腹腔镜X线联合经胆囊管胆总管网篮取石的探讨

目的：探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术时在X线透视下经胆囊管胆总管网篮取石的可行性。方法：2002年6月至2006年10月85例患者术前均经B超诊断为胆囊结石,伴胆总管扩张、胆总管结石。术中于腹腔镜下经胆囊管、胆总管造影,胆道镜取石网篮,在C臂机透视下用胆道镜网篮取石后经胆囊管取出。结果：85例患者经胆总管造影发现胆总管结石26例,经胆囊管胆总管网篮取石成功21例。3例因胆总管损伤中转开腹。2例腹腔镜下胆总管切开取石T管引流。结论：胆囊结石伴胆总管结石在X线透视下,正确掌握手术操作技巧,经胆囊管胆总管网篮取石可一次完成,术后效果满意。     

管扎式结肠肛管吻合术治疗低位直肠癌(附256例报告)

目的:评价管扎式结肠肛管吻合术治疗低位直肠癌的安全性和临床效果.方法:回顾性分析1991年10月至2005年12月共256例低位直肠癌行管扎式结肠肛管吻合术的临床资料.结果:无手术死亡,术后发生吻合漏1例,吻合口狭窄16例,术后肛门功能优良率96.7%,术后5年肿瘤局部复发13.1%,5年存活率为71.9%.结论:该法具有操作简单易行安全可靠,减少了吻合口漏的发生,适用于各级医院开展.     

兴奋胆碱能通路对内毒素血症和肠缺血/再灌注动物肝脏功能的保护作用

目的:观察不同方式激活胆碱能受体途径对内毒素血症和肠缺血/再灌注动物肝脏功能的保护作用.方法:静脉注射内毒素(LPS,10 mg/kg和5 mg/kg)复制大鼠内毒素血症模型(每组10只),肠系膜上动脉夹闭1 h后松夹复制肠缺血/再灌注模型(每组6只),兔肠系膜上动脉部分阻断后4 h恢复血流复制兔肠部分缺血/再灌注模型(每组5只).内毒素血症大鼠分别施与迷走神经刺激或电针副交感神经相关穴位(后三里穴),并分别设模型组、假手术组和迷走神经切断组或电针假穴组;肠缺血/再灌注动物经肠袋(距离回盲部15 cm处起始,向空肠端作一个长约10 cm肠袋,保留血液供应)给予卡巴胆碱(大鼠:0.1 mg/kg;兔:3μg/kg),并设假手术组和模型组.各组大鼠于实验结束时、各组兔于上动脉阻断0、2、4、6、8 h及1、2、3 d取股动脉血测定血浆丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)活性.结果:与模型组、迷走神经切断组或电针假穴组比较,采用迷走神经刺激或电针刺激副交感神经相关穴位(后三里穴)明显降低内毒素血症大鼠早期血浆ALT活性(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);肠缺血及再灌注后大鼠ALT明显升高,肠袋给予卡巴胆碱后ALT水平均有明显改善.肠袋输注卡巴胆碱兔血浆ALT活性在缺血/再灌注早期较缺血前增加,再灌注后逐渐恢复,伤后3 d基本接近正常水平,而模型组则逐渐升高.结论:通过刺激副交感神经或局部给予拟胆碱药的方式激活胆碱能受体途径对内毒素血症和肠缺血/再灌注动物肝脏功能具有不同程度的保护作用.     

膀胱出口梗阻后逼尿肌收缩蛋白表达和膀胱重量的改变

目的探讨膀胱出口梗阻(BOO)后逼尿肌收缩蛋白表达和膀胱重量的改变及意义。方法BOO组病人16例,筛选条件为入院诊断良性前列腺增生症(BPH)并经尿动力学压力-流率检查证实为高压低流型;对照组5例,为外伤等情况入院并排除有下尿路梗阻病史者。BOO组所有病例均行耻骨上经膀胱前列腺摘除术,术前B超检查测定膀胱重量和前列腺内外径比值,术中切取膀胱上壁组织2cm×1cm×1cm大小,标本行RT-PCR反应,检测膀胱逼尿肌中肌动蛋白和肌球蛋白mRNA的表达,并比较其与膀胱重量间的线性相关性。结果BOO组与对照组膀胱重量分别为(92.15±34.89)g和(56.08±20.35)g,(P<0.05);前列腺内外径比值分别为(0.57±0.16)和(0.18±0.06),(P<0.01);与对照组相比,BOO组肌动蛋白和肌球蛋白mRNA的表达量均有显著增加,分别为(40.32±59.67)×106和(6.59±5.62)×106,(P值均<0.01);且两者表达量与膀胱重量之间均有明显线性正相关性(P<0.05)。结论逼尿肌中肌动蛋白和肌球蛋白的表达与膀胱逼尿肌的功能状态密切相关。     

