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31.
32.
William H. Cormier Akira Otani L. Sherilyn Cormier 《Cognitive therapy and research》1986,10(1):95-108
The present study assessed the effects of problem-solving (D'Zurilla & Goldfried, 1971) training on two problem-solving tasks. Sixty-one subjects were assigned randomly to and trained in one of the following groups: general orientation (GO)-problem definition (PD)-generation of alternatives (GA)-decision making (DM), GO-PD-GA, GO-PD-DM, GO-GA-DM, GO, and a control group. The six groups did not differ significantly at pretesting on the measures of selecting the best alternative solution and describing problem-solving behaviors used to solve problems. Training was significantly effective on selecting the best alternative solution for all groups compared with the control group at the time of posttesting. The GO-PD-GA-DM and GO-PD-DM groups described significantly more problem-solving behaviors than the GO-PD-GA, GO-GA-DM, and GO groups. All five treatment groups performed significantly better than the control group at the time of post-testing. At follow-up 1 month after posttesting, groups trained with the PD component selected significantly better alternatives than the groups without PD training. Groups trained with the DM component described significantly more problem-solving behaviors at follow-up than the groups trained without the DM component. 相似文献
33.
Luc G.T. Morris MD Theresa N. Tran MD Mark D. DeLacure MD 《Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery》2007,137(6):947-949
BACKGROUND: Minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) via thoracoscopy and laparoscopy have reduced the morbidity and mortality of total esophagectomy at experienced centers. MIE has not been evaluated in combination with major head and neck surgery, or in the otolaryngology literature. METHODS: Case series of 11 consecutive patients undergoing either open or MIE with an ablative neck procedure. RESULTS: Comparing 4 MIEs and 7 open operations, similar operative time, blood loss, and ICU and hospital length of stay were observed. There was one mortality in the open group. A 100% rate of major complications was observed in the MIE group. CONCLUSION: Our multidisciplinary team was unable to achieve improved outcomes in a series of head and neck surgical patients undergoing MIE. This result may represent an early stage of the learning curve for MIE, but may also be attributed to the escalated surgical requirements of head and neck patients. 相似文献
34.
P. Vereerstraeten Daniel Abramowicz Luc De Pauw Paul Kinnaert 《Transplant international》1998,11(5):378-381
The present single-center, retrospective study was undertaken to assess the impact of the Wujciak-Opelz allocation system
(XCOMB), currently used within Eurotransplant for renal allografts, on the incidence of early occurring rejection episodes
(RE). Implementation of the system resulted in an increase of HLA-DR mismatches (MM), while the incidence of HLA-A + B + DR
MM remained unchanged. During the 1st post-transplant month, the total number of RE, expressed per patient-months, increased
by 64 % (0.326 vs 0.199, P = 0.007); when considering only severe and irreversible RE, the increase was 76 % (0.158 vs 0.090, P = 0.011). In contrast, from the 2nd to the 12th post-transplant month, the incidence of RE, regardless of severity, was similar
before and after implementation of XCOMB. As early occurring RE have detrimental effects on long-term graft outcome, these
observations, if confirmed on a larger scale, would justify changes in the allocation algorithm.
Received: 13 February 1998 Received after revision: 29 April 1998 Accepted: 20 May 1998 相似文献
35.
36.
