人脂肪间充质干细胞的分离培养及其遗传稳定性

背景:研究发现脂肪间充质干细胞核型具有不稳定性,且干细胞移植后长期安全评价等问题尚未从根本上得到解决.目的:观察体外分离培养的人脂肪间充质干细胞传代培养的遗传稳定性.设计、时间及地点:细胞学体外观察,于2008-03/11在解放军兰州军区兰州总医院骨科研究中心完成.材料:成人腹部大网膜脂肪组织来源于单纯性阑尾炎患者,由解放军兰州军区兰州总医院普通外科提供.方法:胶原酶消化法体外分离培养人脂肪间充质干细胞,加入含体积分数为10%胎牛血清的HG-DMEM培养基吹打细胞沉淀,过滤后于37℃、体积分数为5%的CO2饱和湿度条件下培养,待细胞生长至70%～80%融合时消化传代.分别取第3,25,30代脂肪间充质干细胞进行相关指标检测.主要观察指标:脂肪间充质干细胞表面标志表达、细胞增殖、核型分析、超微结构电镜观察、恶性肿瘤特异性生长因子的表达.结果:第3代脂肪间充质干细胞CD13,CD44,CD59均呈阳性表达,而造血干细胞表面标志CD34及成纤维细胞表面标志HLA-DR均呈阴性表达:染色体的形态、结构和数目均未见异常,呈二倍体结构;镜下可见完整的高尔基复合体,数量较多的粗面内质网,部分糖元颗粒分布在胞浆中.第25代脂肪间充质干细胞分裂增殖作用强于第3代脂肪间充质干细胞;多条染色体出现断裂畸变,并且染色体数目出现异常,呈亚二倍体或超二倍体核型;核仁增大,异染色质及线粒体数量增多,内质网数量少,细胞较为幼稚.第3,25,30代脂肪间充质干细胞恶性肿瘤特异性生长因子的表达吸光度值无明显差异(P>0.05).结论:分离获得的人脂肪间充质干细胞长期体外培养具有遗传不稳定性,有向肿瘤细胞突变的倾向.     

构建职业特色校园文化 培养高职学生职业精神

职业教育的健康发展和蓬勃兴旺首先依赖于职业精神的发扬光大。职业精神是与人们的职业活动紧密联系,具有自身职业特征的精神,它能鲜明地表达职业根本利益以及职业责任、职业行为上的精神要求。其基本要素有职业理想、职业态度、职业责任、职业技能、职业精神、职业良心、职业信誉和职业作风等。对于高职学生职业精神的培养,     

Acrylamide does not induce tumorigenesis or major defects in mice in vivo

Chronic administration of acrylamide has been shown to induce thyroid tumors in rat. In vitro acrylamide also causes DNA damage, as demonstrated by the comet assay, in various types of cells including human thyroid cells and lymphocytes, as well as rat thyroid cell lines. In this work, mice were administered acrylamide in their drinking water in doses comparable with those used in rats, i.e., around 3-4 mg/kg per day for mice treated 2, 6, and 8 months. Some of the mice were also treated with thyroxine (T(4)) to depress the activity of the thyroid. Others were treated with methimazole that inhibits thyroid hormone synthesis and consequently secretion and thus induces TSH secretion and thyroid activation. These moderate treatments were shown to have their known effect on the thyroid (e.g. thyroid hormone and thyrotropin serum levels, thyroid gland morphology...). Besides, T(4) induced an important polydipsia and degenerative hypertrophy of adrenal medulla. Acrylamide exerted various discrete effects and at high doses caused peripheral neuropathy, as demonstrated by hind-leg paralysis. However, it did not induce thyroid tumorigenesis. These results show that the thyroid tumorigenic effects of acrylamide are not observed in another rodent species, the mouse, and suggest the necessity of an epidemiological study in human to conclude on a public health policy.     

