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61.
Romina Lomonaco Eddison Godinez Leiva Fernando Bril Sulav Shrestha Lydia Mansour Jeff Budd Jessica Portillo Romero Siegfried Schmidt Ku-Lang Chang George Samraj John Malaty Katherine Huber Pierre Bedossa Srilaxmi Kalavalapalli Jonathan Marte Diana Barb Danielle Poulton Nada Fanous Kenneth Cusi 《Diabetes care》2021,44(2):399
OBJECTIVEAssess the prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and of liver fibrosis associated with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in unselected patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSA total of 561 patients with T2DM (age: 60 ± 11 years; BMI: 33.4 ± 6.2 kg/m2; and HbA1c: 7.5 ± 1.8%) attending primary care or endocrinology outpatient clinics and unaware of having NAFLD were recruited. At the visit, volunteers were invited to be screened by elastography for steatosis and fibrosis by controlled attenuation parameter (≥274 dB/m) and liver stiffness measurement (LSM; ≥7.0 kPa), respectively. Secondary causes of liver disease were ruled out. Diagnostic panels for prediction of advanced fibrosis, such as AST-to-platelet ratio index (APRI) and Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) index, were also measured. A liver biopsy was performed if results were suggestive of fibrosis.RESULTSThe prevalence of steatosis was 70% and of fibrosis 21% (LSM ≥7.0 kPa). Moderate fibrosis (F2: LSM ≥8.2 kPa) was present in 6% and severe fibrosis or cirrhosis (F3–4: LSM ≥9.7 kPa) in 9%, similar to that estimated by FIB-4 and APRI panels. Noninvasive testing was consistent with liver biopsy results. Elevated AST or ALT ≥40 units/L was present in a minority of patients with steatosis (8% and 13%, respectively) or with liver fibrosis (18% and 28%, respectively). This suggests that AST/ALT alone are insufficient as initial screening. However, performance may be enhanced by imaging (e.g., transient elastography) and plasma diagnostic panels (e.g., FIB-4 and APRI).CONCLUSIONSModerate-to-advanced fibrosis (F2 or higher), an established risk factor for cirrhosis and overall mortality, affects at least one out of six (15%) patients with T2DM. These results support the American Diabetes Association guidelines to screen for clinically significant fibrosis in patients with T2DM with steatosis or elevated ALT. 相似文献
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Michael Marxen Mark J. Jacob Lydia Hellrung Philipp Riedel Michael N. Smolka 《Human brain mapping》2021,42(5):1257
Our senses are constantly monitoring the environment for emotionally salient stimuli that are potentially relevant for survival. Because of our limited cognitive resources, emotionally salient distractors prolong reaction times (RTs) as compared to neutral distractors. In addition, many studies have reported fMRI blood oxygen level‐dependent (BOLD) activation of both the amygdala and the anterior insula for similar valence contrasts. However, a direct correlation of trail‐by‐trial BOLD activity with RTs has not been shown, yet, which would be a crucial piece of evidence to relate the two observations. To investigate the role of the above two regions in the context of emotional distractor effects, we study here the correlation between BOLD activity and RTs for a simple attentional capture by emotional stimuli (ACES) choice reaction time task using a general linear subject‐level model with a parametric RT regressor. We found significant regression coefficients in the anterior insula, supplementary motor cortex, medial precentral regions, sensory‐motor areas and others, but not in the amygdala, despite activation of both insula and amygdala in the traditional valence contrast across trials (i.e., negative vs. neutral pictures). In addition, we found that subjects that exhibit a stronger RT distractor effect across trials also show a stronger BOLD valence contrast in the right anterior insula but not in the amygdala. Our results indicate that the current neuroimaging‐based evidence for the involvement of the amygdala in RT slowing is limited. We advocate that models of emotional capture should incorporate both the amygdala and the anterior insula as separate entities. 相似文献
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Melanie Marsh Stephanie M. Lauden John D. Mahan Lydia Schneider Laura Saldivar Nina Hill Christopher Diaz Mahmoud Abdel-Rasoul Suzanne Reed 《Patient education and counseling》2021,104(5):1200-1205
