螺旋CT及CAD技术在人工关节定制设计中的应用研究

随着生物医用材料研制和医学的迅速发展，以及生活水平、医疗保健、康复水平的提高，人们对自身组织、器官及骨骼缺损的修复和置换方面的要求日益提高，尤其对人造骨骼和人工关节的需求越来越广泛。由于计算机断层成像技术CT（computed tomography）已经成为显示和研究人体内部结构非常有用的手段，将计算机辅助设计技术CAD（Computer aided design）和计算机辅助工程CAE（Computer aided Engineering）等相关技术应用于人造骨骼和内置假体的设计，不仅可以提高产品的设计质量，同时，结合CT和计算机三维重建方法，     

1126例住院心脏病病人病因分析

目的 回顾性分析1126例住院心脏病病人的病因,为今后防治工作提供初步依据.方法 收集2000年1月～2004年12月住我科的心脏病病人的病历资料,用回顾性方法进行统计分析.结果 1126例心脏病病人的病因分别是高心病(34.2%)、冠心病(18.0%)、肺心病(13.7%)、联合性心脏病(11.9%)、扩心病(7.8%)、风心病(5.8%)、退行性心脏瓣膜病(3.9%)、急性病毒性心肌炎(2.8%),先心病(1.9%).结论 今后防治工作重点在于实施有效的高血压病和冠心病的防治,还要重视慢性肺心病和风心病的防治.     

Functional imaging studies in cannabis users.

Cannabis remains the most widely used illegal drug in the United States. This update examines the available literature on neuroimaging studies of the brains of cannabis users. The majority of studies examining the acute effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) administration used PET methods and concluded that administration of THC leads to increased activation in frontal and paralimbic regions and the cerebellum. These increases in activation are broadly consistent with the behavioral effects of the drug. Although there is only equivocal evidence that chronic cannabis use might result in structural brain changes, blood-oxygenation-level-dependent-fMRI studies in chronic users consistently show alterations, or neuroadaptation, in the activation of brain networks responsible for higher cognitive functions. It is not yet certain whether these changes are reversible with abstinence. Given the high prevalence of cannabis use among adolescents, studies are needed to evaluate whether cannabis use might affect the developing brain. Considerable further work, employing longitudinal designs, is also required to determine whether cannabis use causes permanent functional alterations in the brains of adults.     

The impact of cystic fibrosis on recovery from orthopedic trauma: A case study

Cystic Fibrosis has effects on many body systems, including the skeletal system. In this case, we describe the impact of respiratory and endocrine disease on bone healing following orthopedic trauma in a 22-year-old woman. Limitations to mobility resulting from trauma complicated her respiratory condition. Disease-related effects on bone health and healing delayed her recovery from the trauma. It is important to recognize the multisystemic nature of CF, even when managing acute orthopedic injuries.     

曼氏血吸虫与日本血吸虫交叉免疫原性的血清学实验研究

以曼氏血吸虫的虫卵和成虫免疫家兔后所产生的特异性抗体,可用以日本血吸虫虫卵、尾蚴和成虫为抗原分别进行的COP,CHR和ELACIEP测出,表明两种人体血吸虫存有显著的交叉抗原成分。应用此种血清交叉反应性,以检测抗异种人体血吸虫的抗体,似有效而可取的,可用以辅助诊断援外回国人员是否感染国外人体血吸虫病。     

白术、枳实、玫瑰花挥发油-β-环糊精包合物的制备工艺研究

目的确定白术、枳实、玫瑰花挥发油-β-环糊精包合物的最佳包合工艺。方法采用正交试验法,对挥发油与β-环糊精的包合进行3因素3水平考察。结果挥发油与β-CD投料比为1:9,β-CD与加水量的比为9:100倍,包合时间为4h,包合率为85.3%。结论用此法得到的挥发油-β-环糊精包合物的包合率较高,包合物性质稳定,而且包合操作简单。     

Associations between street connectivity and active transportation

Background  

Past studies of associations between measures of the built environment, particularly street connectivity, and active transportation (AT) or leisure walking/bicycling have largely failed to account for spatial autocorrelation of connectivity variables and have seldom examined both the propensity for AT and its duration in a coherent fashion. Such efforts could improve our understanding of the spatial and behavioral aspects of AT. We analyzed spatially identified data from Los Angeles and San Diego Counties collected as part of the 2001 California Health Interview Survey.     

