全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1310篇 |
免费 | 151篇 |
国内免费 | 10篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 16篇 |
儿科学 | 103篇 |
妇产科学 | 31篇 |
基础医学 | 118篇 |
口腔科学 | 41篇 |
临床医学 | 193篇 |
内科学 | 248篇 |
皮肤病学 | 9篇 |
神经病学 | 77篇 |
特种医学 | 209篇 |
外科学 | 160篇 |
综合类 | 35篇 |
预防医学 | 107篇 |
眼科学 | 4篇 |
药学 | 38篇 |
中国医学 | 5篇 |
肿瘤学 | 77篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 5篇 |
2021年 | 21篇 |
2020年 | 7篇 |
2019年 | 8篇 |
2018年 | 44篇 |
2017年 | 54篇 |
2016年 | 40篇 |
2015年 | 39篇 |
2014年 | 44篇 |
2013年 | 74篇 |
2012年 | 55篇 |
2011年 | 44篇 |
2010年 | 65篇 |
2009年 | 55篇 |
2008年 | 44篇 |
2007年 | 37篇 |
2006年 | 23篇 |
2005年 | 21篇 |
2004年 | 22篇 |
2003年 | 25篇 |
2002年 | 16篇 |
2001年 | 27篇 |
2000年 | 15篇 |
1999年 | 18篇 |
1998年 | 60篇 |
1997年 | 60篇 |
1996年 | 57篇 |
1995年 | 52篇 |
1994年 | 30篇 |
1993年 | 41篇 |
1992年 | 27篇 |
1991年 | 30篇 |
1990年 | 36篇 |
1989年 | 25篇 |
1988年 | 44篇 |
1987年 | 37篇 |
1986年 | 21篇 |
1985年 | 13篇 |
1984年 | 13篇 |
1983年 | 16篇 |
1982年 | 4篇 |
1981年 | 18篇 |
1980年 | 10篇 |
1977年 | 10篇 |
1976年 | 9篇 |
1970年 | 4篇 |
1969年 | 7篇 |
1968年 | 9篇 |
1967年 | 9篇 |
1966年 | 9篇 |
排序方式: 共有1471条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
31.
32.
Expression of fibrinogen receptors during activation and subsequent desensitization of human platelets by epinephrine 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Epinephrine causes platelet aggregation and secretion by interacting with alpha 2-adrenergic receptors on the platelet surface. Platelet aggregation requires the binding of fibrinogen to a specific receptor on the membrane glycoprotein IIb-IIIa complex. Although the IIb-IIIa complex is identifiable on the surface of resting platelets, the fibrinogen receptor is expressed only after platelet activation. The current studies were designed to examine the effect of occupancy of platelet alpha 2-adrenergic receptors by epinephrine on the expression of fibrinogen receptors and on the aggregation of platelets. The ability of epinephrine to induce the expression of fibrinogen receptors was studied under two different conditions: acute stimulation (less than 1 min) and prolonged stimulation (50 to 90 min), the latter of which is associated with a reduction or "desensitization" of the platelet aggregation response. Expression of the fibrinogen receptor was monitored with 125I-fibrinogen as well as with 125I-PAC-1 (PAC-1), a monoclonal antibody that binds to the glycoprotein IIb-IIIa complex only after platelets are activated. Epinephrine caused an immediate increase in PAC-1 and fibrinogen binding that was dependent on occupancy of the alpha 2-receptor by epinephrine and on the presence of extracellular free Ca (KCa = 30 mumol/L). By itself, 1 mmol/L Mg was unable to support induction of the fibrinogen receptor by epinephrine. However, it did decrease the Ca requirement by about two orders of magnitude. Prolonged stimulation of unstirred platelets by epinephrine led to a 70% decrease in the aggregation response when the platelets were subsequently stirred. Despite their decreased aggregation response, desensitized platelets bound PAC-1 and fibrinogen normally, indicating that the loss of aggregation was not due simply to a decrease in fibrinogen receptor expression. Although desensitization was not affected by pretreatment of the platelets with aspirin, it was partially prevented when extracellular Ca was chelated by EDTA during the long incubation with epinephrine. These studies demonstrate that once platelet alpha 2-adrenergic receptors are occupied by epinephrine, extracellular Ca is involved in initiating the aggregation response by supporting the induction of the fibrinogen receptor and the binding of fibrinogen. Furthermore. Ca-dependent reactions subsequent to fibrinogen binding may be necessary for maximal platelet aggregation and are impaired when platelets become desensitized to epinephrine. 相似文献
33.
