腹腔镜膀胱全切回肠膀胱术与原位回肠新膀胱术近期疗效比较

目的：总结腹腔镜膀胱全切回肠（Bricker）膀胱术与原位回肠（Hautmann）新膀胱术治疗浸润性膀胱癌的经验及近期疗效。方法该院2010～2014年施行腹腔镜Bricker膀胱术74例,Hautmann新膀胱术30例,回顾性分析比较两组患者手术时间、出血量等术中情况、术后肠道功能恢复、术后并发症及术后肿瘤复发转移等临床资料。结果两组在平均手术时间、术中出血量、术中输血率、盆腔淋巴结清扫数目、术后住院时间等方面差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。两组淋巴结阳性共8例（7．8％）,合并前列腺癌3例（2．9％）,无切缘阳性病例。Bricker膀胱术组、Hautmann新膀胱术组术后肠道功能恢复时间分别为（4．2±1．4）、（5．3±2．2）d ,P＝0．002,并发症发生率分别为31．9％（23例）、53．3％（16例）,P＝0．043。 Hautmann新膀胱术组患者术后6个月白天和夜间尿控分别为76．9％、57．7％,术后12个月白天和夜间尿控分别为90．9％、81．8％。 Hautmann新膀胱术组术后2例（7．7％）复发转移,Bricker膀胱术组术后9例（14．1％）复发转移。结论 Bricker膀胱术和Hautmann新膀胱术具有相似肿瘤根治效果,但Hautmann新膀胱术患者术后生活质量更高。     

MoO3−x-deposited TiO2 nanotubes for stable and high-capacitance supercapacitor electrodes

Here we report the supercapacitive properties of a novel MoO_3−x/TiO₂ nanotube composite prepared by a facile galvanostatic deposition technique and subsequently thermal treatment in an argon atmosphere between 350 °C and 550 °C. X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirm the existence of MoO_3−x. The MoO_3−x/TiO₂ electrode prepared at 550 °C exhibits a high specific capacitance of 23.69 mF cm⁻² at a scan rate of 10 mV s⁻¹ and good cycling stability with capacitance retention of 86.6% after 1000 cycles in 1 M Na₂SO₄ aqueous solution. Our study reveals a feasible method for the fabrication of TiO₂ nanotubes modified with electroactive MoO_3−x as high-performance electrode materials for supercapacitors.

Here we report the supercapacitive properties of a novel MoO_3−x/TiO₂ nanotube composite prepared by a facile galvanostatic deposition technique and subsequently thermal treatment in an argon atmosphere between 350 °C and 550 °C.     

ICU患者血流感染耐碳青霉烯类鲍曼不动杆菌同源性分析

目的了解某院重症监护病房(ICU)血流感染患者分离的耐碳青霉烯类鲍曼不动杆菌(CRAB)同源性。方法收集该院ICU2012年1—12月血流感染患者血液、下呼吸道和静脉导管尖端分离的CRAB,进行药物敏感试验,以及运用脉冲场凝胶电泳(PFGE)分析菌株同源性。结果 50株CRAB分离自患者血液26株、下呼吸道20株、静脉导管4株;对哌拉西林、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、氨苄西林/舒巴坦、头孢曲松、头孢噻肟、头孢吡肟、亚胺培南、美罗培南、环丙沙星的耐药率均为100%。对分离自患者血液(26株)、呼吸道(6株)和静脉导管尖端(4株)的36株CRAB进行PFGE,结果表明主要为7个PFGE型(A~G),其中A克隆5株,B克隆2株,C克隆3株,D克隆4株,E克隆3株,F克隆8株,G克隆3株;其余8株菌为散发。该ICU分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ区,其中A、B、F克隆在两个病区间均存在。3例患者不同部位分离的CRAB为同一克隆,其中2例血液、下呼吸道、静脉导管尖端为同一克隆,另1例血液和下呼吸道为同一克隆。对其中6例患者下呼吸道分离的CRAB进行PFGE分型,3例同属D克隆。对12例血流感染患者静脉导管尖端进行培养,4例患者培养阳性,且为CRAB,分别与各自血液分离株为同一克隆。结论 ICU存在CRAB血流感染流行,患者间交叉传播是医院流行的主要方式。     

不同培训方式对医护人员手卫生依从性的影响

目的采用常规培训与联合手污染状况调查的培训方法对医护人员进行宣教,评价两种方法对医护人员手卫生依从性的影响。方法 2013年11月—2014年4月,选择心血管内科两个病房的全体医护人员作为宣教对象并分别设为实验组与对照组。培训前1个月对两组进行手卫生依从性摸底调查,培训后第1个月两组均采用常规宣教培训方法,第2个月至第5个月在常规宣教培训方法的基础上实验组增加手卫生污染状况调查培训方法,分别统计两组医护人员的手卫生依从率。结果培训前实验组与对照组手卫生依从率分别为42.63%(107/251)、41.80%(102/244),差异无统计学意义(P0.05);培训后第1和第2个月,实验组医护人员手卫生依从率分别为55.70%(132/237)、63.11%(154/244),对照组分别为56.52%(130/230)、62.61%(149/238),与培训前比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05),但两组间差异无统计学意义(P0.05);培训后第3个月至第5个月,实验组医护人员手卫生依从率分别为60.73%(150/247)、61.44%(145/236)、61.22%(150/245),对照组分别为51.68%(123/238)、51.02%(125/245)、52.32%(124/237),两组间差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论采用常规培训同时联合手污染状况调查的培训方式可以更好地促进医护人员手卫生依从性的提高。     