Conserved sequence of the TgsGP gene in Group 1 Trypanosoma brucei gambiense

The trypanosome responsible for the majority of cases of human trypanosomiasis in Africa is Group 1 Trypanosoma brucei gambiense. Currently the most reliable test for the parasite is based on a single gene, which encodes a 47 kDa receptor-like T. b. gambiense-specific glycoprotein, TgsGP, expressed in the flagellar pocket of bloodstream forms. Although TgsGP has been demonstrated in T. b. gambiense throughout its geographic range, similar genes have been demonstrated in other T. brucei sspp. isolates, and there are no data on the extent of sequence variation in TgsGP. Here we have carried out a comparison of TgsGP sequences in a range of Group 1 T. b. gambiense isolates and compared the gene to homologues in other T. brucei sspp. in order to provide information to support the use of this gene as the key identification target for Group 1 T. b. gambiense. We demonstrate that the sequence of TgsGP is well conserved in Group 1 T. b. gambiense across the endemic range of gambian human trypanosomiasis and confirm that this gene is a suitable target for specific detection of this parasite. The TgsGp-like genes in some isolates of T. b. brucei, T. b. rhodesiense and Group 2 T. b. gambiense are closely similar to VSG Tb10.v4.0178, which may be the ancestral gene from which TgsGP was derived.     

Influence of moderate hypothermia on cerebral oxygenation in pigs with intracranial hypertension

BACKGROUND: Moderate hypothermia is one of the effective therapeutic methods for head injury in recent years, there are many mechanisms of moderate hypothermia for brain protection, and its influence on cerebral oxygenation is also one of them. OBJECTIVE: To observe the influence of moderate hypothermia on cerebral oxygenation of animals with acute intracranial hypertension, and further investigate the protective mechanism of moderate hypothermia. DESIGN: A randomized controlled trial. SETTING: Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital affiliated to the Medical College of Shanghai Jiao Tong University. MATERIALS: Twenty healthy little pigs, either male or female, weighing 4.5–5.5 kg, were used. Neurotrend-typed multiparameter monitoring system (Diametrics Company, British); CMA/100 micro-injection pump (Carnegie Company, Sweden). METHODS: The experiment was conducted in the Changzheng Hospital affiliated to the Second Military Medical University of Chinese PLA in November, 2001. The pigs were randomized into two groups: the normothermia group (control group, n =10) and moderate hypothermia group (n =10). ① Bilateral femoral arteries were separated, one was connected to pressometer for monitoring mean arterial pressure (MEP), and the other for analysis of blood gases [including peripheral blood pH value, arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2), HCO3–]. ② Rectal temperature was monitored with mercurial thermometer. ③ Intracranial pressure was monitored using Camino optic ICP probe placed in the subdural space. ④ Neurotrend multiparameter monitoring sensor was inserted into the white matter for about 4 cm to determine cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP, CPP=MAP(ICP), brain tissue partial oxygen pressure (PO2), partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2), HCO3– and brain temperature. The rectal temperature of animals in the moderate hypothermia group was lowered to 34 ℃ using ice bags, and the body temperature was maintained at 33–35 ℃ for 2 hours. The changes of the parameters were observed continuously, and the pigs in the normothermia group were not treated with cooling. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① MAP, ICP, rectal temperature, CCP; Indexes of cerebral oxygenation detected with Neurotrend-typed multiparameter monitoring system; ② Results of blood gases analysis in the moderate hypothermia group. RESULTS: All the 20 pigs were involved in the analysis of results. ① MAP, ICP, rectal temperature, CCP and indexes of cerebral oxygenation: In the moderate hypothermia group, the ICP after cooling was obviously lower than that before cooling [(3.31±1.19), (5.33±0.95) kPa, P < 0.05], CCP was higher, brain tissue PCO2 [(12.03±1.73), (10.59±2.01) kPa, P < 0.05], and brain tissue pH value was higher [(7.03±1.63), (9.40±1.30) kPa, P < 0.05], whereas the brain temperature was decreased as compared with that before cooling [(34.9±0.3), (37.2±0.2) ℃, P < 0.05]. ② Results of blood gases analysis in the moderate hypothermia group: There were no significant differences in the parameters of peripheral arterial blood gases analysis before and after cooling in the moderate hypothermia group (P > 0.05) CONCLUSION: Moderate hypothermia will not impair the cerebral oxygenation, and it can reduce brain tissue CO2 and decrease brain tissue acidosis.