Summary The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between threshold points for heart rate (
) and blood lactate (Th1a) as determined by two objective mathematical models. The models used were the mono-segmental exponential (EXP) model of Hughson et al. and the log-log (LOG) model of Beaver et al. Inter-correlations of these threshold points and correlations with performance were also studied. Seventeen elite runners (mean, SD = 27.5, 6.5 years; 1.73, 0.05 m; 63.8, 7.3 kg; and maximum oxygen consumption of 67.8, 3.7 ml · kg–1 · min–1) performed two maximal multistage running field tests on a 183.9-m indoor track with inclined turns. The initial speed of 9 km · h–1 (2.5 m · s–1) was increased by 0.5 km · h–1 (0.14 m · s–1) every lap for thef
c test and by 1 km · h–1 (0.28 m · s–1) every 4 min for the la test. After fitting the la or thef
c data to the two mathematical models, the threshold speed was assessed in the LOG model from the intersection of the two linear segments (LOG-1a; LOG-f
c) and in the EXP model from a tangent point (TI-1a; TI-f
c). Th1a and
speeds computed with the two models were significantly different (P<0.001) and poorly correlated (LOG-1a vs LOG-f
c:r=0.36, TI-1a vs TI-f
c:r=0.13). In general,
were less well correlated with performance than Th1a. With two different objective mathematical models, this study has shown significant differences and poor correlations between Th1a and
. Thus thef
c inflection point with Conconi's protocol is a poor indicator of the la breakpoint with a conventional multistage protocol and a weaker indicator of running performance. 相似文献
37.
38.
Rojas OL González AM González R Pérez-Schael I Greenberg HB Franco MA Angel J 《Virology》2003,314(2):671-679
Using an intracellular cytokine assay, we recently showed that the frequencies of rotavirus (RV)-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells secreting INFgamma, circulating in RV infected and healthy adults, are very low compared to the frequencies of circulating cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactive T cells in comparable individuals. In children with acute RV infection, these T cells were barely or not detectable. In the present study, an ELISPOT assay enabled detection of circulating RV-specific INFgamma-secreting cells in children with RV diarrhea but not in children with non-RV diarrhea without evidence of a previous RV infection. Using microbead-enriched CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell subsets, IFNgamma-secreting RV-specific CD8(+) but not CD4(+) T cells were detected in recently infected children. Using the same approach, both CD4(+) and CD8(+) RV-specific T cells were detected in healthy adults. Furthermore, stimulation of purified subsets of PBMC that express lymphocyte homing receptors demonstrated that RV-specific INFgamma-secreting CD4(+) T cells from adult volunteers preferentially express the intestinal homing receptor alpha4beta7, but not the peripheral lymph node homing receptor L-selectin. In contrast, CMV-specific INFgamma-secreting CD4(+) T cells preferentially express L-selectin but not alpha4beta7. These results suggest that the expression of homing receptors on virus-specific T cells depends on the organ where these cells were originally stimulated and that their capacity to secrete INFgamma is independent of the expression of these homing receptors. 相似文献
39.
Renate A. Morawetz G. Paolo Rizzardi Didier Glauser Olivier Rutschmann Bernard Hirschel Luc Perrin Milos Opravil Markus Flepp Jan von Overbeck Michel P. Glauser Silvia Ghezzi Elisa Vicenzi Guido Poli Adriano Lazzarin 《European journal of immunology》1997,27(12):3223-3227
Homozygous (Δccr5/Δccr5) and heterozygous (CCR5/Δccr5) deletions in the β-chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) gene, which encodes for the major co-receptor for macrophage-tropic HIV-1 entry, have been implicated in resistance to HIV infection and in protection against disease progression, respectively. The CCR5/Δccr5 genotype was found more frequently in long-term nonprogressors (LTNP) (31.0%) than in progressors (10.6%, p < 0.0001), in agreement with previous studies. Kaplan-Meier survival analyses showed that a slower progression of disease, i.e. higher proportion of subjects with CD4+ T cell counts >500/μl (p = 0.0006) and a trend toward a slower progression to AIDS (p = 0.077), was associated with the CCR5/Δccr5 genotype. However, when LTNP were analyzed separetely, no significant differences in CD4+ T cell counts (p = 0.12) and viremia levels (p = 0.65) were observed between the wild-type (69 % of LTNP) and the heterozygous (31.0 %) genotypes. Therefore, there are other factors which play a major role in determining the status of nonprogression in the majority of LTNP. Furthermore, there was no evidence that the CCR5/Δccr5 genotype was associated with different rates of disease progression in the group of progressors. Taken together, these results indicate that the CCR5/Δccr5 genotype is neither essential nor sufficient for protection against the progression of HIV disease. 相似文献
40.