Aged venous thrombi: radioimmunoimaging with fibrin-specific monoclonal antibody

Radioimmunoimaging of fresh canine venous thrombi with a murine monoclonal antibody specific for human and dog fibrin has been reported. Successful imaging of canine deep venous thrombi 1, 3, and 5 days old at the time of antibody injection is reported. Images were positive in all dogs, and the uptake of fibrin-specific antibody was equivalent to that of fresh thrombi.     

The remitting atypical psychoses: clinical and nosologic considerations

There exists in the literature a group of nonorganic psychoses which appear to have no obvious relationship to either schizophrenia or affective illness. Diagnostic terminology to classify these atypical psychoses has been varied, although features in common can be identified. For example, they often are associated with antecedent personality problems, acute onset, florid and mixed symptomatology, brief duration, and full remission with a return to premorbid level of functioning. Case material reflecting these types of psychoses is presented here, and is discussed with reference to the nosologic status of these atypical psychoses.     

福建省高校贫困大学生心理健康水平与人格特征

目的:了解贫困生的心理健康现状和人格特征。方法:于2005-09/11随机抽取福州大学、福建师范大学、福建农林大学、福建中医学院、闽江学院2002-2004级学生2400名。男1478名,女922名,平均(20±1)岁。根据2004-11-04福建省福州市政府办公厅正式下发的《福州市人民政府关于提高城区城镇及农村居民最低生活保障标准的通知》中的规定,即城镇多人户每人每个月210元、单人户230元;农村多人户每人每月155元、单人户175元,本文把家庭人均月收入较少,有一定数额债务,只能缴纳部分学杂费,基本生活费接近于当地居民最低生活保障线(如上规定,本文以230元为基准)的学生定为“贫困生”。采用精神症状自评量表和16种人格因素问卷对高校贫困生的心理健康和人格特征进行调查。结果:发放问卷2400份,收回有效问卷2111份。其中贫困生539份。①贫困生精神症状自评量表的躯体化、强迫、人际敏感、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、偏执、精神病性、其他、总症状指数得分均高于非贫困生(贫困生:1.61±0.56,2.02±0.64,1.92±0.63,1.71±0.56,1.65±0.58,1.73±0.68,1.57±0.62,1.81±0.65,1.67±0.54,1.76±0.63,1.74±0.49;非贫困生:1.48±0.45,1.89±0.56,1.79±0.57,1.61±0.51,1.54±0.50,1.61±0.56,1.44±0.49,1.66±0.54,1.54±0.46,1.61±0.53,1.62±0.41,P<0.01)。男女贫困生之间各因子分差异均不显著(P>0.05)。②福建省高校贫困大学生的心理问题检出率为24.5%,其中轻度心理问题(2≤因子分<3)为22.6%;中度心理问题(3≤因子分<4)为1.7%;重度心理问题(4≤因子分<5)为0.2%。心理问题以强迫、人际敏感、偏执、忧郁、敌对、焦虑等心理问题最为突出。③16种人格因素问卷中,贫困生乐群性、聪慧性、兴奋性、敏感性、怀疑性上得分低于非贫困生,有恒性、忧虑性、独立性得分高于非贫困生(贫困生:5.20±1.77,4.70±1.93,5.49±1.87,6.46±1.79,4.29±1.71,4.60±1.63,6.64±1.82,5.07±1.82;非贫困生:5.39±1.74,4.95±1.99,5.82±1.91,6.66±1.75,4.55±1.77,4.36±1.69,6.43±1.94,4.89±1.77,P<0.05～0.01)。④影响贫困生心理健康水平的主要人格因素按其影响作用从大到小有怀疑性、忧虑性、稳定性、兴奋性、自律性。结论:福建省高校贫困大学生的心理健康状况令人担忧,其人格特征对心理健康水平有重要影响。     

