15例重度糖尿病酮症酸中毒婴幼儿急救的输液管理

总结15例重度糖尿病酮症酸中毒婴幼儿急救的输液管理经验。主要措施包括：迅速评估和快速建立静脉通路,规范、合理的补液及小剂量胰岛素的应用,做好补液过程中的评估和监护,早发现、早干预各类潜在的输液并发症。15例婴幼儿均在48 h内纠正酮症酸中毒,经后续治疗血糖稳定出院。     

Skeletal class II malocclusion caused by mouth breathing in a pediatric patient undergoing treatment by interceptive guidance of occlusion

A 7-year 10-month-old boy was evaluated for mouth breathing and snoring habits. Examination revealed soft convex tissues, maxillary protrusion, mandibular retrusion, and a class II sagittal osteofascial pattern. The patient failed a water holding test. He was clinically diagnosed with skeletal class II malocclusion caused by mouth breathing. Under interceptive guidance of occlusion (iGo), the malocclusion improved with fixed maxillary expansion using functional appliances and interventional treatment of mouth breathing by lip closure exercises. These treatments enabled the patient to gradually return to nasal breathing and guided him to develop physiological occlusion for a coordinated jaw-to-jaw relation. At the 5-year 2-month post-correction follow-up visit (at the age of 13 years), the patient had stable occlusion, a coordinated osteofascial pattern, and normal dentition, periodontium, and temporomandibular joints.     

Association between PARK16 and Parkinson's disease in the Han Chinese population: a meta-analysis

PARK16 was reported to alter the risk for Parkinson's disease (PD) in the Japanese population. However, its role in Han Chinese PD patients has not been well established. Herein, we investigated the effect of 4 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the PARK16 locus, including rs823128, rs947211, rs823156, and rs11240572, on the risk of PD by genotyping 497 Taiwanese patients with PD and 500 age-matched control subjects. The results were then meta-analyzed with available genetic association studies in the same population. The meta-analysis showed that PD patients demonstrated a lower frequency of the rs823128 G allele (11.93%) than control subjects (14.04%; odds ratio [OR] 0.83, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.72–0.96, p = 0.010). The frequency of the rs947211 A allele (40.35%) in PD patients was lower than in control subjects (43.01%; OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.80–0.99, p = 0.047). The rs823156 G allele was less frequently seen in PD patients (17.32%) than in control subjects (21.35%; OR 0.77, 95% CI 0.69–0.86, p < 0.001). A lower frequency of the rs11240572 A allele was found in PD patients (14.01%) than in control subjects (17.66%; OR 0.76, 95% CI 0.66–0.88, p < 0.001). Our results indicate a robust protective effect of PARK16 in Han Chinese PD patients. Functional approaches are needed to elucidate the effects of these SNPs on the regulation of gene expression.     

血清皮质醇水平在阿尔茨海默病与抑郁障碍 鉴别中的作用

目的 探讨血清皮质醇水平在鉴别阿尔茨海默病与老年抑郁障碍中的作用。方法 回 顾性分析苏州市广济医院老年精神科 2018 年 1 月 1 日至 2020 年 10 月 1 日期间住院,年龄 55～95 岁,且 依据 ICD-10 诊断标准出院诊断为抑郁障碍和阿尔茨海默病的患者的血清皮质醇水平以及雌二醇、生 长激素等激素水平资料。结果 研究共纳入抑郁障碍患者109例,阿尔茨海默病57例,抑郁障碍组的 皮质醇水平明显高于阿尔茨海默病组［478.10（389.81, 587.63）nmol/L 比 370.30（290.66, 405.35）nmol/L, Z=5.91,P＜ 0.01］,而年龄［（69.68±8.01）岁比（75.77±8.01）岁,t=4.66,P=0.00］、黄体生成素［18.90（9.59, 27.60） IU/L 比 24.31（15.18,34.06） IU/L,Z=2.27,P=0.02］和生长激素［0.23（0.10, 0.73）ng/ml 比 0.30（0.20, 1.45）ng/ml,Z=2.02,P=0.04］显 著 低 于 阿 尔 茨 海 默 病 组。 经 过 Logistic 回 归 筛 选 出 年 龄（OR=0.92, 95%CI=0.88～0.96,P＜ 0.01）、皮质醇（OR=1.01,95%CI=1.00～1.01,P＜ 0.01）两项指标构建回归方程。年龄、 皮质醇及年龄与皮质醇联合后的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.69（95%CI=0.62～0.76）、0.78（95%CI=0.71～0.84） 和 0.82（95%CI=0.75～0.88）。结论 血清皮质醇水平可能可以作为鉴别住院老年抑郁障碍和阿尔茨海 默病患者的重要指标。     

Differentiation between Clear Cell Sarcoma of the Kidney and Wilms' Tumor with CT