阿莫西林／克拉维酸钾联合阿奇霉素治疗社区获得性肺炎的临床疗效分析

目的探讨阿莫西林／克拉维酸钾联合阿奇霉素治疗社区扶得性肺炎（Community acquired pneumorlia，CAP）的临床疗效。方法60例CAP患者，随机分治疗组和对照组各30例。治疗组予以国产阿莫西林／克拉维酸钾1．2g静滴bid＋阿奇霉素胶囊0．5口服qd。对照组单以国产阿莫西林／克拉维酸钾1．2g静滴bid，疗程均为7天，其他治疗两组相似。观察治疗前后两组痰培养，临床症状，体征和细菌学的疗效。结果两组治疗前痰培养，临床症状，体征的基本情况无显著性差异，阿莫西林／克拉维酸钾联合阿舒霉素组治疗组治疗后痰培养清除率78．95％，临床有效率66．67％，对照组治疗后痰培养清除率40．00％，临床有效率45．83％，显示治疗组临床和细菌学的疗效优于对照组。结论阿莫西林／克拉维酸钾联合阿奇霉素治疗社区获得性肺炎可作为一种选择。     

成都地区心血管病高尿酸血症及相关因素—7288例人群分析

背景 过去认为中国人高尿酸血症及痛风较少，近年临床发现高尿酸血症不少见，且有增多趋势，可能与生活方式改变有关。本研究目的是观察人群中当前高尿酸血症状况及其有关因素。对象与方法 采用整群抽样，对成都市区有代表性人群进行人口统计资料，社会经济状况，体重指数（BMI＝体重kg/身高m^2)血压及某些危险因素综合调查。本研究是危险因素系列研究中有关血尿酸及其有关因素部分，对象为18－80岁，7288例长年居住成都年以上人群。结果 本研究人群平均血尿酸水平为332．5μmol/L（男性373．9μmol/L明显高于女性286．6μmol/L，P＜0．01），以≥428μmol/L为高尿酸血症。本组高尿酸血症男性19．8％，女性5．1％，总计13．2％，男性为女性危险之3．9倍，血尿酸水平受高血压影响大，随血压增加而明显增加，不同血尿酸水平时伴随的危险因素亦不同，与多数危险因素（如血压，胆固醇，甘油三酯等）明显相关。在双变量与多变量回归分析中均证实上述观察结果。结论 高尿酸目前在中国（成都）人群并不少见，且有进一步增加趋势，血尿酸常与多种危险因素伴随，支持某些专家及研究提出的尿酸可能为重要心血管病危险因素的假说，应予重视。正常，合理及异常尿酸水平，尚待在研究得证据的基础上获得共识。     

同型半胱氨酸及其相关酶基因多态性与糖尿病周围神经病变的关系

研究对象为 2型糖尿病 (DM )有周围神经病变组 (60例 )、2型DM无周围神经病变组 (4 6例 )和正常对照组 (5 0例 )。分别测定 3组血浆同型半胱氨酸 (Hcy) ,血清叶酸、维生素B12 水平及Hcy代谢关键酶亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶 (MTHFR)的基因型。结果显示 ,高Hcy及低叶酸、维生素B12 水平与 2型DM患者伴发周围神经病变相关 ,而MTHFR的基因多态性只与DM有关而与DM周围神经病变无相关性。     

大鼠脑出血后蛋白激酶C同工酶和细胞内钙离子与细胞凋亡的关系

目的 探讨大鼠脑出血后不同时间点血肿周围神经细胞蛋白激酶C（PKC）同工酶（nPKCδ和cPKCγ）、细胞内游离钙浓度与细胞凋亡之间的关系及其意义.方法 将36只成年健康Wistar大鼠,随机分为正常对照组和脑出血后0.5、6、24、72、120h组,每组6只大鼠.采用胶原酶法制备大鼠脑出血模型,利用免疫组化观察PKC同工酶的表达,Fura-2/AM荧光探针法检测细胞内游离钙浓度,TUNEL法检测细胞凋亡.结果 脑出血后血肿周围nPKCδ、cPKCγ表达及细胞内游离钙变化与细胞凋亡数呈正相关,各指标大致为0.5h开始增加,6～24h达高峰,72h开始下降,120 h明显下降（r分别为0.970、0.984,P均＜0.01）.结论 脑出血后血肿周围nPKCδ、cPKCγ表达上调和细胞内钙超载与神经细胞凋亡关系密切,提示细胞信号转导途径异常可能参与了脑出血后神经细胞损伤的病理生理学过程.     

