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71.
Use of herbal supplements for chronic liver disease. 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Cynthia Levy Leonard D Seeff Keith D Lindor 《Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology》2004,2(11):947-956
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is becoming popular among patients with liver disease. Although there is a growing body of evidence regarding potential mechanisms of action of these and other herbs, caution must be used to interpret the results of the few clinical trials available. Our goal was to discuss the biologic rationale for the use of specific herbs (silymarin, glycyrrhizin, sho-saiko-to, Phyllanthus amarus , Picrorrhiza kurroa , Compound 861, CH-100, and LIV.52) in the treatment of chronic liver diseases, as well as the evidence for their efficacy and adverse effects according to clinical trials. METHODS: Because of the relative paucity of clinical studies using herbs, every trial published in English was reviewed. RESULTS: Although many trials suggest that these herbs can decrease serum transaminase levels, the effects on hepatic histopathology and long-term survival are either poorly studied or conflicting. LIV.52 has been withdrawn from the market because of deleterious effects in patients with liver disease. CONCLUSIONS: Based on current evidence, we cannot recommend the use of herbal supplements for the routine treatment of any chronic liver disease and further well-designed clinical trials are necessary. 相似文献
72.
J E Fildes A H Walker C G Densem A K Deiraniya I V Hutchinson C T Leonard N Yonan 《The Journal of heart and lung transplantation》2005,24(4):406-410
BACKGROUND: The angiotensin converting enzyme insertion deletion polymorphism (ACE I/D) has been associated with much cardiovascular pathology, including posttransplantation hypertension. Hypertension is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality after cardiac transplantation. We investigated the influence of the ACE I/D polymorphism on posttransplantation hypertension. METHODS: A total of 211 heart transplant recipients and 154 corresponding donors were genotyped for the ACE I/D polymorphism by polymerase chain reaction. ACE enzymatic activity was measured by spectrophotometric kinetic analysis. Sitting systolic and diastolic blood pressures were recorded at 3 consecutive visits, and the mean was calculated. Clinical data, including demographics and medication, were collected for all recipients. Results were analyzed by the chi-square test and analysis of variance, taking a p value of <0.05 to be significant. RESULTS: A total of 41.7% of the subjects were hypertensive (diastolic blood pressure >90 mm Hg) at the time of the study, with 79.6% taking at least one antihypertensive agent. We found no difference between the number of antihypertensive agents, cyclosporin dose and level, renal function, or systolic blood pressure for the different recipient or donor genotypes. We also found no significant correlation between ACE enzymatic activity and systolic or diastolic blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS: Our study of 211 recipients and 154 corresponding donors is the largest investigation of this polymorphism in a cardiac transplantation population. We found no apparent relationship between the ACE genotype (of either donor or recipient) and systemic hypertension (absolute measurements and the number or dose of antihypertensive agents used). 相似文献
73.
The Annexin code: revealing endocarditis 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A 54-year-old woman presented to our hospital after an episodeof fever of unknown origin. The fever had occurred 6 weeks priorto presentation and had subsided spontaneously. The patienthad no relevant prior medical 相似文献
74.
Jennifer B Freeman Molly L Choate-Summers Phoebe S Moore Abbe M Garcia Jeffrey J Sapyta Henrietta L Leonard Martin E Franklin 《Neuropsychopharmacology》2007,61(3):337-343
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a distressing and functionally impairing disorder that can emerge as early as age 4. Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) for OCD in youth shows great promise for amelioration of symptoms and associated functional impairment. However, the empirical evidence base for the efficacy of CBT in youth has some significant limitations, particularly as related to treating the very young child with OCD. This report includes a quantitative review of existing child CBT studies to evaluate evidence for the efficacy of CBT for OCD. It identifies gaps in the literature that, when addressed, would enhance the understanding of effective treatment in pediatric OCD. Finally, it presents a proposed research agenda for addressing the unique concerns of the young child with OCD. 相似文献
75.
Heart failure is the number one reason for hospital admissionin patients above 65 years of age. It is predicted that thenumber of heart failure patients will almost double in the next20 years. Ischaemic and hypertensive heart disease are the majorcauses of this disabling disease. Approximately 22% of womenand 46% of men who have had a myocardial infarction will developheart failure within 6 years.1 Still, hypertension is a chiefcause of cardiac failure: diastolic dysfunction accounts for>50% of all heart failure patients.2 In the world we livein, an increasing number of people become at risk of developinghypertension heart 相似文献
76.
77.