Glycoprotein Ib and glycoprotein IX are fully complexed in the intact platelet membrane 总被引:3,自引:6,他引:3
Two new murine monoclonal antibodies, AK 1 and SZ 1, reactive with the human platelet glycoprotein (GP) Ib-IX complex have been produced by the hybridoma technique. Both AK 1 and SZ 1 immunoprecipitated the GP Ib-IX complex from Triton X-100-solubilized, periodate-labeled platelets. With trypsinized, labeled platelets, AK 1, SZ 1, and FMC 25 (epitope on GP IX) immunoprecipitated a membrane-bound proteolytic fragment of the GP Ib-IX complex consisting of GP IX and an congruent to 25,000 mol wt remnant of the alpha-chain of GP lb disulfide-linked to the beta-subunit. Unexpectedly, although AK 1 and SZ 1 immunoprecipitated purified GP Ib-IX complex, neither antibody immunoprecipitated the individual components of this complex, GP Ib or GP IX. When GP Ib and GP IX were recombined, however, AK 1 and SZ 1 again immunoprecipitated the reformed complex, strongly suggesting that both antibodies were recognizing an epitope present only on the intact complex. Cross-blocking studies indicated that AK 1 and SZ 1 recognized a very similar or identical epitope that was proximal to the epitope for FMC 25. Both AK 1 and SZ 1 bound to a similar number of binding sites (congruent to 25,000) on intact platelets as monoclonal antibodies directed against either GP lb or GP IX. The combined data suggests that GP lb and GP IX are fully complexed in the intact platelet membrane. 相似文献
34.
35.
AF Jorm H Christensen AS Henderson PA Jacomb AE Korten A Mackinnon 《Age and ageing》1996,25(2):126-129
Formal assessment of cognitive decline with cognitive tests can be difficult, requiring either two measurement points or a comparison of 'hold' with 'don't hold' tests. Informant-based assessment provides an alternative approach because informants can adopt a longitudinal perspective and directly rate cognitive change. A study was carried out to assess the validity of informant ratings collected by means of the Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE). A community sample of 500 subjects aged 74 or over underwent four cognitive tests on two occasions 3½ years apart. On the second occasion, informants filled out the IQCODE. Subjects rated as having moderate or severe decline were found to have greater change on the cognitive tests. These findings support the validity of informant ratings of cognitive decline. 相似文献
36.
目的 分析MRI形态学半定量评分对新生儿细菌性脑膜炎出院结局的评估价值。方法 收集复旦大学附属儿科医院2011年7月至2013年12月NICU收治的出院诊断为新生儿细菌性脑膜炎的病例,采用基于大脑损伤MRI形态学分析的半定量评分,对头颅MRI图像进行回顾性分析。MRI形态学评价包括脑室扩大、脑室旁白质容积丢失、脑白质囊性病灶、内囊后肢髓鞘化异常、皮质信号异常、颅内脑外间隙异常、基底节信号异常、脑白质非囊性信号异常、脑室内出血、脑室积脓、脑膜异常强化、室管膜异常强化和脑脓肿。将上述13项评分归纳为脑白质异常(WMA)、脑灰质异常(GMA)和非脑实质异常(NPA)。同时采集患儿出生孕周、发病时间、MRI检查时间、发病至MRI检查间隔时间和出院结局。按照出生孕周分为早产儿组和足月儿组,再按照出院结局分为预后良好和预后不良亚组,在各组内比较亚组之间时间因素、MRI单项评分和综合评分的差异。结果 63例新生儿细菌性脑膜炎病例进入分析(早产儿组18例,足月儿组45例)。MRI单项评分构成预后良好和预后不良亚组间差异有统计学意义的指标:早产儿组中有脑室扩大(P=0.012)和脑室旁白质容积丢失(P=0.004);足月儿组有脑室扩大(P=0.002)、脑室旁容积丢失(P=0.040)、颅内脑外间隙异常(P=0.005)和脑室内出血(P=0.038)。MRI综合评分中,早产儿组WMA评分(P=0.001)和NPA评分(P=0.039)、足月儿组NPA评分(P=0.018)在预后不良和预后良好亚组之间分布差异有统计学意义。足月儿组和早产儿组内不同预后亚组的各时间因素差异未发现统计学意义或临床意义。结论 新生儿细菌性脑膜炎MRI脑室扩大和脑室旁白质容积丢失预示早产儿出院不良结局;脑室扩大、脑室旁白质容积丢失、颅内脑外间隙异常和脑室内出血预示足月儿出院不良结局。WMA评分高预示早产儿出院不良结局,NPA评分高预示早产儿和足月儿出院不良结局。 相似文献
37.
