全文获取类型
收费全文 | 11287篇 |
免费 | 754篇 |
国内免费 | 34篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 126篇 |
儿科学 | 424篇 |
妇产科学 | 380篇 |
基础医学 | 1518篇 |
口腔科学 | 399篇 |
临床医学 | 1181篇 |
内科学 | 1987篇 |
皮肤病学 | 519篇 |
神经病学 | 1106篇 |
特种医学 | 281篇 |
外国民族医学 | 3篇 |
外科学 | 1334篇 |
综合类 | 100篇 |
一般理论 | 5篇 |
预防医学 | 935篇 |
眼科学 | 110篇 |
药学 | 627篇 |
中国医学 | 10篇 |
肿瘤学 | 1030篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 97篇 |
2022年 | 159篇 |
2021年 | 212篇 |
2020年 | 164篇 |
2019年 | 229篇 |
2018年 | 283篇 |
2017年 | 215篇 |
2016年 | 272篇 |
2015年 | 290篇 |
2014年 | 348篇 |
2013年 | 485篇 |
2012年 | 661篇 |
2011年 | 675篇 |
2010年 | 358篇 |
2009年 | 342篇 |
2008年 | 567篇 |
2007年 | 547篇 |
2006年 | 475篇 |
2005年 | 471篇 |
2004年 | 420篇 |
2003年 | 395篇 |
2002年 | 398篇 |
2001年 | 224篇 |
2000年 | 217篇 |
1999年 | 213篇 |
1998年 | 109篇 |
1997年 | 118篇 |
1996年 | 75篇 |
1994年 | 80篇 |
1993年 | 68篇 |
1992年 | 115篇 |
1991年 | 142篇 |
1990年 | 130篇 |
1989年 | 128篇 |
1988年 | 135篇 |
1987年 | 120篇 |
1986年 | 129篇 |
1985年 | 131篇 |
1984年 | 92篇 |
1983年 | 67篇 |
1982年 | 74篇 |
1979年 | 94篇 |
1978年 | 81篇 |
1977年 | 78篇 |
1974年 | 65篇 |
1973年 | 83篇 |
1972年 | 77篇 |
1971年 | 78篇 |
1970年 | 82篇 |
1968年 | 74篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
11.
D. Nolte S. Pickelmann S. Swaid F. H?lzle und K.-D. Wolff 《Mund-, Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgie》2003,7(1):31-35
Zusammenfassung
Fragestellung. Ziel der vorliegenden Untersuchung war, die Effekte der Sauerstoff tragenden freien H?moglobinl?sung (Diaspirin-crosslinked-H?moglobin,
DCLHb) auf die kapillare Perfusion sowie die Oxygenation im quergestreiften Hautmuskelgewebe nach kritischer Isch?miezeit
und nachfolgender Reperfusion zu analysieren.
Material und Methode. Die kapillare Gewebeperfusion wurde anhand der funktionellen Kapillardichte im Hautmuskel des syrischen Goldhamsters quantitativ
vor der Induktion einer 4-stündigen Isch?mie sowie nach 0,5 h, 2 h und 24 h Reperfusion mittels intravitaler Fluoreszenzmikroskopie
erfasst (n=8 pro Versuchsgruppe). In separaten Tieren wurde nach demselben Versuchsansatz mit der Mehrdrahtoberfl?chenelektrode (MDO,
Eschweiler, Kiel) die Gewebeoxygenation gemessen (n=8 pro Versuchsgruppe). Die Tiere der Testgruppe (n=8) erhielten 15 min vor der Reperfusion eine Kurzinfusion von 5 ml/kg KG DCLHb (Diaspirin-crosslinked-H?moglobin, 10 g/dl,
Baxter, IL, USA). Die Kontrolltiere (n=8) erhielten ?quivalente Dosen einer isotonen Kochsalzl?sung (Braun, Melsungen).
Ergebnisse. Die funktionelle Kapillardichte als Ma? für die L?nge von erythrozytenperfundierten Kapillaren pro Beobachtungsfeld war bei
den Kontrolltieren in der Reperfusionsphase dramatisch vermindert, w?hrend bei den mit DCLHb behandelten Tieren signifikant
h?here Werte nachweisbar waren (p<0,05). Diese Beobachtung spiegelte sich in einer vollst?ndigen Erholung des Gewebe-pO2 bei den Behandlungstieren wider, was in Kontrolltieren nicht erreicht wurde.
Schlussfolgerungen. Die Ergebnisse dieser Studie zeigen, dass die Sauerstoff tragende L?sung DCLHb nach kritischer Isch?mie und Reperfusion die
nutritive Perfusion und Gewebeoxygenation gegenüber kristalloiden L?sungen verbessert. Die Anwendung derartiger L?sungen scheint
unter den klinischen Bedingungen einer kritischen Isch?mie daher als viel versprechender adjuvanter therapeutischer Ansatz.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
S Bauer I Wolff N Werner P Hoffmann R Herzschuh K Oemus F W Rath R Voigt 《Toxicology and industrial health》1992,8(3):141-156
In dry etching processes--one of the sources of potential exposure to toxic wastes in the semiconductor industry--complex mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds arise from reactions between feed stock gases (BCl3/Cl2), top layers (aluminium photoresist), and the carrier gas (N2). Two different fractions of the complex mixture--one an ethanolic solution (ES) and the other an insoluble liquid residue (LR)--were examined for acute oral toxicity in rats. Analytical data showed that the ethanol soluble fraction contained mainly inorganic compounds, whereas the residue contained various halogenated hydrocarbons. Neither death nor behavioral changes occurred after oral administration and observation up to 23 days. ES caused a lower mean arterial blood pressure in both sexes, increased P-R-intervals in male rats, and caused some mild biochemical and hematological alterations and changes in relative organ weights compared to the control groups. Exposure to LR influenced food and water intake, and caused a significant decrease in body weights, signs of polyurie, as well as changes in various relative organ weights and biochemical and hematological parameters. The blood pressure of the male animals fell and the heart rates of both sexes decreased. 相似文献
17.
