抗心磷脂抗体与原因不明胎儿宫内生长迟缓的关系

用酶联免疫吸附法（ＥＬＩＳＡ）检测胎儿宫内生长迟缓（ＩＵＧＲ）孕妇血清抗心磷脂抗体（ＡＣＡ）,探讨ＩＵＧＲ与ＡＣＡ的相关性。结果显示：①ＩＵＧＲ组与正常妊娠组比较,ＡＣＡＩｇＭ和ＡＣＡＩｇＡ结合指数显著增高（Ｐ＜０．０５）。②ＩＵＧＲ组ＡＣＡＩｇＭ增高与其Ｃ３及Ｃ４下降呈负相关（ｒ＝－０．４１０８,－０．４０９２,Ｐ＜０．０５）。提示ＡＣＡ的产生参与了ＩＵＧＲ的发病过程,其检测有助于ＩＵＧＲ的早期诊治     

缺血预处理减轻在体肺缺血再灌注损伤

３０ 只日本雄性大耳兔,随机等分为２ 组。缺血预处理组先采用左肺门阻断１０ ｍｉｎ ,开放再灌注１５ ｍｉｎ 的肺缺血预处理,然后阻断左肺门６０ ｍｉｎ ,开放再灌注６０ ｍｉｎ ,对照组未采用预处理。结果示在再灌注后６０ ｍｉｎ ,预处理组血中血管紧张素Ⅱ含量、动脉氧分压及肺组织中超氧化物歧化酶含量较对照组明显增加,而平均肺动脉压和肺组织的丙二醛含量及肺泡损伤较对照组明显减低。提示缺血预处理能减轻在体兔肺缺血再灌注损伤。     

丹参对耳蜗辐射防护作用的实验研究

为探讨内耳辐射损伤的防治,采用丹参作为保护药物,用相同剂量的６０Ｃｏ γ射线照射丹参防护组和单纯放射组豚鼠耳颞部,２ 周后作形态与机能检查。结果发现：丹参防护组耳蜗机能与结构损害较轻,而单纯放射组耳蜗机能明显受损,血管纹和柯替氏器病变严重;复合动作电位（ＣＡＰ） 反应阈和毛细胞损伤率两组比较差异有显著性（ Ｐ ＜ ０ ．０１） 。表明丹参对内耳辐射损伤有保护作用。     

射频热疗联合α-受体阻滞剂治疗前列腺增生症的前瞻性研究

探讨体外射频热疗联合α受体阻滞剂治疗前列腺增生症（ＢＰＨ）的安全性及近、远期疗效。方法采用随机对照方法。将９０例有症状的ＢＰＨ患者,随机分为３组,各３０例。分别接受热疗（Ⅰ组）、受体阻滞剂（Ⅱ组）和热疗联合受体阻滞剂（Ⅲ组）等治疗。在１８个月的随访期中,分期观察、比较各组的主、客观疗效。结果Ⅲ组近期（６个月以内）的主、客观疗效显著优与Ⅰ、Ⅱ组,远期疗效（６个月以上）优与Ⅰ组,但与Ⅱ组相当。结论体外射频热疗联合α受体阻滞剂是一种安全、简单和完全非侵入性的方法,对症状严重而无法手术的ＢＰＨ患者,尤其适用。     

经输血传播病毒的前瞻性调查

目的了解我国供血员、受血者中经输血传播病毒（ＴＴＶ）感染率,及经输血传播ＴＴＶ的发生率。方法对１３０例输血者进行ＴＴＶ以及ＨＢＶ和ＨＣＶ血清标志物检测,其相应的供血者也检查ＴＴＶ。结果３４０例供血员中有３６例（１０．６％）可检测到ＴＴＶ－ＤＮＡ。１３０例受血者输血前有１１例（８．５％）ＴＴＶ阳性,其余１１９例输血后有１８例ＴＴＶ转为阳性,在他们的供血中至少可查到一份ＴＴＶ阳性。４６例输血后肝炎病毒感染者中,其中有４５例为ＨＣＶ感染（包括７例与ＴＴＶ混合感染）,２例为ＨＢＶ感染（包括与ＨＣＶ、ＴＴＶ混合感染各１例）。ＴＴＶ与ＨＢＶ混合感染以及７例ＴＴＶ与ＨＣＶ混合感染中有３例的受血者ＡＬＴ＞９０Ｕ／Ｌ,但是１０例单纯ＴＴＶ感染者,仅有２例伴有轻微的ＡＬＴ增高。结论供血员及住院病人中有较高的ＴＴＶ感染率,单纯ＴＴＶ感染与ＡＬＴ显著升高似乎并无关联。     

CT colonography: value of scanning in both the supine and prone positions

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of CT colonography when patients were imaged in both the supine and prone positions. We evaluated whether imaging in two positions decreased the number of collapsed colonic segments and increased sensitivity for polyp detection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-three patients underwent CT colonography in both the supine and prone positions. Colonic distention for each of the 46 scans was graded. Adequacy of distention for either position alone was compared with that of the combination of the two positions. Polyp data revealed by colonoscopy were reviewed, and the CT data were then retrospectively reviewed for polyp detection. RESULTS: When each scan was considered alone without benefit of the scan obtained in the opposite position, 27 (58.7%) of 46 scans showed inadequate distention. When scans obtained in both positions were considered together, 20 (87.0%) of 23 patients had adequate distention with the grading system used. However, this value increased to 23 (100%) of 23 patients when the reasons for inadequate distention in the three patients were considered. Of the 27 polyps detected with colonoscopy, 21 (77.8%) were also detected retrospectively with CT colonography. Colonoscopy showed 20 polyps that were 5 mm or larger; nineteen (95.0%) of these 20 polyps were also detected retrospectively with CT colonography, nine (47.4%) of which were seen in only one position. CONCLUSION: Use of both the supine and prone positions for patients undergoing CT colonography improves evaluation of the colon and increases sensitivity for polyp detection.     