Michael Leonard Uthman Alao Aaron Glynn Mark Dolan 《European journal of orthopaedic surgery & traumatology : orthopedie traumatologie》2009,19(8):553-558
Between 1999 and 2005, we treated 41 patients with a total hip arthroplasty for failed fixation of a hip fracture. This study
had three purposes: (1) to determine the reason/s for fixation failure (2) to record difficulties/complications encountered
in converting to a salvage arthroplasty and (3) to compare the outcome of these patients (Group 1) with a matched group of
patients who underwent a primary hip arthroplasty (Group 2). Failure to achieve a good reduction and optimal screw placement
was evident in 80% of cases of failed fixation. A high incidence of complications was recorded in the perioperative period
during conversion to a salvage arthroplasty. Functional outcome was statistically inferior in Group1; this group also had
a higher incidence of complications. Radiographs at 2 years postoperatively showed evidence of femoral stem loosening in 16%
of the salvage group compared with 3% in the primary hip arthroplasty group. 相似文献
78.
PURPOSE: Children with specific language impairment (SLI) often fail to produce past tense forms in obligatory contexts, although the factors affecting such inconsistency are not well understood. This study examined the influence of accompanying temporal adverbials (e.g., just, already) on the past tense production of these children. METHOD: Fifteen preschool-aged children with SLI, 15 typically developing children matched for age (TD-A) and 15 younger typically developing children matched for mean length of utterance (TD-MLU) participated in the study. The children responded to probes that obligated the use of past tense forms. The verbal context provided by the experimenter for half of the items included a temporal adverbial. RESULTS: Overall, the SLI and TD-MLU groups produced past tense less frequently than the children in the TD-A group, and there were no significant differences between the SLI and the TD-MLU groups. However, both the SLI and the TD-MLU participants produced past tense forms less frequently when temporal adverbials were included than when they were absent. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the tendency to use past tense by the children with SLI and their younger MLU-matched peers may not have been independent of other types of temporal information. 相似文献
79.
Missense mutation in exon 7 of the common gamma chain gene causes a moderate form of X-linked combined immunodeficiency. 总被引:6,自引:2,他引:4
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F C Schmalstieg W J Leonard M Noguchi M Berg H E Rudloff R M Denney S K Dave E G Brooks A S Goldman 《The Journal of clinical investigation》1995,95(3):1169-1173
Clinical and immunologic features of a recently recognized X-linked combined immunodeficiency disease (XCID) suggested that XCID and X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (XSCID) might arise from different genetic defects. The recent discovery of mutations in the common gamma chain (gamma c) gene, a constituent of several cytokine receptors, in XSCID provided an opportunity to test directly whether a previously unrecognized mutation in this same gene was responsible for XCID. The status of X chromosome inactivation in blood leukocytes from obligate carriers of XCID was determined from the polymorphic, short tandem repeats (CAG), in the androgen receptor gene, which also contains a methylation-sensitive HpaII site. As in XSCID, X-chromosome inactivation in obligate carriers of XCID was nonrandom in T and B lymphocytes. In addition, X chromosome inactivation in PMNs was variable. Findings from this analysis prompted sequencing of the gamma c gene in this pedigree. A missense mutation in the region coding for the cytoplasmic portion of the gamma c gene was found in three affected males but not in a normal brother. Therefore, this point mutation in the gamma c gene leads to a less severe degree of deficiency in cellular and humoral immunity than that seen in XSCID. 相似文献
80.
Steenbergen EJ; Verhagen OJ; van Leeuwen EF; van den Berg H; von dem Borne AE; van der Schoot CE 《Blood》1995,86(2):692-702
Crosslineage T-cell receptor delta (TCR delta) rearrangements are widely used as tumor markers for the follow up of minimal residual disease in childhood B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The major drawback of this approach is the risk of false-negative results due to clonal evolution. We investigated the stability of V delta 2D delta 3 rearrangements in a group of 56 childhood B-precursor ALL patients by PCR and Southern blot analysis. At the PCR level, V delta 2D delta 3-to-J alpha rearranged subclones (one pathway for secondary TCR delta recombination) were demonstrated in 85.2% of V delta 2D delta 3-positive patients tested, which showed that small subclones are present in the large majority of patients despite apparently monoclonal TCR delta Southern blot patterns. Sequence analysis of V delta 2D delta 3J alpha rearrangements showed a biased J alpha gene usage, with HAPO5 and J alpha F in 26 of 32 and 6 of 32 clones, respectively. Comparison of V delta 2D delta 3 rearrangement status between diagnosis and first relapse showed differences in seven of eight patients studied. In contrast, from first relapse onward, no clonal changes were observed in six patients studied. To investigate the occurrence of crosslineage TCR delta rearrangements in normal B and T cells, fluorescence-activated cell sorter-sorted peripheral blood CD19+/CD3- and CD19-/CD3+ cell populations from three healthy donors were analyzed. V delta 2D delta 3 rearrangements were detected at low frequencies in both B and T cells, which suggests that V delta 2-to-D delta 3 joining also occurs during normal B-cell differentiation. A model for crosslineage TCR delta rearrangements in B-precursor ALL is deduced that explains the observed clonal changes between diagnosis and relapse and is compatible with multistep leukemogenesis of B-precursor ALL. 相似文献