鲁格氏棒横突固定法的实验研究和临床应用

取10具新鲜成年雄性家猪的脊柱标本,分两组观察鲁格氏棒经椎管行椎板固定和鲁格氏棒经横突椎板固定时,受破坏性屈曲力的数据,结果显示鲁格氏棒经椎管固定组在达1048.6（±20）N时,所固定的椎板发生骨折,部分钢丝断裂;鲁格氏棒经横突固定组达2058（±20）N时,仅发生棒弯曲,未发现任何部位骨折或钢丝断裂。临床治疗33例不稳定胸腰椎骨折脱位患者,术后X线片示骨折脱位复位满意,两周后患者可离床活动,随访2～2.5年未发现任何并发症。     

Randomized placebo-controlled trial comparing montelukast and cetirizine for treating perennial allergic rhinitis in children aged 2–6 yr

Leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRAs) were recently added to the method of treating allergic rhinitis (AR). However, in children under 6 yr old, there has been no study about its efficacy in treating AR. We aim to compare the clinical efficacy of montelukast, cetirizine and placebo in the treatment of children from 2 to 6 yr old with perennial allergic rhinitis (PAR), to see if there are any significant differences. Sixty children were selected and treated with montelukast, or cetirizine, or placebo once daily. The efficacy of the three agents was compared with the Pediatric Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (PRQLQ) and Total Symptom Score (TSS) by diary. In addition, we also examined serum IgE, serum eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), blood eosinophil counts, nasal airway resistance (NAR) and eosinophil percentage in nasal smears. The results revealed that both montelukast and cetirizine were significantly efficacious compared with placebo in NAR, eosinophil percentage in nasal smears, PRQLQ, TSS and all symptom items except nasal itching, throat itching and tearing. For nasal itching, only cetirizine was significantly efficacious. On the other hand, for night sleep quality, montelukast was significantly superior to cetirizine.     

Optical performance of the super-reversed intraocular lens.

We compared the aniseikonia, Seidel aberrations, spot diagrams, and peripheral refractive power errors of a schematic eye with a super-reversed intraocular lens (IOL) and with conventional IOLs. The results did not indicate that the super-reversed IOL performs better optically than the other IOLs, primarily because of its poorer on-axis image performance. However, this disadvantage can be overcome by aspherizing the super-reversed IOL.     

血吸虫病肝硬变伴症状性胆结石患者腹腔镜胆囊切除

目的 探讨血吸虫病肝硬化伴症状性胆结石患者腹腔镜胆囊切除(LC)的效果。方法 回顾性分析4年来我院血吸虫病性肝硬化伴胆囊结石行胆囊切除术265例的临床资料。行LC的74例，与常规开腹手术(OC)组进行对比，比较两组术中出血量、手术时间、住院时间、并发症、术后恢复情况等。结果 手术平均时间LC组为63min，OC组为53min；平均术后住院时间LC组为1．2d，OC组为8．9d；平均手术出血量LC组为15．6ml，OC组为85ml；LC组中转手术6例(8．1％)，无1例发生并发症；OC组术后胆漏1例。结论 血吸虫病性肝硬化胆结石患者只要严格掌握腹腔镜手术适应证，采取正确的手术操作方法，LC是安全可行的。     

掌背动脉蒂逆行掌骨瓣移位治疗指骨骨折不连接

为设计以掌背动脉为蒂的逆行掌骨瓣移位，对１２侧新鲜成人上肢标本进行解剖观察，发现手的掌背动脉在指蹼处与指革侧总动脉有恒定的吻合支．并发出１～３条小分支至２～５掌骨基底部．临床应用掌背动脉蒂逆行掌骨瓣移位治疗指骨骨折不连接６例，掌骨瓣最大１．２ｃｍ×０．５ｃｍ×０．５ｃｍ，最小０．７ｃｍ×０．５ｃｍ×０．５ｃｍ。指骨均在２．５～３个月内骨性愈合，经术后８～１０个月随访，按ＴＡＭ标准评价，关节功能恢复优良率达８０％．本术式提供有血运的活骨，加速骨折愈合，为治疗指骨骨折不连接提供了一个好的手术方法．     

一次手术治愈外直肌全麻痹

过去，为了保证前段的血液供应，外直肌全麻痹的手术治疗要分２～３次完成，考虑到全麻痹的外直肌已无功能，我们提出在这种条件下可以不动含睫状前动脉的外直肌，只退后内直肌和将上，下直肌的外侧１／２移到外直肌的附着处，如此安排，可以一次手术完成治疗，这样可以缩短治疗时间，减少病人的痛苦和负担，我们治疗了７例８眼，结果比较满意。     

广西毛南族农村妇女铁营养状况调查

对450名广西环江县毛南族农村育龄妇女进行血清铁蛋白(SF)、红细胞游离原卟啉(FEP)及血红蛋白(Hb)3项铁指标测定.结果发现:铁缺乏症患病率为27.8%(其中ID4.2%,IDE 7.8%,IDA 15.8%).随着孕次或产次的增加,血红蛋白水平逐渐下降,铁缺乏症患病率逐渐增高.有妊娠或分娩史的妇女与未孕或未生育的妇女血红蛋白水平与铁缺乏症患病率比较均有显著性差异(P<0.05).     

Comparison between laser and electrical ablation of ventricle in dogs: Hemodynamic,pathologic and electrocardiographic observations

Summary To characterize and compare the pathologic, hemodynamic and electrocardiographic changes of both transeatheter laser and electrical energy on ventricle, 33 subendocardial myocardium lesions were induced at energy 60, 120 and 240 Joules by either transcatheter laser irradiation or electrical shock in 7 anesthetized dogs. The following results were observed: 1) Both laser and electrical ablation on myocardium created nonhomogeneous myocardium injury, but laser ablation caused mainly focal tissue vaporization and necrosis, while electrical shock induced widespread tissue degenerations; 2) Both laser and electrical induced-lesion dimensions increased parallel to the total dosage of energy; 3) Laser ablation caused mainly (90%) single ventricular premature beats and 86 % of them occurred within the first minute after energy discharged, while ventricular tachycardias were found in any electrical energy groups; ventricular fibrillations occurring during laser and electrical ablation were 5 % and 13 % respectively (P< 0.01): 4) A decrease in aortic blood pressure and an increase in central verous pressure induced by laser ablation were significantly less than that produced by the same amount of electrical energy (P<0.0l). Our preliminary results have shown that transeatheter laser ablation has great potential for becoming a practical method in the management of refractory tachycardias.     

生产车间的蟑螂侵害率及防制措施研究

本文对上海市区35个生产车间的蟑螂侵害率进行调查,观察到生产性车间有黑胸大蠊及美洲大蠊两种,侵害率达58.85%。在20个有蟑螂的车间内都有黑胸大蠊栖息,平均密度10.65只/m~2;而美洲大蠊仅见于8个车间,聚集性较强,平均密度达38.50只/m~2。对较干燥车间或地下室用1%乙酰甲胺磷糖水毒杀蟑螂,24h杀灭率达95.89%。