The incidence of T2-weighted MR imaging signal abnormalities in the brain of cocaine-dependent patients is age-related and region-specific.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Cocaine and its metabolites can produce vasospasm, and cocaine-dependent patients are at increased risk for stroke. Based on previous case reports, we hypothesized that the incidence of hyperintense brain lesions observed on T2-weighted MR images would also be increased in asymptomatic cocaine-dependent individuals. METHODS: Sixty-two male "crack" (smoked) cocaine-dependent participants ranging in age from 25 to 66 years were compared with 116 normal male control participants ranging in age from 25 to 80 years. Those with histories of neurologic symptoms or illnesses were excluded. The severity of hyperintense lesions was rated on a 0- to 3-point scale, and ratings of 3 were used in the data analysis as an indicator of a probable pathologic process. Three regions were separately rated: the cerebral white matter, insular subcortex white matter, and subcortical gray matter (basal ganglia and thalamus region). RESULTS: Significantly increased risk of severe lesions was observed in the two white matter regions of the cocaine-dependent group (odds ratio of 16.7 and 20.3) but not in the subcortial gray matter region (odds ratio of 1.4). In the insula subcortex white matter, the risk of lesions increased with age in the cocaine-dependant sample, but remained essentially absent among normal controls through the age of 80 years. In the cerebral white matter, the relationship of age and risk of lesion among normal participants was similar in shape to that in cocaine-dependent participants, but equivalent risk was seen 20 years earlier among cocaine-dependent participants. CONCLUSIONS: Cocaine-dependent participants had a significantly increased age-related risk of white matter damage. The possible clinical implications of this damage are discussed.     

原发性胆囊癌抑癌基因P53蛋白表达及其意义

目的 探讨抑癌基因Ｐ＾５３蛋白在原发性胆囊癌的表达及意义。方法 采用免疫组织化学方法检测了６０例原发性胆囊癌抑癌基因Ｐ＾５３蛋白的表达。结果 胆囊癌肿瘤细胞Ｐ＾５３蛋白的阳性反应率为３３．３％（２０／６０）,慢性胆囊炎及癌旁正常粘阳性反应率均为０,两者比较差异有显著意义（Ｐ〈０．００５）。结论 Ｐ＾５３蛋白的表达与肿瘤的分化程度有一定的关系,低分化胆囊腺癌中Ｐ＾５３蛋白阳性表达率明显高于高分化腺襄     

Cartilage and synovium of the peroneocuboid joint: an anatomic and histological study

The surface area, thickness, and composition of the articular cartilage of the peroneocuboid articulation and the location of the synovium were investigated in 15 cadaver foot specimens. The articulations of the medial side of the peroneus longus tendon and lateral side of the cuboid were covered with fibrous and hyaline cartilages, respectively. On the lateral tuberosity of the cuboid, there is a facet that has 79.37+/-20.24 mm2 articular cartilage area with an oval shape to conform to that of the articular surface of the peroneus longus tendon (articular cartilage area, 67.35+/-28.53 mm2) with which it articulates. The mean thickness of the articular cartilage of the peroneus longus tendon and cuboid was 0.34+/-0.08 and 0.52+/-0.07 mm, respectively. The peroneocuboid joint has its own joint capsule. The synovial cavity does not communicate with the sheath of the peroneus longus tendon. Synovial membranes were attached to the margins of the articular surfaces of the cuboid immediately peripheral to the cartilage region.     

Leptin-induced increase in sympathetic nervous and cardiovascular tone is mediated by proopiomelanocortin (POMC) products

The mechanism underlying the leptin-induced increased sympathetic nerve activity and cardiovascular tone was investigated in normal rats. The melanocortin (MC) peptides and other fragments derived from proopiomelancortin (POMC) have a diverse array of biological activities and have been implicated in mediating the feeding behavioral responses to leptin. In this study we evaluated the possible involvement of two major products of POMC, alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) and beta-endorphin, in mediating the effects of leptin on sympathetic activity and mean arterial pressure (MAP) in normal rats. Intraventricular (i.c.v.) cannulas were implanted in normal rats and allowed to recover. On the day of the study the animals were anesthetized with urethane alpha-chloralose and instrumented for the recording of MAP, lumbar sympathetic nerve activity (LSNA), and heart rate (HR). To determine the correlation between the leptin response and the POMC products, alpha-MSH and beta-endorphins were also injected into the lateral ventricle. alpha-MSH acted to increase MAP and LSNA while beta-endorphin decreased these parameters. Leptin administration by i.c.v. cannula increased the MAP and LSNA in normal rats. The i.c.v. administration of agouti protein, an alpha-MSH receptor antagonist, prior to leptin infusion blocked this response. Likewise, pretreatment with naloxone a beta-endorphin receptor antagonist also blocked the response to leptin. From these studies we conclude that the acute increased LSNA and MAP in response to i.c.v. leptin may be mediated by increased POMC and its subsequent production of breakdown product alpha-MSH and/or beta-endorphin and it is the subsequent action of alpha-MSH that increases MAP and LSNA by activation of the MC4 receptor. The naloxone antagonism of the leptin response is likely due to the blockade of presynaptic opioid inhibition of the MC4 receptor-mediated pressor response.