Antigenic and genomic relation between human influenza viruses that circulated in Argentina in the period 1995-1999 and the corresponding vaccine components.

BACKGROUND: The analysis of epidemic influenza virus has been focused on antigenic and genomic characterization of the hemagglutinin (HA) glycoprotein in order to detect new variants for the recommendation of the vaccine strains in each season. Since October 1998, WHO organized a second meeting to evaluate the vaccine formula for the southern hemisphere. OBJECTIVES: (a) Present the antigenic and genomic characterization of influenza strains obtained from the Argentina surveillance network, (b) compare between strains collected in Argentina and other countries with the vaccine formula strains used in each season. STUDY DESIGN: Influenza strains were collected during a 5-year period (1995-1999). Initially, laboratory diagnosis was done by immunofluorescence (IF) assay on clinical samples, followed by viral isolation in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. The isolates were characterized antigenically by hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) assay with post-infection ferret antisera. The genomic characterization consisted on RT-PCR followed by sequencing of the HA1 portion of the HA gene. The comparison between reference and circulating strains was analyzed by the construction of phylogenetic trees. RESULTS: The H3N2 circulating strains matched the corresponding vaccine component only in 1999, the first year when a vaccine recommended specifically for the southern hemisphere was used. Besides, H1N1 circulating strains matched the corresponding vaccine component only in 1998. Regarding to influenza B, only in 1995, the circulating strains showed no match to the B vaccine component. CONCLUSIONS: The results showed the usefulness of an intensified influenza laboratory surveillance to access the correct vaccine and the importance of having the necessary tools to characterize the circulating strains.     

The variability of clinical presentation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in patients with hereditary alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency

Four patients with alpha-1 antitrypsin (alpha-1 AT) deficiency are presented: one woman with severe (phenotype PiZ) and 3 men with moderate (phenotype PiMZ) deficiency of alpha-1 AT. The variability of clinical presentation of hereditary emphysema is described. In all patients tobacco smoking history, spirometric and 6-minutes walking tests as well as HRCT of the lung were performed and compared. The influence of smoking on the functional status is underlined.     

BRI基因在一对转移能力不同的肺腺癌细胞系中的序列分析与表达研究

目的 确认淀粉样纤维蛋白基因(amyloid fibrils，BRI)基因在l对同源但转移能力不同的肺腺癌细胞系AGZY83-a和Anip973中的序列并分析其表达。方法 采用测序技术，Northern印迹杂交。G显带后荧光原位杂交分析BRI基因在肺腺癌细胞系的序列与表达。结果 BRI基因在高转移肺腺癌细胞系Anip973中高表达，在其低转移母系AGZY83-a中低表达，两细胞系BRI基因染色体定位区均存在断裂重排。该基因染色体定位区在Anip973中出现扩增。已知BRI基因的-116bp～-5bp处碱基序列和-115bp～-5bp处碱基序列在AGZY83-a和Anip973中分别突变为CTCAGCAGCCCGC和TCAGCCGC。结论 BRI基因在转移能力不同的肺腺癌细胞系差异表达与该基因的染色体定位区域的断裂重排无关，与该基因染色体定位区拷贝数增加及5′非翻译区存在不同的突变可能相关。     

Methylation profiling of benign and malignant breast lesions and its application to cytopathology.

Methylation of tumor suppressor genes has been implicated in breast cancer development. However, methylation profiles of different breast lesions, subtypes of carcinoma in particular, have not been examined in detail. In this study, we use methylation-specific PCR (MSP) to generate gene methylation profiles of different breast lesions and to test the clinical utility of such profiles. We examined the methylation status of three genes, RARbeta2, RASSF1A, and cyclin D2, on 102 samples of breast tissue, from benign (n = 36), to in situ carcinoma (n = 21), to invasive carcinoma (n = 45). We found that almost all cases of invasive carcinoma (96%) contained at least one methylated gene from our panel, whereas gene methylation was less common among benign lesions (42%) and in situ carcinoma (76%). Of the three genes, cyclin D2 methylation was most specific for malignancy because only 1 of 35 benign cases was methylated at this gene (1 case was not informative). The major histologic subtypes of invasive carcinoma show similar methylation profiles in the genes examined. We next performed MSP analysis on archival breast fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy samples and corresponding surgical biopsy specimens and found a high concordance between the two types of specimens. We then analyzed 17 breast FNA biopsy samples with an indeterminate diagnosis. In this setting, MSP had a high specificity (100%) and modest sensitivity (67%) for identifying malignancy.     

