High-performance yttrium-iron alloy doped Pt-free catalysts on graphene for hydrogen evolution

Research into the preparation and application of metal/graphene nanocomposite materials is an important issue in the field of graphene applications. Metal nanomaterials and graphene materials have many excellent properties and have been perfectly combined into metal/graphene nanocomposite materials. These offer the high catalytic activity of metal nanomaterials and the high specific surface area and favorable electrical conductivity of graphene. The unique advantages can produce synergistic effects and can significantly improve the overall performance of the composite materials. This gives the metal/graphene nanocomposite materials excellent application prospects for hydrogen evolution. Here, we report the preparation of yttrium-doped palladium/iron on graphene (Pd/YFeO₃/^GC) using a simple and efficient method. The catalytic performance of the Pd/YFeO₃/^GC nanocomposites for water electrolysis and hydrogen production was evaluated. The results show that the overpotential for the hydrogen evolution reaction at −10 mA cm⁻² is only 15 mV, which is competitive with Pt/C catalysts. The Pd/YFeO₃/^GC is highly active for hydrogen evolution with an onset potential of −8 mV in 0.5 M H₂SO₄ solution and a Tafel slope of 37 mV dec⁻¹ with a Pd loading of only 20 μg_Pd cm⁻². These results clearly demonstrated that Pd/YFeO₃/^GC is an excellent catalyst for hydrogen evolution.

Research into the preparation and application of metal/graphene nanocomposite materials is an important issue in the field of graphene applications.     

Human Papillomavirus Prevalence in Oropharyngeal Cancer before Vaccine Introduction,United States

We conducted a study to determine prevalence of HPV types in oropharyngeal cancers in the United States and establish a prevaccine baseline for monitoring the impact of vaccination. HPV DNA was extracted from tumor tissue samples from patients in whom cancer was diagnosed during 1995–2005. The samples were obtained from cancer registries and Residual Tissue Repository Program sites in the United States. HPV was detected and typed by using PCR reverse line blot assays. Among 557 invasive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas, 72% were positive for HPV and 62% for vaccine types HPV16 or 18. Prevalence of HPV-16/18 was lower in women (53%) than in men (66%), and lower in non-Hispanic Black patients (31%) than in other racial/ethnic groups (68%–80%). Results indicate that vaccines could prevent most oropharyngeal cancers in the United States, but their effect may vary by demographic variables.     

InVance球部悬吊术治疗前列腺癌根治术后压力性尿失禁

目的评价InVance球部悬吊术治疗前列腺癌根治术后压力性尿失禁的临床效果。方法回顾性分析2005年3月至2011年3月采用InVance球部悬吊术治疗6例前列腺癌根治术后压力性尿失禁患者的临床资料。结果6例手术时间80～120min,出血量20～50ml。术后2d拔除气囊导尿管,切口均Ⅰ期愈合。随访12～29个月,4例治愈,1例改善,1例无效。2例出现暂时性尿潴留,1例出现短期内会阴疼痛。6个月后最大尿流率（15．9±7．7）ml／s,残余尿量0-20ml／s。结论InVance球部悬吊术简单、创伤小、手术并发症少,对前列腺癌根治术后压力性尿失禁有较好疗效。     

慢性心力衰竭患者认知功能状况及其影响因素的调查分析

目的 描述慢性心力衰竭(chronic heart failure,CHF)患者认知功能状况并探讨其影响因素.方法 入选2013年4月至12月北京阜外心血管病医院CHF监护病房及重症监护病房(ICU)住院的CHF患者267例,使用蒙特利尔认知功能评估表(MoCA)进行认知功能评估,并收集相关资料.以患者认知状况为因变量进行非条件logistic回归分析.结果 患者认知评估平均分为(25.22±2.82)分,以＜ 26分作为认知功能受损的界值,37.8％ (101/267)的患者伴有认知功能损伤.其中延迟回忆、语言、视空间与执行功能维度受损最严重.多因素分析结果显示,在对其他因素进行控制后,随年龄增长患者认知功能呈下降趋势(OR=1.09,95％ CI:1.05～1.14),左心室射血分数(LVEF)越高患者认知功能越好(OR =0.97,95％ CI:0.95 ～0.99),规律服药者认知功能好于未规律服药者(OR =3.71,95％ CI:1.40 ～ 10.91),社会支持水平高的患者认知功能优于社会支持低者(OR=0.92,95％ CI:0.88 ～0.96).结论 CHF患者认知损伤发生率较高,年龄、LVEF、规律服药情况及社会支持与CHF患者认知功能有关.     

Clinical study on electroacupuncture for obese patients with binge eating disorder: A retrospective study

Binge eating disorder (BED) is a common dietary disorder among obese people. Obesity and eating disorders are related to mental health and physical health. At present, there is no definite and effective method for treatment in clinic. The curative effect of electroacupuncture on obesity is definite. Although there is no conclusive evidence to support its long-term benefits, electroacupuncture has been increasingly used in clinic. This retrospective study determined the prognosis and outcome of electro-acupuncture on obese patients with BED.One hundred forty-three patients with BED and obesity were found from 658 people who participated in the scientific experiment of obesity treatment in Nanjing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Nanjing Brain Hospital from March 2015 to June 2018, and 84 patients (aged 18–40 years old) with valid data and uninterrupted treatment were found to be eligible for this retrospective study. According to the intervention methods, the patients were divided into electro-acupuncture combined with cognitive group (n = 32), cognitive therapy group (n = 28), and control group (n = 24). In this study, the 5th edition of Diagnosis and Statistics Manual of Mental Diseases, fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, body fat rate, muscle mass, visceral index grade, nutrient intake (energy, protein, fat, carbohydrate), body weight, and weight changes before and after treatment were observed.Compared with the cognitive therapy group, negative emotion score, TC, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein, waist circumference, BW, BMI, body fat percentage of the electroacupuncture combined with cognitive group were lower, while positive emotional scores were higher, and there were significant differences in negative emotional scores, TC, waist circumference and BMI (P < .05). The dietary energy and three major nutrients in the electroacupuncture combined with cognitive group were lower than those in the cognitive group and the blank group (P < .05).The current results suggest that electroacupuncture combined with cognitive therapy is more effective than cognitive therapy alone in treating obese patients with BED. Future prospective studies are necessary to further study the mechanism of electroacupuncture on the obese with BED.     

