骨碎补化学成分和生物活性研究进展＊

骨碎补是历代临床常用中药，具有疗伤止痛、补肾强骨、消风祛斑等功效。其主要含黄酮、苯丙素、三萜、酚酸及其苷等类化学成分，现代研究表明骨碎补具有抗骨质疏松、促进骨折愈合、促软骨再生、护牙健齿、保护肾功能、抗炎、防治中毒性耳聋、降血脂等多种生物活性，开发前景广阔。本文对近年来骨碎补的化学成分、药理作用及临床应用研究进行综述，以期为骨碎补的进一步深入系统的研究和开发利用提供依据。     

Breast Elastography: How to Perform and Integrate Into a “Best-Practice” Patient Treatment Algorithm

Breast elastography has been available for more than 15 years but is not widely incorporated into clinical practice. Many publications report extremely high accuracy for various breast elastographic techniques. However, results in the literature are extremely variable. This variability is most likely due to variations in technique, a relatively steep learning curve, and variability in methods between vendors. This article describes our protocol for performing breast elastography using both strain elastography and shear wave elastography, which produces high sensitivity and specificity. Additionally, we will describe the most commonly known false-positive and false-negative lesions as well as how to detect them.     

经自然腔道取标本手术在结直肠外科手术中的应用进展

随着腔镜技术的进一步发展以及微创理念应用于结直肠外科疾病的诊治中,结直肠相关疾病的诊治发生了翻天覆地的变化。由传统的经腹手术到腹腔镜手术、经自然腔道手术,再到经自然腔道取标本手术(NOSES),结直肠疾病的外科诊治在微创领域取得了巨大成果。NOSES技术是目前结直肠外科在微创领域前沿的手术方式之一,它通过经直肠、阴道取标本来避免了腹壁的辅助取标本切口,从而将结直肠外科手术进一步微创化。NOSES技术集传统腹腔镜手术的优势与现代微创外科的理念于一体,它在确保手术效果的基础上集中体现了微创、加速康复外科、功能外科、"无疤"等理念的特点。本文主要就国内外各中心开展NOSES技术在结直肠外科诊治开展中的相关经验、心得和体会进行综述。     

Oligometastatic prostate cancer: Reality or figment of imagination?

The term “oligometastatic prostate cancer” refers to a heterogeneous group of disease states currently defined solely on the basis of clinical features. Oligorecurrent disease, de novo oligometastases, and oligoprogressive disease likely have unique biologic underpinnings and natural histories. Evidence suggesting the existence of a subset of patients who harbor prostate cancer with limited metastatic potential currently includes disparate and overwhelmingly retrospective reports. Nevertheless, emerging prospective data have corroborated the “better-than-expected,” retrospectively observed outcomes, particularly in the setting of oligorecurrent prostate cancer. Improved functional imaging with prostate-specific membrane antigen-targeted strategies may enhance the identification of patients with oligometastatic prostate cancer in the short term. In the long term, refinement of the oligometastatic case definition likely will require biologic risk-stratification schemes. To determine optimal treatment strategies and identify patients most likely to benefit from metastasis-directed therapy, future efforts should focus on conducting high-quality, prospective trials with much-needed molecular correlative studies.