卡巴胆碱对多器官功能障碍综合征小鼠脏器功能和结构的保护作用

目的:观察卡巴胆碱(carbachol,Car)对酵母多糖致多器官功能障碍综合征(MODS)小鼠多脏器功能和结构损伤的防护作用。方法:采用腹腔注射酵母多糖的方法复制小鼠MODS模型。雄性C57BL/6小鼠随机分为正常对照组(n=10),MODS 6、24、48 h组(n=30)和MODS Car 6、24、48 h防治组(n=30)。MODS组在致伤后腹腔注入生理盐水;MODS Car防治组在致伤前24 h内分3次灌胃注入卡巴胆碱。观察酵母多糖致伤后早期(48h内)动物死亡率,检测各组血丙氨酸转氨酶活性、尿素氮和肌酐水平,镜下观察致伤后48 h动物肝、肺、肾、心等脏器的组织病理学改变。结果:在酵母多糖致伤后48h内,MODS组小鼠死亡率达26.6%,MODS Car防治组的小鼠死亡率为10.0%。MODS组小鼠血浆ALT、BUN和Cr在伤后6h升高,而同时间点经卡巴胆碱预处理的小鼠血浆ALT、BUN和Cr仅略有升高,明显低于MODS组。光镜下观察发现,MODS组小鼠肝脏、肺脏、肾脏和心脏发生明显的病理改变,主要表现为脏器实质细胞浊肿、变性,间质充血、水肿和炎性细胞浸润,而卡巴胆碱防治组小鼠上述病变明显减轻。结论:预防性给予卡巴胆碱可以降低MODS急性期动物的死亡率,减轻脏器功能和结构的损伤,对急性炎症期的脏器损伤具有保护作用。     

卵巢癌术后孤立性脾转移循证治疗一例

目的 借助循证医学的方法为一例临床罕见卵巢癌术后脾转移患者确定治疗目标和方案.方法 充分评估患者情况,提出临床问题,从Cochrane Library、CNKI、万方数据库、PubMed、Embase和ScienceDirect数据库检索相关证据,检索时间截至2009年10月.对所获证据进行评价,并结合医生经验及患者愿望制定治疗方案.结果 共检索出英文文献15篇,中文文献11篇.Cochrane数据库内尚无卵巢癌术后脾转移治疗方面的RCT,PubMed、Embase和ScienceDirect数据库含5篇综述类文章,CNKI和万方数据库含回顾性队列研究1篇,其余均为个例报道.综合分析检索结果,为患者制订相对合理方案,经20个月随访,该方案适合.结论 本例属罕见病例,虽然循证证据强度偏低,不能充分体现循证治疗的价值,但最终治疗结果 满意.本研究可为此类缺乏大型RCT的罕见病例运用循证思维诊治提供参考.     

Varicocele anatomy during subinguinal microsurgical varicocelectomy in Chinese men

Knowledge of subinguinal microsurgical varicocelectomy is of fundamental importance to ensure that varicocele is resolved and testicular function is preserved. Our study aimed to describe the number of veins, arteries and lymphatics in the subinguinal spermatic cord and to clarify their differences between two sides, between patients with different complaints and between varicoceles with different clinical grades. A total of 102 consecutive patients underwent 162 primary subinguinal microsurgical varicocelectomies, during which the number of vessels with different diameters was recorded. A mean number of 12.9 internal spermatic veins, 0.9 external spermatic veins, 1.8 internal spermatic arteries and 2.9 lymphatics were identified per cord. 88.2% of the internal spermatic arteries were surrounded by a dense complex of adherent veins. The external spermatic vein or veins were found in 49.4% of the cases. The mean number of medium (1–3 mm in diameter) internal spermatic veins on the left was larger than that on the right (P < 0.001). The mean number of medium internal spermatic veins in grade III varicocele was larger than that in grade I or grade II (P < 0.015). There was no significant anatomical difference between the men presenting for infertility, chronic testicular pain and both the two complaints.     