肺动脉球囊扩张成形术治疗慢性血栓栓塞性肺动脉高压的安全性和有效性

目的评估肺动脉球囊扩张成形术(BPA)治疗慢性血栓栓塞性肺动脉高压(CTEPH)的安全性及有效性。方法2017年2月至2018年5月,前瞻性收集首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院25例CTEPH患者,均接受BPA治疗,其中男10例、女15例。分析患者的临床资料,比较BPA治疗前后患者脑尿钠肽(BNP)、平均肺动脉压(mPAP)、三尖瓣环收缩期位移(TAPSE)、6 min步行实验(6WMD)、右心室基底内径、WHO心功能分级的变化。采用配对t检验比较治疗前后各指标的差异。结果25例患者共接受50次BPA治疗,12例治疗次数≥2次,其mPAP由术前的(50.4±9.9)mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)下降到(39.9±10.6)mmHg,差异有统计学意义(t=9.7,P<0.001);BNP由术前的(513.5±357.3)pg/ml下降至(106.3±137.5)pg/ml,差异有统计学意义(t=3.2,P=0.006);TAPSE由术前的(16.2±2.8)mm增加至(18.0±2.4)mm,差异有统计学意义(t=-5.7,P=0.002,);右心室基底内径由(45.9±6.9)mm减小至(41.2±7.3)mm,差异有统计学意义(t=5.6,P<0.001,);6WMD由术前的(371.1±86.8)m增加至(467.7±76.1)m,差异有统计学意义(t=-6.4,P<0.001);WHO心功能分级由(2.4±0.7)级改善为(1.2±0.4)级,差异有统计学意义(t=2.8,P=0.021)。3例患者出现肺动脉损伤,其中2例表现为咯血,行动脉栓塞后咯血停止;本组患者未出现肺水肿等其他并发症。结论BPA能改善CTEPH患者临床症状,提高肺动脉的血流动力学指标,可作为不能手术切除的CTEPH患者的选择治疗方法。     

前置体型特异性剂量估算值优化CT冠状动脉成像的可行性

目的 探讨前置体型特异性剂量估算值（SSDE）优化CT冠状动脉成像（CCTA）的可行性。方法 回顾性分析2018年3月至2018年5月衢州市人民医院90例行CCTA扫描的患者资料,建立水等效直径（d_w）与体质量指数（BMI）的回归方程,并计算容积CT剂量指数（CTDI_vol）上四分位数。前瞻性收集2018年12月至2019年1月衢州市人民医院行CCTA扫描患者67例,按随机数表法分为对照组（32例）和试验组（35例）。对照组使用固定CTDI_vol设定扫描方案,试验组使用固定SSDE设定扫描方案。两组的目标剂量为90例患者CTDI_vol的上四分位数。评估并比较两组图像质量及辐射剂量。结果 90例患者BMI与d_w正相关（r=0.823,P<0.05）,回归方程为d_w=9.241+0.644×BMI;CTDI_vol的上四分位数为7.92 mGy。对照组和试验组冠状动脉血管段图像质量的优良率分别为94.10%（367/390）和93.93%（402/428）,差异无统计学意义（P> 0.05）;对照组和试验组SNR和CNR的中位数分别为21.08、24.39和17.24、19.94,差异无统计学意义（P> 0.05）。试验组的CTDI_vol、SSDE和女性乳腺辐射剂量（D_bre）分别较对照组降低37.04%、35.77%和37.37%,差异均具有统计学意义（z=-7.041,t=18.479,15.079,P<0.05）。结论 基于前置SSDE设定CCTA方案具有可行性,保证图像质量的同时,可有效降低辐射剂量。     

应用正交试验减少静脉用药集中调配中心难溶性抗菌药物残留量

[摘要]目的：利用正交试验降低静脉用药调配中心难溶抗菌药物的残留量。方法：选定溶媒类型、溶媒体积和溶药针类型三个因素,每个因素确定两个水平,即溶媒类型为0.9%氯化钠注射液和灭菌注射用水,溶媒体积为5 mL和8 mL,溶药针类型为直孔溶药针和侧孔溶药针,进行三因素两水平的正交试验,考察各个因素对静脉用药调配中心难溶抗菌药物残留体积和残留量的影响。结果：影响静脉用药调配中心难溶抗菌药物残留体积的主次因素为溶药针类型最大,溶媒体积次之,溶媒类型最小;影响残留量的主次因素为溶媒体积最大,溶药针类型次之,溶媒类型最小。结论：选择适宜溶媒类型、溶媒体积和溶药针类型调配难溶性抗菌药物,可降低西林瓶内的残留量,提高成品输液质量。     

甲状旁腺激素制剂治疗代谢性骨病

甲状旁腺激素（PTH）是调节钙平衡及骨转换的重要内分泌激素.目前已有PTH氨基端1-34片段和PTH 1-84全段两种重组甲状旁腺激素,用于治疗严重原发性及糖皮质激素诱发性骨质疏松.最近研究发现,PTH制剂对甲状旁腺功能减退症、成骨不全症、低磷酸酶症等代谢性骨病也有良好疗效.