胶质瘤bcd—2基因表达水平与其细胞增殖和凋亡关系的研究

目的 探讨胶质瘤细胞ｂｃｌ－２基因表达水平与肿瘤恶性程度、细胞增殖活性及凋亡程度的关系。方法 以６９例不同级别的人胶质瘤组织为研究对象,用原位杂交及免疫组化染色ＡＢＣ法分别检测ｂｃｌ－２ｍＲＮＡ、ｂｃｌ－２蛋白和增殖细胞核抗原（细胞增殖活性标记物）的表达,并用３’末标记法做原位细胞凋亡检测。结果 ６４例（９２．８％）表达ｂｃｌ－２ｍＲＮＡ,６０例（８７．０％）表达ｂｃｌ－２蛋白,两者的表达水平呈正     

内骨架一体化小腿假肢的生物力学研究

一体化假肢是以聚合物为材料从接受腔到假腿一体成型的新型下肢假肢，它比传统型假肢更经济、美观、轻便，具有较大的应用前景。目前的相关研究主要集中在设计与制作及少量的临床研究方面。由于一体化假肢与传统型假肢在结构上的差异，有必要对其进行应力分析。本研究的目的是开展内骨架一体化假肢的生物力学研究，本研究基于内骨架一体化小腿假肢的真实几何构型，建立三维有限元模型，计算该模型在模拟Heel OH步态时相的载荷作用下的应力分布；在保持该模型的几何形状不变的情况下，建立了三个不同壁面厚度的一体化小腿假肢的有限元模型，分析壁面厚度对一体化小腿假肢应力分布的影响；通过分别赋予模型四种不同高分子聚合物的材料力学特性值，分析不同材料的一体化假肢的应力分布特点；分别对模型施加与正常步态的五个典型时相对应的载荷，分析一体化小腿假肢在各步态时相的应力分布特点。本研究结果对一体化假肢设计有指导价值。     

42例晚期糖尿病肾病的血液透析治疗

目的:探索出晚期糖尿病肾病患者在血液透析过程中,如何减少并发症,提高对并发症的疗效,延长存活寿命,提高生活质量.方法:除应用一般性碳酸盐透析外,采用不同透析技术,重点对充血性心力衰竭、心包炎、高血压、低血压、贫血以及胰岛素的使用提出了特殊治疗方案.结果:经采取不同透析技术,提高了对并发症的疗效,提高了病人生活质量,降低了死亡率.结论:对晚期糖尿病肾病患者,尽量做到早透析,透析个体化,根据病情采取不同治疗方案,这是减少并发症提高存活率的关键.     