ObjectiveThere are few opportunities in medical education dedicated to learning skills for effective communication in life altering patient scenarios. We therefore aimed to develop and assess a longitudinal advanced communication curriculum for pediatric residents using patient feedback and deliberate practice.MethodsPediatric residents at a large academic center were randomized into 2 groups. The intervention group received 6 educational sessions from 2019 to 2020, parent feedback of performance via the Communication Assessment Tool (CAT), and monthly communication tips. Communication skills of both groups were assessed at the end of the intervention.ResultsWe collected 937 CAT assessments on 36 first-year residents. The intervention group demonstrated statistically significant improvement in communication skills from pre to post assessment (p = 0.0063, (odds ratio (OR) 1.76, 95 % confidence interval (CI) [1.17, 2.63]) compared to the control group (p = 0.080, OR 1.41, 95 % CI [0.96, 2.05]).ConclusionsThere are patient and self-identified performance gaps in communication skills for pediatric residents, underscoring the need for formalized curricula dedicated to these skills.Practice implicationsOur study highlights the value of deliberate practice and the integration of family feedback as an educational tool in communication skills development. 相似文献
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Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) is a very rare often fatal congenital coronary artery anomaly that occurs in approximately only 1 of 300,000 live births. Many cardiologists and pathologists may be unaware that cardiac ischemia and sudden death can also occur due to ALCAPA in adults in whom it is even rarer and thus may be missed at autopsy. The adult form may range clinically from asymptomatic to sudden cardiac death. We present four cases of adult ALCAPA that illustrate the variable presentations and survival. Two had died at rest and were previously asymptomatic. The other two died during exertion with history of recent chest pains in one and previous myocardial infarction in childhood in the other. This last case remained asymptomatic until death. These four cases highlight that surgery should be undertaken in all cases, even in those who are asymptomatic as newer imaging makes the diagnosis in life more frequent. Age is not important as cases vary widely in age from 22 to 68 in our small group. Furthermore, the most common site of left coronary artery origin is the left pulmonary sinus but our autopsy study shows that the origin can be variable extending above the pulmonary valve sinus to the main pulmonary artery. 相似文献
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Maria José Azevedo de Brito Fábio Xerfan Nahas Neli Regina Siqueira Ortega Táki Athanássios Cordás Gal Moreira Dini Miguel Sabino Neto Lydia Masako Ferreira 《International journal of medical informatics》2013,82(9):844-853
PurposeTo develop a fuzzy linguistic model to quantify the level of distress of patients seeking cosmetic surgery. Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a mental condition related to body image relatively common among cosmetic surgery patients; it is difficult to diagnose and is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Fuzzy cognitive maps are an efficient tool based on human knowledge and experience that can handle uncertainty in identifying or grading BDD symptoms and the degree of body image dissatisfaction. Individuals who seek cosmetic procedures suffer from some degree of dissatisfaction with appearance.MethodsA fuzzy model was developed to measure distress levels in cosmetic surgery patients based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV), diagnostic criterion B for BDD. We studied 288 patients of both sexes seeking abdominoplasty, rhinoplasty, or rhytidoplasty in a university hospital.ResultsPatient distress ranged from “none” to “severe” (range = 7.5–31.6; cutoff point = 18; area under the ROC curve = 0.923). There was a significant agreement between the fuzzy model and DSM-IV criterion B (kappa = 0.805; p < 0.001).ConclusionThe fuzzy model measured distress levels with good accuracy, indicating that it can be used as a screening tool in cosmetic surgery and psychiatric practice. 相似文献
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TCOF1 gene encodes a putative nucleolar phosphoprotein that exhibits mutations in Treacher Collins Syndrome throughout its coding region 下载免费PDF全文
Carol A. Wise Lydia C. Chiang William A. Paznekas Mridula Sharma Maurice M. Musy Jennifer A. Ashley Michael Lovett Ethylin W. Jabs 《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America》1997,94(7):3110-3115
Treacher Collins Syndrome (TCS) is the most common of the human mandibulofacial dysostosis disorders. Recently, a partial TCOF1 cDNA was identified and shown to contain mutations in TCS families. Here we present the entire exon/intron genomic structure and the complete coding sequence of TCOF1. TCOF1 encodes a low complexity protein of 1,411 amino acids, whose predicted protein structure reveals repeated motifs that mirror the organization of its exons. These motifs are shared with nucleolar trafficking proteins in other species and are predicted to be highly phosphorylated by casein kinase. Consistent with this, the full-length TCOF1 protein sequence also contains putative nuclear and nucleolar localization signals. Throughout the open reading frame, we detected an additional eight mutations in TCS families and several polymorphisms. We postulate that TCS results from defects in a nucleolar trafficking protein that is critically required during human craniofacial development. 相似文献