鼠心肌细胞,以携带荧光蛋白基因的9型腺相关病毒为载体,将分离纯化的乳鼠心肌细胞分为正常培养组、无病毒转染组、病毒转染组。结果与结论：第1周细胞搏动频率及百分率正常培养组和病毒转染组与无病毒转染组比较,差异无显著性意义（P〉0.05）,但正常培养组高于病毒转染组（P〈0.05）;3周后各组比较,差异无显著性意义（P〉0.05）。经9型腺相关病毒转染的心肌细胞24h开始有表达,4~6d荧光最强,3组细胞72h内不同时间点还原比率均接近于1.0。说明9型腺相关病毒能成功有效地转染乳鼠心肌细胞,对乳鼠心肌细胞无明显毒性作用。     

Observations on Degenerative Changes Within the Optic Nerve in Patients With Primary Open Glaucoma and Arterial Hypertension: 6-Month Follow-Up

J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2012;14:701–710. ©2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. The authors aimed to determine the effect of the time of hypotensive drug administration on the progress of degenerative changes within the optic nerve in patients with hypertension and glaucoma. Two groups were included in the study: group A comprised patients-dippers taking drugs in the mornings, and group B comprised patients-nondippers taking drugs both in the mornings and in the evenings. After 6 months, group B showed significant drops in nocturnal diastolic blood pressure (BP) (month 1=73.27 mm Hg vs month 6=67.50 mm Hg), nocturnal mean BP (89.34 vs 84.65 mm Hg), and minimum diastolic BP (50.74 vs 44.03 mm Hg). Group B also showed significant reductions in nocturnal ocular perfusion pressure (43.0 vs 39.73), retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (131.31 vs 113.12 μm), and flow in the eye vessels. Taking hypotensive drugs in the evening may significantly decrease blood flow in the eye arteries, cause degenerative changes within the optic nerves, and result in greater loss in the field of vision.