试论《肘后备急方》在医药学上的贡献

详细论述了我国东晋著名医药学家葛洪所撰<肘后备急方>在预防医学、流行病学、内科急症、外科急症、骨科、针灸、推拿、药学、中医美容、食疗及男性学科上的贡献.     

The Synergistic Inhibitory Effect of STI571 in Combination with Arsenic Trioxide (As2O3) on Multidrug-Resistant Leukemic Cells

OBJECTIVE To study the synergistic effect of STI571, an inhibitor of tyrosine kinase, in combination with arsenic trioxide As2O3 on a multidrug-resistant leukemia cell line expressing bcr-abl.METHODS The cytotoxic effect of STI571 alone or in combination with different concentrations of As2O3 on the bcr-abl and mdr1 -positive leukemia cell line, K562-n/VCR, was examined by the MTT method.RESULTS One μmol/L of STI571 alone had no significant cytotoxic effect on K562-n/VCR cells. However the cytotoxic effect increased markedly when combined with As2O3 at concentrations of 10-5, 10-6, 10-7 and 10-8 mol/L. The IC50 of K562-n/VCR cells in As2O3 group was 1.879 μmol/L, with. Upon addition of STI571, the IC50 decreased to 0.155 μmol/L resulting in a synergistic cytotoxic effect on K562-n/VCR ceils that was increased 12.1 times.CONCLUSION A combination of STI571 with As2O3 has a more powerful inhibitory effect on leukemia cells expressing positive bcr-abl and positive mdrl compared to the effect with As2O3 alone.     

质疑血清药理学,加强多层次半体内实验研究

质疑血清药理学的主要理由包括①从胃肠吸收的中药成分在体内是进入血浆,而不是血清;②凝血过程有一系列酶生成,同时刺激白细胞释放溶酶,这些酶可能降解某些中药成分;③凝血酶刺激血小板与白细胞释放大量生物活性物质;④凝血过程伴有纤溶、补体、激肽等系统活化;⑤制备与灭活血清过程会导致中药成分与中药介导体内释放物质损失。新近利用HPLCMS指纹图谱分析与抗白血病细胞增殖实验证明利用血清药理方法可能带来错误结论。建议加强中药多层次半体内实验研究,其中血浆药理方法可能避免血清药理方法的弊病。     

转录因子NFATc在钙神经素介导的脑缺血再灌注损伤中的作用

目的研究转录因子NFATc及NF-κB在钙神经素介导的脑缺血再灌注损伤中的作用。方法Western blotting和EMSA分子生物学技术。结果与对照组相比较，CsA明显减低I/R组Fas配体和NFATc的蛋白表达;对照组、I/R组和CsA处理组I-κB-α蛋白表达无显著区别;未观察到对照组、I/R组和CsA处理组有phospho-I-κB-α蛋白表达;与对照组相比较，CsA明显减低I/R组Fas配体启动子远端和Fas配体启动子近端NFAT结合位点的NFAT-DNA结合活性(P<0.01)。结论转录因子NFATc参与钙神经素介导的脑缺血再灌注损伤，促进CD95配体分子的转录表达;NF-κB可能未参与钙神经素介导的脑缺血再灌注损伤的作用机制。     

当归精油对大鼠离体子宫平滑肌收缩的影响

目的:观察当归精油对大鼠离体子宫平滑肌收缩的影响.方法:制作离体子宫平滑肌肌条,考察催产素、高钾去极化溶液存在条件下当归精油对子宫肌条反应的影响.结果:当归精油对催产素及高K 去极化液中Ca2 所致的离体子宫平滑肌收缩均呈剂量依赖性抑制;使CaCl2累积量-效曲线非平行性右移,最大效应下降,呈非竞争性抑制;且对子宫平滑肌依细胞内、外Ca2 两种收缩成分均呈抑制作用.结论:当归精油对大鼠离体子宫平滑肌条的抑制作用,可能与其拮抗Ca2 有关.     

HPLC测定不同产地大蒜中蒜氨酸的含量

目的:建立高效液相色谱法测定不同产地大蒜中蒜氨酸的含量.方法:采用色谱柱:ZirchromODS柱,流动相:甲醇-水(3:7)为,检测波长214nm.结果:蒜氨酸进样量在0.0103～0.5151mg·mL-1范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系(r=0.9998),平均回收率98.7%.日内精密度RSD为1.1%,日间精密度RSD为1.9%.结论:实验表明该法简便、快速、适用性好.     

反相高效液相色谱法测定雷贝拉唑的血药浓度

目的　建立测定雷贝拉唑血药浓度的高效液相色谱(HPLC)方法。方法　色谱条件 :luna C8色谱柱 ,流动相为 2 0mmol·L-1 磷酸盐缓冲液 (pH7 0 ) /乙腈 (70 / 30 ,V/V) ,流速1 2ml·min-1 ,测定波长 2 88nm ,以雷贝拉唑峰面积定量。结果　雷贝拉唑的标准曲线为 ^Y =1 2 4 95 0X - 80 6 0 5 (r =0 999) ,线性范围为 0 0 1～ 0 75mg·L-1 ,具有良好的线性关系 ;其 0 0 5、0 1、0 5mg·L-1 3个浓度的血清样本回收率分别为 75 2 3%± 3 0 2 %、84 2 3%± 3 33%、91 0 5 %± 7 5 1 % ;日内变异分别为 5 0 9%、9 2 0 %、6 75 % ;日间变异分别为8 2 5 %、3 5 1 %、4 1 9%。结论　该方法简便、快速且无干扰 ,满足测定要求 ,可用于雷贝拉唑的药代动力学研究     