骨髓间充质干细胞向胰岛素分泌细胞诱导分化的动态观察

目的:探讨体外诱导骨髓间充质干细胞向胰岛素分泌细胞分化的可能性,并观察其动态变化。方法:实验于2005-09/2007-03在山东大学齐鲁医院完成。①标本来源:骨髓标本15例来自山东大学齐鲁医院成人骨髓检查结果正常者,均签署捐献同意书。②实验方法:无菌条件下取骨髓2.0～5.0mL,采用percoll分离液和贴壁法获得纯化的成人骨髓间充质干细胞。③实验评估:流式细胞仪行细胞表面抗原检测,在适当的条件下诱导其分化为成骨细胞和脂肪细胞。采用两步法向胰岛素分泌细胞诱导,观察其在碱性成纤维细胞生长因子、活化素A、胰岛素样生长因子、尼克酰胺等因子刺激下向胰岛素分泌细胞分化的动态变化。双硫踪染色鉴定胰岛样细胞团,酶联免疫吸附试验检测细胞分泌胰岛素的情况,RT-PCR检测胰岛细胞特异基因的表达。结果:①骨髓间充质干细胞的生长特性及免疫表型:分离培养获得的贴壁细胞,呈形态均一的梭形,流式细胞仪检测CD34、CD45表达阴性,CD29、CD44表达阳性。②向成骨细胞和脂肪细胞的诱导分化:此类细胞经茜素红染色、油红O染色均呈阳性,可诱导分化为成骨细胞和脂肪细胞。③向胰岛素分泌细胞的诱导分化:第1步诱导后出现细胞簇,双硫腙染色不着色,胰岛素分泌量少,仅检测到PDX-1基因的表达,证实其为胰岛前体细胞。第2步诱导后细胞簇数目逐渐上升,至诱导14d大部分细胞簇经双硫腙染色都呈红色。④诱导后培养上清中胰岛素含量:诱导第3,7,14,21天的胰岛素分泌量分别为(15.3±4.9),(34.1±5.6),(40.4±5.3),(39.8±5.1)mU/L。⑤胰岛细胞特异基因的表达:诱导7d仅检测到PDX-1基因的表达,insulin1、insulin2和Glut2基因均不表达。诱导14,21d检测到insulin2、PDX-1基因表达,insulin1基因弱表达,Glut2基因不表达。结论:体外分离、纯化得到的骨髓间充质干细胞诱导7d可分化出胰岛前体细胞,不具功能性;诱导14d后可成功地分化出成熟的具有功能性的胰岛素分泌细胞。     

The role of demographic characteristics and readiness to change in 12-month outcome from two distinct brief interventions for impaired drivers

Objectives

This study tested specific intervention responsivity to brief intervention in driving while impaired by alcohol and/or drugs recidivists based upon their demographic, substance use, and initial readiness to change characteristics.

Methods

A nonclinical community-based sample of 184 male and female recidivists was randomly assigned to receive one of two 30-minute interventions: brief motivational interviewing (n = 92) or an information–advice session (n = 92). Dependent variables were change at the 6- and 12-month follow-ups from baseline in percentage of risky drinking days and blood assay biomarkers of alcohol misuse. Independent variables were age, gender, education, past convictions for impaired driving, and baseline alcohol and drug misuse severity and readiness to change.

Results

Recidivists who were younger, male, and exhibited more negative consequences and ambivalence towards their problem drinking improved more on alcohol-related outcomes, irrespective of intervention type.

Conclusions

The results do not convincingly indicate specific intervention responsivity based upon participant characteristics but provide preliminary guidance about which recidivists are most apt to benefit from these brief approaches.     

乳腺癌组织NRF-1表达及其意义的探讨

目的:探讨乳腺癌组织中核呼吸因子-1(NRF-1)蛋白表达与乳腺癌发生、发展及临床病理特征的关系。方法:采用免疫组化EnVision二步法,对211例乳腺癌组织和50例乳腺良性病变组织中NRF-1蛋白表达进行检测。结果:NRF-1蛋白表达定位于细胞核,着色呈棕黄色,乳腺癌中阳性表达(82.7%)低于乳腺良性病变组织阳性表达(100%),χ2=100.288,P=0.000;高分化乳腺癌NRF-1阳性率明显高于中、低分化乳腺癌(χ2=16.242,P=0.001;χ2=72.802,P=0.000),中分化乳腺癌也明显高于低分化乳腺癌,χ2=30.190,P=0.000。乳腺癌淋巴结转移患者NRF-1蛋白阳性表达率明显低于未转移者,χ2=12.025,P=0.007;TNM分期中I期NRF-1蛋白阳性表达率明显高于Ⅱ、Ⅲ期,χ2=12.025,P=0.007。结论:NRF-1蛋白的表达可能与乳腺癌的发生发展密切相关,可作为乳腺癌患者疾病进展监控和预后观测的指标,具有临床应用价值。     