Impact of tension‐free vaginal tape procedure on dysfunctional voiding in women with stress urinary incontinence

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of dysfunctional voiding (DV) in female stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and its modification after tension‐free vaginal tape (TVT) procedure. Methods: Three hundred and sixty women with SUI were enrolled and underwent urodynamics from 2002 to 2008. DV was determined when non‐neurogenic detrusor‐sphincter dyssynergia occurred during voluntary voiding. It was further quantitatively analyzed using the tense/loose value, a parameter derived from external anal sphincter electromyogram. The distribution of other urodynamic variables was also evaluated. One hundred and fifty patients underwent the TVT procedure and forty of them were studied with urodynamics after surgery during follow up. Results: Overall, DV was diagnosed in ninety‐nine patients, with a prevalence of 27.5%. The functional profile length in SUI women with DV was significantly shorter than that in SUI women without DV (3.13 ± 0.76 vs 3.32 ± 0.65, P = 0.017). After the TVT procedure, the recovery of SUI between cases with and without DV showed no significant difference. The rate of DV state change after the surgery, namely from with to without DV or from without to with DV, significantly differed between the female patients with and without DV (66.7% vs 3.6%, P < 0.05) during follow up. The DV improved after the surgery in SUI women with DV. Conclusions: DV might represent a coexistent finding in women with SUI. The main difference of women with SUI and DV, as compared with those without DV, is a shortened functional profile length. In such cases, TVT procedure can improve DV along with the treatment of SUI.     

Factors affecting survival in adult patients with massive burns

Objective: To identify treatment-related factors associated with mortality in massively burned adult patients. Methods: This retrospective cohort study examined survival outcomes at a burn unit of 54 beds and 10 burn ICU beds, totaling 900 admissions per year. The cases of 102 adult patients, admitted consecutively from January 1993 to October 2007, with massive burns (burn area > 70% of the total body surface area, TBSA) were studied. Relevant variables were recorded from the initial injury and throughout the hospital course. Survival analysis, based on univariate and stepwise multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression, was performed to determine which variables predicted mortality. Results: The overall mortality rate was 30.4%. Burn size, severe inhalation injury, full-thickness burns, serum creatinine levels, inotropic support, platelet counts < 20,000 per mm³, sepsis and ventilator dependency were significantly associated with mortality as determined by univariate analysis. Only sepsis, ventilator dependency and platelet counts were significant independent predictors of mortality as determined by multivariate analysis. Conclusions: Sepsis, ventilator dependence (indicating severe respiratory complications), and low platelet counts (indicating thrombocytopenia) are associated with increased mortality risk in adult patients with massive burns. Methods should be sought to ameliorate these complications during treatment in burn-care units.     

婴儿先天性白内障术后硬性透气性接触镜与框架眼镜效果对比

目的比较硬性透气性角膜接触镜(RGPCL)与框架眼镜对婴儿先天性白内障术后无晶状体眼的矫正效果。方法本研究为前瞻性研究。收集3~12月龄婴儿先天性白内障术后无晶状体眼46例(72只眼)随机分为两组,A组为佩戴RGPCL者,20例(31只眼);B组为佩戴框架眼镜者,26例(41只眼)。术后进行视功能训练,随访12个月。比较两组效果。结果两组患儿术后12个月视力较术后1个月视力明显提高(A组:Z=-6.791,P=0.000;B组:Z=-7.427,P=0.000),术后12个月视力A组较B组提高更显著,差异具有统计学意义(Z=-3.496,P=0.000)。A组的眼球震颤缓解率为54.55%高于B组的25.00%,但两者之间差异无统计学意义(χ^2=2.135,P=0.144)。A组建立的双眼同时视者占55.56%高于B组的21.43%,但两者之间差异无统计学意义(χ^2=2.807,P=0.094)。术后屈光度和眼轴长度两组之间的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组均未见因佩戴而出现与视力相关的眼部并发症。结论RGPCL用于矫正婴儿先天性白内障术后无晶状体眼效果优于框架眼镜,能更好地改善患儿视力,有助于视功能的重建。