Cerebellar toxicity with high-dose cytosine arabinoside 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
R H Herzig J D Hines G P Herzig S N Wolff P A Cassileth H M Lazarus D J Adelstein R A Brown P F Coccia S Strandjord 《Journal of clinical oncology》1987,5(6):927-932
CNS dysfunction, especially impaired cerebellar function, is the dose-limiting toxicity associated with high-dose cytosine arabinoside, which precludes doses of greater than 48 g/m2. Four hundred eighteen patients between the ages of 2 and 74 years with leukemia or lymphoma received 36 to 48 g/m2 cytosine arabinoside either alone or with anthracycline antibiotics, 4'-(9-acridinylamino) methane sulfon-m-anisidine (m-AMSA), or total body irradiation. In only 35 of 418 patients (8%) did severe cerebellar toxicity develop; it was irreversible or fatal in four (1%) patients. The age of the patient was a critical factor in the incidence of severe cerebellar toxicity. Patients greater than 50 years old had a statistically significant greater incidence of cerebellar toxicity compared with younger patients (26/137, 19%, v 9/281, 3%; P less than .0005, chi 2). Neither the diagnosis, disease status, sex, nor the regimen altered the incidence of severe cerebellar toxicity (when corrected for age). A second course of high-dose cytosine arabinoside, administered to 62 patients, did not increase the incidence of severe cerebellar toxicity, which occurred in five (8%) of these patients. Two of the five patients had severe toxicity with the initial course. Of the 60 patients with no antecedent cerebellar dysfunction, three (5%) had severe toxicity with the second course: one of 41 patients were less than 50 years old; two of 19 patients were greater than or equal to 50 years. Since the occurrence of severe cerebellar dysfunction is greatly affected by age, reduced doses of high-dose cytosine arabinoside should be given to patients greater than 50 years old, and methods for reducing the cerebellar toxicity should be investigated in these patients. 相似文献
18.
Ileal pouch-anal anastomosis for chronic ulcerative colitis. Long-term results. 总被引:56,自引:6,他引:50 下载免费PDF全文
J H Pemberton K A Kelly R W Beart Jr R R Dozois B G Wolff D M Ilstrup 《Annals of surgery》1987,206(4):504-513
The aim of this study was to determine the long-term outcome among 390 patients with ulcerative colitis who underwent ileal J pouch-anal anastomosis and whether patient or operative factors influenced results. The combined operative morbidity rate for the pouch-anal anastomosis and the subsequent closure of the temporary ileostomy was 29% (bowel obstruction, 22%; pelvic sepsis, 5%), with one death due to pulmonary embolus. The probability of a successful outcome at 5 years was 94%. Of the 24 patients who failed (6% of total), 18 did so within 1 year (4%), three during year 2 (1%), three during year 3 (1%), and none thereafter. Stool frequency (7 stools/24 h), the occurrence of pouchitis (14%), and satisfactory daytime continence (94% of patients) remained stable over 4 years after operation, whereas nocturnal fecal spotting decreased (51% of patients to 20%). Women had more spotting than men, whereas patients over 50 years old had more stools per day than those 50 years or younger. In conclusion, ileal pouch-anal anastomosis achieved a reasonable stool frequency and satisfactory continence in patients with ulcerative colitis over the long-term. These results support the ileal pouch-anal anastomosis as a safe, satisfactory alternative to permanent ileostomy. 相似文献
19.
H. Wolff H. Lippert 《Langenbeck's archives of surgery / Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Chirurgie》1987,372(1):874-875
Zusammenfassung Von 1979 bis 1986 wurden an der Chirurgischen Klinik der Charité 190 Patienten wegen einer chronischen Pankreatitis operiert. Bei 52 Patienten mit einer cephalen Duodenopankreatektomie wurde in einer 6jährigen Verlaufsstudie die endokrine Pankreasrestfunktion verfolgt. Die eingesetzten Parameter (GTT, Serum-Insulin, C-Peptid, Sonographie, CT und Leberbiopsie) ergaben einen signifikanten Anstieg der diabetischen Stoffwechsellage, eine gesteigerte Verdauungsinsuffizienz und eine deutlich zunehmende Leberverfettung. Durch die Occlusion wird keine endokrine Schutzfunktion erkennbar. 相似文献
20.
New concepts on the pathogenesis of fever 总被引:20,自引:0,他引:20
For more than 50 years, experimental studies on fever have focused on a substance from leukocytes called leukocytic or endogenous pyrogen. Various investigators concluded that changes associated with infection--such as numbers of circulating leukocytes; levels of trace metals, amino acids, and hepatic proteins; and altered lymphocyte function--were also caused by endogenous leukocyte mediators. There was reasonable evidence that fever and these other changes were brought about through the action of a single endogenous pyrogen, now known as interleukin 1 (IL-1). Two forms of IL-1 have been cloned (IL-1 beta and IL-1 alpha), and studies of recombinant IL-1 preparations have confirmed that fever and the broad spectrum of host responses to infection and injury are indeed mediated by this substance. However, IL-1 is not the only leukocyte product that induces fever: tumor necrosis factor (cachectin) and interferon produce fever in humans and animals. Accordingly, the concept of a single endogenous pyrogen now requires modification. Nature has conferred the ability to produce fever on no fewer than three structurally distinct molecules. Investigators trying to determine what triggers the hypothalamus to initiate fever in a particular disease must now consider these three endogenous pyrogens, either alone or together, as mediators of fever. 相似文献