Comparative assessment of the SOS Chromotest kit and the Mutatox test with the Salmonella plate incorporation (Ames test) and fluctuation tests for screening genotoxic agents

Genuine needs for rapid, simple, and cost-efficient biotesting procedures to screen an ever-increasing number of chemicals and environmental samples are making the search for such assays a constant endeavor. With respect to genotoxicity screening, we compared, in this study, the performance of two novel assays (Vibrio fischeri M169 Mutatox? assay and the Escherichia coli PQ37 SOS Chromotest kit assay) with two well-established Ames testing procedures (plate incorporation and fluctuation assays). Testing material included 14 chemicals (10 potentially directly acting and 4 indirectly acting compounds) reflecting different chemical classes (2 inorganics, 2 pesticides, 2 halogenated hydrocarbons, 2 alkylating agents, 2 aromatic amines, 1 chlorophenol, and 3 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons). Comparative assessment criteria included (1) interprocedural agreement in detecting presence or absence of genotoxicity, (2) accuracy in being able to recognize animal (non)carcinogens, and (3) sensitivity (detection of lowest actively genotoxic concentration). In terms of qualitative responses, both the SOS Chromotest (86% agreement) and Mutatox assays (93% agreement) were good predictors of the Ames testing mutagenicity. For their capability to correctly discriminate between (non)carcinogens, accuracy was 82% (9 of 11 chemicals) for Mutatox, 73% (8 of 11 chemicals) for Ames testing, and 64% (7 of 11 chemicals) for the SOS Chromotest. In general, the Salmonella-based assays proved more sensitive (6 times out of 9 chemicals) than the Mutatox (3 times out of 9 chemicals) and the SOS Chromotest (never more sensitive). Overall, this study demonstrates reliable performances by both the SOS Chromotest and Mutatox for chemical genotoxicity screening when results are referenced to the well-validated Ames assay. Although additional comparative data with other chemicals will be required, it appears likely that these more practical and cost-efficient procedures can be presently useful to screen genotoxic activity of various xenobiotics and environmental samples. © 1994 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc..     

Psoriasis under the microscope

Histopathology is a major diagnostic tool in dermatology, particularly in psoriasiform diseases. Morphological studies showed that the initial event in psoriatic lesions is perivascular infiltrate, followed by dilatation of superficial papillary vessels. Proliferation of keratinocytes and neutrophil exocytosis are secondary events. Fully developed psoriasis has a very characteristic pattern, which includes elongation of rete ridges leading to regular acanthosis, oedema of the papillary dermis associated with tortuous dilated vessels, thinning of suprapapillar area, decreased thickness of granular layer, and exocytosis of neutrophils in the spinous layer (Kogoj's pustule) or in the cornified parakeratotic layer (Munro microabscesses). Pustular psoriasis is characterized by large or confluent intra‐epidermal multilocular pustules. Whatever the clinical variant of psoriasis, common morphological signs suggest that it is basically a unique pathological process, with many possible presentations according to various factors such as age, size and localization of lesions, or therapy. Similar microscopic elementary lesions indicate that Hallopeau's acrodermatitis continua, Reiter's disease and geographical tongue are variants of psoriasis. Because of the many faces of the disease, psoriasis can resemble many other squamous or pustular disorders. Differential diagnosis by microscopic analysis is based on pattern analysis, PAS (Periodic Acid Schiff) staining to rule out fungal infection, and immunohistochemistry to characterize lymphocytic infiltrate. Psoriasis is one of the most common inflammatory skin diseases. In its characteristic presentation, psoriasis comprises well‐circumscribed red scaly papules and plaques. In this form, the disease is generally easy to identify, especially when the elbows, knees and scalp are affected. Nevertheless, the term ‘psoriasis’ includes more clinical variants than any other inflammatory dermatosis: psoriasis vulgaris vs. pustular, localized vs. generalized, topographic variants, mucous membranes involvement, hair and nail lesions. Although some of these conditions might be extremely different from psoriasis vulgaris, common pathological findings can be identified in all of them. Microscopic analysis of psoriatic lesions may therefore help clinicians to make the diagnosis and to understand that, whatever the clinical presentation, signs and symptoms are mainly due to a unique pathological process.