Synthesis of dimethyl carbonate from CO2 and methanol over a hydrophobic Ce/SBA-15 catalyst

A series of Ce/SBA-15 catalysts with different degrees of hydrophobicities were prepared via a post-grafting method and used for the direct synthesis of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) from CO₂ and methanol. The Ce/SBA-15-6 catalyst exhibited the highest DMC yield of 0.2%, which was close to the equilibrium value under the reaction conditions of 130 °C, 12 h and 12 MPa. The catalysts were characterized via XRD, BET, FT-IR, solid-state ²⁹Si MAS NMR, CA, TEM, XPS and NH₃/CO₂-TPD; the results indicated that the hydrophobicity of the catalysts facilitated the creation of oxygen vacancies, which could act as Lewis acids to activate methanol. Higher amounts of moderate acid sites led to higher yields of DMC. In addition, the hydrophobicity of the catalysts could also reduce the adsorbed water on their surface and increase the DMC yield while shortening the reaction time.

A series of Ce/SBA-15 catalysts with different degrees of hydrophobicities were prepared via a post-grafting method and used for the direct synthesis of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) from CO₂ and methanol.     

某市两城区住宅室内化学污染物监测与评价

目的 评估某市两城区(商业区和工业区)住宅室内空气质量,为改善室内空气质量提供依据.方法 2020年于采暖季和非采暖季监测某市两城区共60户住宅的空气化学污染物,检测指标包括PM2.5,PM10,NO2,甲醛,苯,甲苯和二甲苯7项指标;采用空气质量指数法评价住宅室内空气质量.结果 2020年某市商业区和工业区住宅室内空气7项检测指标合格率分别在20.8％～100.0％和22.5％～100.0％,其中均以PM2.5合格率最低.与非采暖季比较,采暖季商业区 PM2.5(x2=22.282)、PM10(x2=32.042)和甲醛(x2=18.033)合格率较低(P＜0.05),工业区 PM2.5(x2=34.839)和 PM10(x2=33.147)合格率较低,甲醛(x2=4.615)合格率较高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).商业区和工业区住宅室内空气质量综合指数(AQI)分别为1.12和1.19,均超过0.5,属于轻度污染;各项分指数中,IPM2 5,IPM10和I甲醛均超过0.5,其中以采暖季IPM2.5最高,商业区和工业区分别为2.91和3.16,属重度污染.结论 某市商业区和工业区的住宅室内空气质量均存在轻度污染,颗粒物是首要污染物、甲醛次之,采暖季尤为严重.     

无创心输出量监测在危重病监护中的应用

目的 探讨电阻抗无创心输出量监测在危重病患者中的应用。方法 选择2001-02～2003-09ICU收治的38例患者用电阻抗无创心输出量监测系统与多谱勒心脏超声,同时测定38例患者心输出量,并对结果进行对比分析。结果 两种方法的测定值有显著的相关性(r=0.908)。结论 电阻抗元创心输出量监测与多谱勒心脏超声测定结果是一致的,它不仅能准确地测定心输出量,而且还具有无创、连续、简便、价廉的优点。     

胃癌组织H-ras基因点突变与预后的关系

目的:胃癌发生发展的分子基础仍不甚明了,为了明确H—ras点突变在胃癌发生发展中的作用,本研究对胃癌组织H—ras点突变进行检测。方法:采用多聚酶链延伸反应—限制性片段长度多态性分析法(PCR—RFLP)对88例福尔马林液固定、石蜡包埋胃癌组织H—ras第12位和61位密码子点突变作了检测,并对点突变与肿瘤生物学行为及预后的关系进行分析。结果:H—ras总突变率为14.8％(13/88),点突变的发生与肿瘤将膜浸润,淋巴结转移、临床分期及术后生存期密切相关。结论:检测胃癌组织H—ras基因点突变有助于判断胃癌患者的预后。     

Concentration of plasma calcium in response to human calcitonin in female rats during aging.

The effects of aging and estradiol on the concentration of plasma calcium in response to human calcitonin (hCT) were investigated in rats. Old (20 months) and young (2 months) female rats were catheterized via the right jugular vein and the left femoral vein before an infusion of 1 nM hCT (0.1 ml/min) into the left femoral vein. Young ovariectomized (Ovx) rats were injected subcutaneously with estradiol benzoate (EB, 25 micrograms/kg) or oil once daily for 3 days before hCT challenge. Blood samples were collected from the jugular catheter before and after the hCT infusion. The basal level of plasma calcium was not affected by age. The infusion of 1 nM hCT decreased the plasma calcium concentration by 18% in old and by 29% in young female rats. The post-infusion levels of plasma calcium were comparatively higher in old rats than in young rats (p less than .05 at 30 min and p less than .02 at 90 min). In young rats, the responses of plasma calcium to hCT infusion were reduced after ovariectomy. Short-term estrogen injection, however, did not restore the sensitivity of young Ovx rats to the CT infusion. These findings suggest that the plasma calcium level in response to calcitonin is decreased in rats during aging. The reduction of the hypocalcemic effect of calcitonin in old female rats at least was estradiol-independent.