Transnasal Endoscopic and Transoral Approaches in the Biopsies of Ventral Atlas and Axis Vertebrae: A Comprehensive Retrospective Study for Preprocedural Scheme,Biopsy Procedure,Core Technique Analysis,Diagnostic Yield and Clinical Outcome

ObjectiveThis study aims to describe and analyze the transoral and transnasal approaches for pathologies of the ventral atlas and axis vertebrae, which are considered technically challenging regions for diagnostic biopsy.MethodsA series of transnasal endoscopic approach (TNA) and transoral approach (TOA) biopsies for the pathologies of the first and second cervical vertebrae were conducted and retrospectively analyzed from July 2014 to May 2021. The depth of the biopsy trajectory was measured on computed tomography images for all nine patients (eight males and one female with an average age of 58.11 ± 11.60 years), as were the coronal, sagittal, and vertical biopsy safe ranges. The characteristics of each lesion, including radiographic features, blood supply, and destruction of anterior or posterior vertebral body edges, were evaluated to guide the biopsy. Four biopsy core techniques (BCTs), including “lesion perforating”, “aspiration”, “cutting‐and‐scraping” and “biopsy forceps utilization” were elaborated in this study. The biopsy procedures and periprocedural precautions were demonstrated. Patient demographics, clinical data, lesion characteristics, diagnostic yield, and complications were recorded for each case.ResultsEight TOA biopsies for the axis vertebral body and one TNA biopsy for the atlas anterior arch were successfully performed and yielded adequate pathologies. All biopsies were organized based on the preprocedural radiographic measurements, which showed that the average length of biopsy trajectory and coronal, sagittal, and vertical safe biopsy ranges were 85.00 ± 5.88, 20.63 ± 4.75, 16.25 ± 1.49, and 24.63 ± 2.26 mm, respectively, and these corresponding data were 95, 36, 9, and 26 mm in the TNA patient. Six osteolytic lesions (66.7%), one osteoblastic lesion (11.1%), and two mixed lesions (22.2%) were observed, among which seven lesions had a rich blood supply. Biopsy forceps and core needles were utilized to obtain samples in six and three patients, respectively. All the TNA and TOA biopsies were performed with cooperative application of multiple BCTs under compound anatomic and stereotactic navigations. Intraprocedural or postprocedural complications occurred in no patients who underwent the biopsy in the follow‐up period (1–39 months). No significant differences were found between the preprocedural and postprocedural blood indexes and visual analogue scale scores.ConclusionWith a sophisticated preprocedural arrangement, cooperative application of BCTs, and careful periprocedural precautions, transnasal endoscopic and transoral biopsies are two feasible, efficient, and well‐tolerated procedures that achieve satisfactory diagnostic yield, complication rate, and clinical outcome.     

转铁蛋白在蛋白多肽药物口服给药中的应用

转铁蛋白作为一种药物载体,在蛋白多肽药物的口服给药领域有着美好前景。以转铁蛋白作为药物载体,可以使蛋白肽类药物在肠道吸收;对转铁蛋白进行适当的修饰,可以提高其递送效率。本文概述了近年来转铁蛋白在蛋白多肽药物口服给药中的作用及有关转运机制的研究进展。     

超声学检查对鼻咽癌颈淋巴结肿大的诊疗价值

目的:观察鼻咽癌颈部肿大淋巴结超声学特点,评价超声学检查对鼻咽癌颈部肿大淋巴结的诊疗价值。方法:对33例病理确诊为鼻咽癌颈部肿大淋巴结患者,在放疗前后进行超声学对比检查,对放疗后残留者随访观察,记录淋巴结大小、回声、结构、血流分级,对血流分级Ⅰ级以上者测定血流最大速度及阻力指数。结果:(1)B超较体检或MRI分别高出68.6%、43.3%的检出率。(2)放疗前1例患者淋巴结血流分级评为0级,5例显示在0级到Ⅰ级之间,Ⅰ级7例,Ⅱ级14例,Ⅲ级6例。Ⅰ级以上者肿大淋巴结血流最大速度Vmax位于0.13～0.42m/s,多数为0.14～0.25m/s;阻力指数RI位于0.46～0.89,多数为0.57～0.65;6例血流丰富评为Ⅲ级者,出现高阻力、高流速,RI0.67～0.88,Vmax0.23～0.42m/s。(3)放疗前后转移淋巴结超声学特点变化明显,淋巴结消失或直径变小,或者表现为回声增强,边界模糊,血流分级下降,呈0～Ⅰ级,血流速度下降,部分仅测得0.04～0.06m/s的静脉血供。结论:(1)超声学方法可作为鼻咽癌颈部转移淋巴结无创、定性的诊断方法;(2)淋巴结直径<2cm,无血流或血流<Ⅰ级,且淋巴结皮髓质境界分明者,即使CT或MRI检查提示淋巴结存在,仍可按非转移淋巴结观察随访;(3)直径1～2cm者,血流分级Ⅱ～Ⅲ级者,考虑转移淋巴结;(4)直径≥2cm,孤立肿大淋巴结,有无血流均考虑转移淋巴结。