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991.
    
Gout is a self‐limited inflammatory disease caused by deposition of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals in the joints. Resolution of inflammation is an active process leading to restoration of tissue homeostasis. Here, we studied the role of Annexin A1 (AnxA1), a glucocorticoid‐regulated protein that has anti‐inflammatory and proresolving actions, in resolution of acute gouty inflammation. Injection of MSU crystals in the knee joint of mice induced inflammation that was associated with expression of AnxA1 during the resolving phase of inflammation. Neutralization of AnxA1 with antiserum or blockade of its receptor with BOC‐1 (nonselective) or WRW4 (selective) prevented the spontaneous resolution of gout. There was greater neutrophil infiltration after challenge with MSU crystals in AnxA1 knockout mice (AnxA1?/?) and delayed resolution associated to decreased neutrophil apoptosis and efferocytosis. Pretreatment of mice with AnxA1‐active N‐terminal peptide (Ac2–26) decreased neutrophil influx, IL‐1β, and CXCL1 production in periarticular joint. Posttreatment with Ac2–26 decreased neutrophil accumulation, IL‐1β, and hypernociception, and improved the articular histopathological score. Importantly, the therapeutic effects of Ac2–26 were associated with increased neutrophils apoptosis and shortened resolution intervals. In conclusion, AnxA1 plays a crucial role in the context of acute gouty inflammation by promoting timely resolution of inflammation.  相似文献   
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Cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte‐associated antigen 4 (CTLA‐4) molecule is expressed on T‐lymphocyte membrane and negatively influences the antigen‐presenting process. Reduced expression of CTLA‐4 due to gene polymorphisms is associated with increased risk of autoimmune disorders, whose physiopathology is similar to that of post‐transfusion red blood cell (RBC) alloimmunization. Our goal was to evaluate if polymorphisms of CTLA‐4 gene that affect protein expression are associated with RBC alloimmunization. This was a case–control study in which 134 sickle cell disease (SCD) patients and 253 non‐SCD patients were included. All patients were genotyped for the polymorphisms 49A/G and ‐318C/T of CTLA‐4 gene. The genotype frequency of ‐318C/T differed significantly between alloimmunized and nonalloimmunized SCD patients, irrespective of clinical confounders (= .016). SCD patients heterozygous for ‐318T allele presented higher risk of alloantibody development (OR: 5.4, CI: 1.15–25.6). In conclusion, the polymorphism ‐318C/T of CTLA‐4 gene is associated with RBC alloimmunization among SCD patients. This highlights the role played by CTLA‐4 on post‐transfusion alloantibody development.  相似文献   
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Clinical Rheumatology - Health education is fundamental in the management of RA patients. This study explored patient needs for educational material appropriate for RA patients in our region...  相似文献   
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Excessive alcohol consumption is associated with neuroinflammation, which likely contributes to alcohol‐related pathology. However, positron emission tomography (PET) studies using radioligands for the 18‐kDa translocator protein (TSPO), which is considered a biomarker of neuroinflammation, reported decreased binding in alcohol use disorder (AUD) participants compared to controls. In contrast, autoradiographic findings in alcohol exposed rats reported increases in TSPO radioligand binding. To assess if these discrepancies reflected differences between in vitro and in vivo methodologies, we compared in vitro autoradiography (using [3H]PBR28 and [3H]PK11195) with in vivo PET (using [11C]PBR28) in male, Wistar rats exposed to chronic alcohol‐vapor (dependent n = 10) and in rats exposed to air‐vapor (nondependent n = 10). PET scans were obtained with [11C]PBR28, after which rats were euthanized and the brains were harvested for autoradiography with [3H]PBR28 and [3H]PK11195 (n = 7 dependent and n = 7 nondependent), and binding quantified in hippocampus, thalamus, and parietal cortex. Autoradiography revealed significantly higher binding in alcohol‐dependent rats for both radioligands in thalamus and hippocampus (trend level for [3H]PBR28) compared to nondependent rats, and these group differences were stronger for [3H]PK11195 than [3H]PBR28. In contrast, PET measures obtained in the same rats showed no group difference in [11C]PBR28 binding. Our in vitro data are consistent with neuroinflammation associated with chronic alcohol exposure. Failure to observe similar increases in [11C]PBR28 binding in vivo suggests the possibility that a mechanism mediated by chronic alcohol exposure interferes with [11C]PBR28 binding to TSPO in vivo. These data question the sensitivity of PBR28 PET as a methodology to assess neuroinflammation in AUD.  相似文献   
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Scalping is considered a complex wound with difficult treatment, requiring early surgical intervention, reconstructive plastic surgery, and a multidisciplinary team. The reconstruction of the scalp frequently requires a combination of therapies, including temporary coverage, such as negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT). Complications of NPWT, such as bleeding, infection, and pain, have been described. However, there is no report of acute otitis externa (AOE) because of NPWT. In this article, we present an unprecedented clinical case – a female patient who developed AOE after scalping treatment with NPWT applied over the head and ear canal. We consider that it may be a result of the direct physical action of subatmospheric pressure, the presence of dressing covering the external meatus, and alteration of the bacterial population.  相似文献   
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