Successful hematopoietic cell transplantation in a patient with X‐linked agammaglobulinemia and acute myeloid leukemia
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Pediatric blood & cancer》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
38.
Morgan R. Bobb Azeemuddin Ahmed MD MBA Paul Van Heukelom MD Rachel Tranter MPAS PA‐C Karisa K. Harland PhD MPH Brady M. Firth PhD MA Randy Fry MBA Katherine Schneider MSN RN CEN Kathryn K. Dierks DO Sarah L. Miller MD Nicholas M. Mohr MD MS 《Academic emergency medicine》2018,25(7):795-803
Objective
The objective of this study was to determine specific provider practices associated with high provider efficiency in community emergency departments (EDs).Methods
A mixed‐methods study design was utilized to identify key behaviors associated with efficiency. Stage 1 was a convenience sample of 16 participants (ED medical directors, nurses, advanced practice providers, and physicians) identified provider efficiency behaviors during semistructured interviews. Ninety‐nine behaviors were identified and distilled by a group of three ED clinicians into 18 themes. Stage 2 was an observational study of 35 providers was performed in four (30,000‐ to 55,000‐visit) community EDs during two 4‐hour periods and recorded in minute‐by‐minute observation logs. In Stage 3, each behavior or practice from Stage 1 was assigned a score within each observation period. Behaviors were tested for association with provider efficiency (relative value units/hour) using linear univariate generalized estimating equations with an identity link, clustered on ED site.Results
Five ED provider practices were found to be positively associated with efficiency: average patient load, using name of team member, conversations with health care team, visits to patient rooms, and running the board. Two behaviors, “inefficiency practices,” demonstrated significant negative correlations: non–work‐related tasks and documentation on patients no longer in the ED.Conclusions
Average patient load, running the board, conversations with team member, and using names of team members are associated with enhanced provider productivity. Identification of behaviors associated with efficiency can be utilized by medical directors, clinicians, and trainees to improve personal efficiency or counsel team members.39.
Dyer LA Letourneau DK 《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America》1999,96(9):5072-5076
To test for direct and indirect effects of a top predator on three lower trophic levels, we conducted two multiyear predator addition experiments in a tropical wet forest. Periodic additions of a top predator (predatory clerid beetle) to a wet forest understory shrub caused a reduction in the predatory beetle's prey (a predatory ant), increased herbivory, and reduced leaf area of the plant. These effects occurred whether beetles were added to naturally occurring shrubs or to reproductive fragments, suggesting fitness effects of top predators through three trophic levels. A correlational study showed that trophic effects of top predators also cascaded to nearby conspecifics in the forest understory. We use trends from understory plant surveys to suggest mechanisms by which these cascades could ultimately affect species diversity in the local plant community. 相似文献
40.
Early changes in phosphatidylcholine metabolism in human acute promyelocytic leukemia cells stimulated to differentiate by phorbol ester 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
The HL-60 leukemia cell line derived from a human acute promyelocytic leukemia is stimulated to differentiate into macrophages within 24-28 hr after exposure to the phorbol ester, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13- acetate (TPA). We studied early alterations (within 90 min of exposure to TPA) in phosphatidylcholine metabolism in HL-60 cells and found that phosphatidylcholine synthesis by methylation is phosphatidylethanolamine was inhibited in a dose-dependent fashion. In contrast, synthesis of phosphatidylcholine from endogenous choline was enhanced and correlated inversely with the degree of inhibition of the methylation pathway. Phorbol ester congeners of TPA caused similar alterations in phosphatidylcholine metabolism in direct relationship to their capacity to induce differentiation in HL-60 cells. Perturbation of phosphatidylcholine metabolism is an early membrane even in TPA- induced HL-60 cell differentiation. 相似文献