聊城市5起新型冠状病毒肺炎聚集性疫情流行病学分析

目的 分析新型冠状病毒肺炎(简称新冠肺炎)聚集性疫情的流行病学特征,为制定疫情防控策略和措施提供科学依据。 方法 于2020年1月24日—2月11日在聊城市应用现场流行病学方法调查5起新冠肺炎聚集性疫情所涉及的41例确诊病例及无症状感染者, 对相关标本采用实时荧光定量RT-PCR方法进行核酸检测。 结果 5起聚集性疫情的首发病例续发率为2.78%~50.00%,差异有统计学意义(χ²=21.57,P<0.01);家庭聚集性疫情涉及32例、10户家庭(族),公共场所聚集性疫情涉及16例、2个场所。一、二、三代病例分别有5、22、12例,传染率分别为100.00%、18.18%、0.00%。4例病例的潜伏期为5~10 d,中位数为7.5 d;聚集性疫情中存在潜伏期传播。有疫区旅行史或居住史者4例(9.76%),与潜伏期病例或确诊病例有密切接触、频繁交谈等有30例(73.17%),暴露于高浓度气溶胶4例(9.76%),未知感染来源3例(7.32%)。 结论 新冠病毒极易引起聚集性疫情,控制本地的聚集性疫情是防控工作的重点;新冠病毒可以通过高浓度气溶胶传播;病例在潜伏期具有感染性。     

应用MALDI-TOF MS快速鉴定blaKPC-2基因型肺炎克雷伯菌

 目的 探讨基质辅助激光解析/电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF MS)对携带bla_KPC-2基因型肺炎克雷伯菌的快速鉴定能力。方法 收集2018年9月-2020年11月蚌埠医学院第一附属医院临床住院患者分离的肺炎克雷伯菌,采用纸片扩散法进行药敏试验。应用聚合酶链反应(PCR)方法筛选携带bla_KPC-2基因型肺炎克雷伯菌。MALDI-TOF MS鉴定菌株并收集携带bla_KPC-2基因型和碳青霉烯类敏感肺炎克雷伯菌(CSKP)的质谱图,各自选取其中70株菌株图谱,建立携带bla_KPC-2基因型和CSKP的超级图库(Super-Spectra)。采用超级图库鉴定除建库以外的肺炎克雷伯菌,根据耐药表型和PCR结果,判断鉴定结果是否准确。结果 共收集295株肺炎克雷伯菌,经耐药表型筛选耐碳青霉烯类肺炎克雷伯菌(CRKP)143株和CSKP 152株。CRKP中鉴定出140株携带碳青霉烯酶基因(134株检出bla_KPC-2基因,3株检出bla_KPC-18基因,2株检出bla_NDM-1基因,1株检出bla_IMP基因),3株不携带碳青霉烯酶基因;其中2株同时检出bla_KPC-2基因和bla_NDM-1基因。根据建库要求,建立携带bla_KPC-2基因型和CSKP的超级图库(Super-Spectra);设置error值<0.5,二者重合率达80%;对比图发现,4 154.4、8 310.7、10 880.8、3 579、10 079.3 m/z五个峰可作为区分携带bla_KPC-2基因肺炎克雷伯菌和CSKP的特征峰。选取除建库以外的155株肺炎克雷伯菌进行验证,准确率为92.90%(144/155);其中携带bla_KPC-2基因肺炎克雷伯菌准确率为94.52%(69/73),CSKP准确率为91.46%(75/82)。结论 通过MALDI-TOF MS建立Super-Spectra,可快速预测bla_KPC-2基因型肺炎克雷伯菌,为临床CRKP感染的诊疗及医院感染防控提供可靠的实验室依据。     

MDM2、p53在增生、癌变子宫内膜的表达及其意义

应用原位杂交方法,以地高辛标记的cDNA探针检测6例正常子宫内膜、14例增生性子宫内膜和30例子宫内膜腺癌组织石蜡包埋标本中MDM2基因mRNA的表达,运用免疫组化SABC法检测MDM2和p53基因的蛋白表达。结果表明p53基因在正常、增生性及癌变子宫内膜组织中表达率依次增高,在子宫内膜腺癌组织中其表达水平与临床分期和病理分级相关（P<0.05）。MDM2基因在增生性内膜中较癌变内膜表达率高,但无统计学意义（P>0.05）。MDM2基因的mRNA与蛋白表达具很好的相关性（P<0.01）。认为p53与子宫内膜癌的形成相关。MDM2可能与子宫内膜组织异常增殖有关。在子宫内膜增生及癌变组织中可能存在p53对MDM2在转录水平的调控。