肺浸润性黏液腺癌1例报告及文献复习

目的：探讨肺浸润性黏液腺癌（IMAs）患者的临床特征、诊断方法和治疗过程,提高临床医生对IMAs的认识。方法：收集1例IMAs患者的一般资料、影像学表现和治疗方案,并进行相关文献复习。结果：患者,女性,42岁,因咳嗽和咳痰入院,CT检查显示双肺斑片状影,因疑似双肺肺炎行抗感染治疗后症状未见好转,经支气管镜肺活检术（TBLB）及胸水脱落细胞检测结果均为炎性表现,后经皮穿刺活检病理回报为IMAs。基因检测结果为KRAS外显子2点突变。行紫杉醇加卡铂并联合应用血管靶向药物贝伐珠单抗化疗后,患者临床症状明显改善,肺部影像学表现明显改变。结论：IMAs是一种特殊病理类型的肺腺癌（ADCs）,该类患者影像学表现多样,基因表达特殊,治疗原则与其他类型ADCs不同。     

保定市843名放射工作人员职业健康状况

目的 分析843名放射工作人员职业健康监护资料和个人剂量监测数据,为进一步做好放射防护工作提供参考依据。方法 收集2016年至2017年保定市843名放射工作人员的职业健康检查资料及个人剂量监测数据,对职业健康检查状况进行检查,同时对四项敏感指标(包括血常规、眼晶状体状况、甲状腺功能、染色体畸变)进行检测,运用SPSS 17.0进行方差分析和趋势性χ²分析。结果 女性放射工作人员的血常规异常率高于男性,差别有统计学意义(P=0.014);职业健康检查结果异常率(P=0.002)、甲功五项异常率(P=0.024)随着工龄增加逐渐增加,差别有统计学意义;1~5 mSv组的眼晶状体混浊率高于最低探测水平(MDL)~<1 mSv组,差别有统计学意义(P=0.028)。从事核医学(P=0.040)、介入放射学(P=0.012)人员的染色体畸变率均大于放射诊断人员,差别有统计学意义。结论 小剂量电离辐射长期照射会对放射工作人员的健康状况产生影响,女性、高工龄、从事介入放射学和核医学的放射工作人员更易发生职业性损害。     

Safety and Effectiveness of Transvenous Lead Extraction in Octogenarians

Transvenous Lead Extraction . Introduction: As the population ages, the number of elderly patients with implantable cardiac devices referred for transvenous lead extraction will dramatically increase in Western countries. The safety and effectiveness of lead extraction in elderly patients has not been well evaluated. We report the safety and effectiveness of transvenous lead extraction in octogenarians. Methods and Results: From January 2005 to January 2011, we reviewed data from consecutive patients ≥ 80 years referred to our institutions for transvenous lead extraction because of cardiac device infection or lead malfunction. Clinical characteristics, procedural features, and periprocedural major and minor complications were compared between octogenarians and younger patients. Out of 849 patients undergoing lead extraction in the participating institutions during the study period, 150 (18%) patients were octogenarians (mean age 84 years; range 80–96; 64% males). A significantly higher percentage of octogenarians presented with chronic renal failure (55% vs 26%; P < 0.001), history of malignancy (22% vs 6%; P < 0.001), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (46% vs 19%; P < 0.001). Complete lead extraction rates were similar in the 2 age groups (97% in octogenarians vs 96% in patients <80 years; P = 0.39). Periprocedural death occurred in 2 (1.3%) patients ≥80 years and in 5 (0.72%) patients <80 years (P = 0.45 for comparison). No differences in terms of other periprocedural major and minor complications were found between the 2 age groups. Conclusion: Despite presenting with a significantly higher rate of comorbidities, transvenous lead extraction can be performed safely and successfully in octogenarians. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 23 pp. 1103‐1108, October 2012)     

