Mental Health im Kindesalter: der Einfluss von Mediennutzung,Erziehungsverhalten und elterlichem Stresserleben – eine Sekundärdatenanalyse von KiGGS- und BELLA-Daten

Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz - Studien zeigen einen Zusammenhang zwischen hoher Mediennutzung und psychischen Auffälligkeiten im Kindesalter. Unklar ist...     

Adsorption,kinetics and thermodynamics of phenol removal by ultrasound-assisted sulfuric acid-treated pea (Pisum sativum) shells

In the present study, waste pea shells were used to synthesize an efficient adsorbent (ultrasound-assisted sulphuric acid-treated pea shells, USAPS) and was applied for phenol removal. The USAPS characterization was done by SEM-EDS, FT-IR, XRD, optical profilometry, BET, and PZC techniques. The use of ultrasound during the chemical activation significantly enhanced the adsorption properties. The adsorption of phenol was probed by varying pH (2–9), temperature (25–45°C), the USAPS dose (0.1–0.6 g/100ml), phenol concentration (50–500 mg/L), and inorganic salt addition (0.1 M KCl and 0.1 M CaCl₂). The maximum phenol uptake was found to be 125.77 mg/g for 500 mg/L of phenol concentration at pH 7 and 25°C with 0.1 g/100ml of the USAPS dose. Adsorption was negatively affected by an increase in temperature and the USAPS dose while 0.1 M KCl and 0.1 M CaCl₂ addition decreased the maximum phenol uptake from 125.77 mg/g to 103.45 mg/g and 84.11 mg/g, respectively. The time-dependent phenol removal was best explained by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model while equilibrium data were best explained by the Langmuir model. The thermodynamic study revealed the physical nature of adsorption with no structural alteration at the adsorbent-adsorbate interface.     

Necrotizing fascitis after injection sclerotherapy for hemorrhoids

A case report of a patient who underwent submucosal injection sclerotherapy for hemorrhoids is presented. Subsequently developed necrotizing fascitis of the anorectum, perianal region, and scrotum necessitated emergency debridement and defunctioning colostomy. Postoperatively, the patient developed septicemia and renal failure requiring an extended hospital stay. Restoration of bowel continuity was done after three months. A brief review of known complications of this technique was made. It would appear that necrotizing fascitis can be added to this list.     

Pseudoaneurysm of the Superior Pancreaticoduodenal Artery,a Rare Cause of Hemosuccus Pancreaticus: Report of a Case

Chronic pancreatitis with a pseudoaneurysm is an established cause of hemosuccus pancreaticus. We herein describe a patient with chronic alcoholic pancreatitis associated with hemosuccus pancreaticus due to a pseudoaneurysm of the anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery rupturing in a pseudocyst of pancreas in the head region. Angiographic embolization was unsuccessful and therefore a laparotomy, ligation, and excision of the pseudoaneurysm with external drainage of pseudocyst were performed. Hemosuccus pancreaticus is a rare cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography and angiography is diagnostic in the majority of the cases. Surgery is the treatment of choice. Selective angiographic embolization may be helpful in tiding over the emergency until surgery can be performed.     

Comparison of health risk prevalence reported in a health risk appraisal and predicted through demographic analysis

BACKGROUND. The purpose of this study was to determine if the Healthier People Health Risk Appraisal and the RiskPlan Report, two different methods for measuring health risks of an employee population, produce the same estimates of health risk prevalence. METHODS. The prevalence of each of seven risk factors, directly measured by the Healthier People Health Risk Appraisal and predicted by the RiskPlan Report using demographic and normative data, were compared for a group of 239 employees participating in a voluntary health screening. Further, the 239 participants and 426 nonparticipants were compared with respect to demographic factors gleaned from personnel records, and risk factor prevalence derived from the RiskPlan Report. RESULTS. Significant differences were found in the prevalence of six of the seven risk factors measured by the Healthier People Health Risk Appraisal and predicted by the RiskPlan Report. Also, risk factor prevalence predicted by the RiskPlan Report was not significantly different in the participants and nonparticipants although three critical sociodemographic variables were significantly different. DISCUSSION. The results suggest that the prevalence of health risks based on normative data and the demographic profile of a population are not similar to those directly measured, and some doubt is raised about predicting health risks based on these data.     

A generalized reaction to thimerosal from an influenza vaccine.

BACKGROUND: Thimerosal is a preservative commonly used in ophthalmic solutions, otic drops, and vaccines because of its bactericidal property. OBJECTIVE: To report a case of a generalized reaction to thimerosal in a patient who received an influenza vaccine. METHODS: We describe a patient who developed a generalized maculopapular eruption after receiving a thimerosal-containing influenza vaccine. Patch testing was performed to determine if there was an allergy to thimerosal. RESULTS: Patch testing confirmed a T-cell-mediated sensitivity to thimerosal. CONCLUSIONS: Physicians need to be aware that thimerosal is found in many products, including vaccinations. Clinicians should also be aware that allergic reactions occur with exposure to thimerosal even in vaccines. To our knowledge, this is the first case report in the literature of a generalized reaction to thimerosalfrom an influenza vaccine.     

Recent urban growth and urinary schistosomiasis in Niamey, Niger

A cluster sample survey was conducted in 1998 in 30 schools to assess the effect of the growth of Niamey during the last decade on a urinary schistosomiasis urban focus described in 1989. Two thousand and forty-two children (11.0 + 0.1 years old) had a urine filtration test and answered a behavioural questionnaire. Snail populations of the sites used by schoolchildren were followed up in 1999. The global prevalence was 15.7% in 1998, as opposed to 23.7% in 1989. The prevalence was very low in schools far from the river and higher in those along the Niger banks, particularly in villages on the periphery of the urban area. Geographical factors were more important than socio-economic ones in explaining the distribution of the disease. Only 46% of the children in Niamey reported water contact; mainly in the river, rarely in pools and the canal. The infection risk was low in pools (RR = 1.6), high in the river (RR = 3.5) and very high in the canal (RR = 12.5). Malacological studies confirmed the location of transmission sites obtained through parasitological studies and the questionnaire. Sixty-one per cent of the children travelled outside Niamey to the hyperendemic surrounding areas. However, these movements did not increase their infection level. The results are discussed in relation to water contact behaviour and Schistosoma haematobium transmission features.     

Splenic Metastasis from Esophageal Cancer: Report of a Case

The spleen is an unusual site of metastasis from an esophageal malignancy. We herein report the case of a 25-year-old woman who underwent a transhiatal esophagectomy and adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the lower third of the esophagus with pN1 lymph node metastasis. Fifteen months following surgery she was found to have splenic metastasis infiltrating the tail of the pancreas at the hilum. A splenectomy, distal pancreatectomy, and resection of the splenic flexure with colocolic anastomosis were performed. A histological examination of the resected specimen showed squamous cell carcinoma.