Determinants of work among older adults in urban China

Objective: We examined the role of personal, family and institutional factors on the work status of older adults in urban China. Method: The analysis was based on data from a large population survey (N = 7381) of community‐dwelling urban Chinese aged 60 years and older. Multivariate logistic regression was used to model work status. Results: Demographic variables such as gender, ethnicity, age and self‐perceived health status were identified as important determinants of work status. Having material assets, savings, a public pension and health insurance were all negatively correlated with remaining in the workforce, whereas earning a high income was positively correlated. Conclusions: Our findings have implications regarding the impact of health policy and pension reform on employment retention. While economic growth may create an incentive for some to continue working, the lack of widespread public and private old‐age support may force others to remain in the workforce out of economic necessity.     

先天性心脏病介入治疗与外科治疗临床比较

目的:对房间隔缺损(ASD)、室间隔缺损(VSD)的介入治疗(Amplatzer封堵器)和外科手术治疗的临床疗效进行比较。方法:2004年5月至12月住院患儿,符合单一左向右分流畸形ASD或VSD,根据治疗方法不同分为介入组和手术组;比较2组在疗效、费用、并发症、输血量及住院时间等方面的异同;通过放免法测定2组治疗前后的心钠素(ANP)水平。结果:2组手术成功率均为100%;介入组均未输血,手术组均输血治疗(P<0·01);术后住院时间介入组少于手术组(P<0·01);治疗费用介入组高于手术组(P<0·01);ANP水平、外科手术及介入治疗后均较治疗前降低。结论:单一ASD、VSD的介入治疗与手术治疗临床效果相同;介入组不需输血,术后住院时间短,但治疗费用较昂贵。     

Apoptosis pathway of liver cells in chronic hepatitis

AIM: To study the pathway of apoptosis in chronic liver disease and the role of mitochondria in programmed cell death.METHODS: Liver biopsy specimens from 72 cases of chronic hepatitis and 29 cases of post hepatitis cirrhosis were studied. The pro-apoptotic protein Fas, FasL, Bax and the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, Bcl-2α were studied immunohistochemically by SP method. Specimens from 15 cases of chronic hepatitis and post hepatitis cirrhosis were examined for their ultramicrostructures with special attention to their mitochondrial changes. Specimens from 3 normal adults (demised in traffic accidents) were used as control.RESULTS: The expression of proapoptotic proteins (Fas, FasL, Bax) in hepatocytes was significantly higher in the chronic hepatitis group than in the cirrhosis group (P&lt;0.001). In the study of ultramicrostructure 364 hepatocytes were examined, from 12 cases of chronic hepatitis (including 10 mild cases, 1 moderate case and 1 severe case). Out of 364 hepatocytes 40 (11.0%) hepatocytes were found with various kinds of destruction in their mitochondria. Rupture of the outer membrane of mitochondria and the leakage of matrix from the intermembrane space were definitely demonstrated. The ultramicrostructural changes of mitochondria in the chronic hepatitis group were statistically higher than that in normal adults control group(X^2=4.32, P&lt;0.05). CONCLUSION: The result of the study was in support of the current view that the apoptotic process in chronic hepatitis patients were largely along the intrinsic pathway (mitochondrial pathway), given that the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways could interlinked (converged) at some point on their progression, also it is impossible at present to exclude the possibility that the two pathways could be chosen by hepatocytes in parallel simultaneously.