Management of bleeding disorders in adults

Development of FVIII inhibitors is currently the most severe and challenging complication of haemophilia A treatment and represents a very large economic burden for a chronic disease. As a result, clinical research is making major efforts to optimize the therapeutic approaches for this condition. In this section we will review some important aspects of the management of haemophilia in adults, including an overview of bleeding in women with von Willebrand disease, an analysis of FVIII consumption in patients with severe haemophilia A, an update of the ongoing RES.I.ST study, long-term prophylaxis and experience from the Pro.Will study, current evidence relating to economic aspects of the treatment of haemophilic patients with inhibitors (based on the PROFIT study), and an overview of musculoskeletal complications in adults with severe bleeding disorders.     

中医不同治法诱导肌源性干细胞向成骨细胞诱导分化中SDF-1蛋白表达的比较研究

目的 探究在中医补肾、健脾、补肾健脾的不同方法下,人骨形态发生蛋白2（BMP-2）诱导大鼠肌源性干细胞（MDSCs）成骨分化的过程中基质细胞衍生因子1（SDF-1）蛋白含量变化。方法 购置体外分离培养大鼠肌源性干细胞(MDSCs)。用随机数字表法将60只SPF级SD大鼠分为6组,依次为正常组、诱导液组、诱导液+补肾阴组（左归丸组）、诱导液+补肾阳组（右归丸组）、诱导液+健脾组（补中益气汤组）、诱导液+补肾健脾组。对大鼠进行7 d灌胃,大鼠胃容积为 1 mL /100 g,以此为大鼠配药及灌胃,制备含药血清。通过茜素红染色观察其细胞形态,使用qRT-PCR法、ELISA检测上述各组细胞中SDF-1mRNA及蛋白表达。结果 ①qRT-PCR检测结果显示：与正常组相比,诱导组、补肾阴组、补肾阳组、健脾组、补肾健脾组显著升高;与诱导组比较,除健脾组外,其余各组组中SDF-1均显著升高,且具有统计学意义(P<0.05);②ELISA检测结果表明：与正常组相比,诱导组、补肾阴组、补肾阳组、健脾组、补肾健脾组中SDF-1mRNA相对表达量均高于正常组,除补肾阴组与补肾健脾组外均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);与诱导组相比,除补肾健脾组外,补肾阴组、补肾阳组、健脾组均具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 ①大鼠肌源性干细胞(MDSCs)向成骨细胞的转化与SDF-1的水平升高有关;②补肾阴、补肾阳、健脾和补肾健脾法大鼠肌源性干细胞(MDSCs)向成骨细胞诱导分化的过程中存在正向促进作用,可能是通过提高SDF-1水平来促进成骨细胞的转化。     

经肛减压导管置入处理结直肠癌并急性梗阻的临床观察

目的 探讨内镜辅助下经肛门置入减压导管在低位结直肠癌并急性肠梗阻中的应用及疗效观察。方法 13例急性结直肠癌性梗阻患者在结肠镜辅助下,经肛门置入肠梗阻减压导,灌洗、引流等保守治疗7~10天后行一期根治手术。结果 13例患者均成功置入减压导管;术后患者腹痛、腹胀明显缓解,腹胀呕吐症状消失;置管后第3天,腹围由92.7±5.7 cm减小到81.2±4.8 cm;腹腔内压力由21.00±1.5 cmH₂O减至12.2±0.8 cmH₂O;减压导管引流量从782.3±72.1 mL下降至33.8±15.3 mL;梗阻近端肠管最大横径由5.4±0.6 cm缩小至2±0.3 cm（均P<0.001）。所有患者均接受一期结肠癌根治手术,术后未发生吻合口漏、伤口、腹腔感染等并发症。结论 对于低位结直肠癌伴发急性肠梗阻,经肛门置管减压不仅可显著缓解梗阻症状同时有利于改善患者全身状况并进行充分的术前准备,为一期根治性手术赢得时机;具有有效、安全、经济、创伤小等优势。