ObjectiveClear cell sarcoma of the kidney (CCSK) is the second-most common but extremely rare primary renal malignancy in children after Wilms'' tumor. The aims of this study were to evaluate the imaging features that could distinguish between CCSK and Wilms'' tumor and to assess the features with diagnostic value for identifying CCSK.Materials and MethodsWe reviewed the initial contrast-enhanced abdominal-pelvic CT scans of children with CCSK and Wilms'' tumor between 2010 to 2019. Fifty-eight children (32 males and 26 females; age, 0.3–10 years), 7 with CCSK, and 51 with Wilms'' tumor, were included. The maximum tumor diameter, presence of engorged perinephric vessels, maximum density of the tumor (Tmax) of the enhancing solid portion, paraspinal muscle, contralateral renal vein density, and density ratios (Tmax/muscle and Tmax/vein) were analyzed on the renal parenchymal phase of contrast-enhanced CT. Fisher''s exact tests and Mann-Whitney U tests were conducted to analyze the categorical and continuous variables, respectively. Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curve analyses were also performed.ResultsThe age, sex, and tumor diameter did not differ between the two groups. Engorged perinephric vessels were more common in patients in the CCSK group (71% [5/7] vs. 16% [8/51], p = 0.005). Tmax (median, 148.0 vs. 111.0 Hounsfield unit, p = 0.004), Tmax/muscle (median, 2.64 vs. 1.67, p = 0.002), and Tmax/vein (median, 0.94 vs. 0.59, p = 0.002) were higher in the CCSK compared to the Wilms'' group. Multiple logistic regression revealed that engorged vessels (odds ratio 13.615; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.770–104.730) and Tmax/muscle (odds ratio 5.881; 95% CI, 1.337–25.871) were significant predictors of CCSK. The cutoff values of Tmax/muscle (86% sensitivity, 77% specificity) and Tmax/vein (71% sensitivity, 86% specificity) for the diagnosis of CCSK were 1.97 and 0.76, respectively.ConclusionPerinephric vessel engorgement and greater tumor enhancement (Tmax/muscle > 1.97 or Tmax/vein > 0.76) are helpful for differentiating between CCSK and Wilms'' tumor in children aged below 10 years.     

超声引导下经皮肺穿刺并发症及相关因素分析

【摘要】 目的 分析超声引导下经皮肺穿刺活检术并发症及其影响因素。方法 2017年6月至2020年1月于超声引导下经皮肺穿刺活检的病例193例,统计并分析并发症的发生与患者的性别、年龄、病灶部位、大小、病理结果、穿刺方式及切割次数的关系。结果 193例中出现并发症的患者共42例（21.8%）。其中气胸14例（7.3%）,咯血14例（7.3%）,胸膜反应12例（6.2%）,穿刺部位疼痛5例（2.6%）。并发症相关因素分析可知:并发症的发生与患者的年龄、病灶部位及病灶大小相关（P＜0.05）。结论 患者的年龄、病灶部位、大小会影响超声引导下经皮肺穿刺活检并发症的发生率。     

认知行为治疗与系统性家庭治疗对轻中度产后抑郁患者的影响

目的 探讨认知行为治疗与系统性家庭治疗对轻中度产后抑郁患者的应用价值.方法 从2018年4月～2020年1月,本院收治的98例轻中度产后抑郁患者作为研究对象,利用随机数字表法将其分为对照组49例(常规治疗)和观察组49例(认知行为治疗与系统性家庭治疗),对比两组患者的治疗效果、睡眠质量、爱丁堡产后抑郁问卷评分(EPDS)、生活质量.结果 分析治疗效果:和对照组轻中度产后抑郁患者的治疗有效率(83.67％)相比,观察组轻中度产后抑郁患者的治疗有效率(97.96％)更高,P＜0.05;观察组入睡时间(1.37±0.83)、睡眠时间(1.78±0.65)、睡眠效率(1.61±0.67)、睡眠障碍(1.17±0.45)等评分较对照组低,P＜0.05;治疗前,两组EPDS评分对比无统计学差异,P＞0.05,治疗后,观察组评分(13.14±2.63)较对照组低,P＜0.05;在生活质量方面,观察组各项评分高于对照组,P＜0.05.结论 实施认知行为治疗与系统性家庭治疗方案,可以更好的改善产后抑郁患者的不良情绪和睡眠,提高其生活质量.     

一例早发癫痫性脑病42型患儿的临床表型及基因变异分析

目的探讨一例早发癫痫性脑病42型患儿的基因型与表型特征。方法详细询问患儿的病史,结合其临床表型、影像学及遗传学特征进行临床诊断,并对其父母进行Sanger测序验证,明确致病变异的来源。结果患儿无意识头向一侧轻度歪斜,眼球向同侧斜视,脑电图异常放电。磁共振成像显示左额后皮层可疑异常信号,伴右侧上颌窦及筛窦炎症。全外显子组测序提示患儿携带CACNA1A基因c.5789G>A杂合变异,Sanger测序提示父母双方并未携带相同的变异,提示其为新发变异。结论先证者CACNA1A基因c.5789G>A杂合变异可能是导致其早发癫痫性脑病42型的原因。