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11.
Ahmadiyeh N Churchill GA Solberg LC Baum AE Shimomura K Takahashi JS Redei EE 《Behavior genetics》2005,35(2):189-198
A genome-wide scan was carried out on a segregating F2 population of rats derived from reciprocal intercrosses between two inbred strains of rats, Fisher 344 (F344) and Wistar Kyoto (WKY) that differ significantly in their behavioral coping responses to stress measured by the defensive burying (DB) test. The DB test measures differences in coping strategies by assaying an animals behavioral response to an immediate threat. We have previously identified three X-linked loci contributing to the phenotypic variance in behavioral coping. Here we report on six significant autosomal quantitative trait loci (QTL) related to different behaviors in the DB test:one for the number of shocks received, three for number of prod approaches, one for latency to bury, and one pleiotropic locus affecting both approach and latency. These QTL contributing to different aspects of coping behaviors show that the effect of genotype on phenotype is highly dependent on lineage. The WKY lineage was particularly influential, with five out of the six QTL affecting coping behavior only in rats of the WKY lineage, and one locus affecting only those in the F344 lineage. Thus, epigenetic factors, primarily of WKY origin, may significantly modulate the genetic contribution to variance in behavioral responses to stress in the DB test. 相似文献
12.
Harris Brett R. Maher Brianna M. Wentworth Leah 《The journal of behavioral health services & research》2022,49(2):252-258
The Journal of Behavioral Health Services & Research - Mental health has long been a challenge on college and university campuses. Though it has historically taken a back seat to physical... 相似文献
13.
Leah R. Ketcheson Erin E. Centeio Erin E. Snapp Hayley B. McKown Jeffrey J. Martin 《Disability and health journal》2021,14(1):100952
BackgroundChildren with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) often experience increased barriers to engaging in physical activity (PA) which can stem from lack of gross motor function (GMF) development. Intervening on GMF at an early age can create better opportunities for children with IDD to engage in regular PA. In turn, increased PA can improve health outcomes and increase social skills.ObjectiveThe primary objective of this pilot study was to explore the effectiveness of a community-based GMF-focused PA intervention for improving overall motor skills and PA for children with IDD.MethodsAll study participants (n = 24) engaged in 10 weeks of programming for 1 h each week. A convenience sample was utilized.ResultsResults indicated no statistically significant changes pre to post for motor skill scores. However, a visual analysis of mean changes showed a consistent pattern of increased scores from pre to post on most skills. Additionally, we found that a change in participant locomotor skills significantly predicted change in Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity (MVPA), F (1,11) = 5.16, Adj R2 = .26, p = .04.ConclusionsThese results suggest individualized attention on GMF may help to increase motor skills for children with IDD. This study adds to the small but growing amount of research examining the efficacy of community based adapted PA interventions. Further, study results should support continued exploration of effective approaches to address the motor delays experienced by children with IDD. 相似文献
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Michaela Gaffley Lucas P. Neff Leah M. Sieren Kristen A. Zeller Thomas Pranikoff Tammy Rush John K. Petty 《Journal of pediatric surgery》2021,56(2):297-301
PurposeAbout half of pediatric blunt trauma patients undergo an abdominopelvic computed tomographic (CT) scan, while few of these require intervention for an intraabdominal injury. We evaluated the effectiveness of an evidence-based guideline for blunt abdominal trauma at a Level I pediatric trauma center.MethodsPediatric blunt trauma patients (n = 998) age 0–15 years who presented from the injury scene were evaluated over a 10 year period. After five years, we implemented our guideline in which the decision for CT was standardized based on mental status, abdominal examination, and laboratory results (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, hemoglobin, urinalysis).ResultsThere were no differences in age, GCS, SIPA or ISS scores between the patients before or after guideline implementation. Nearly half of the patients (48.3%) underwent CT scan before guideline implementation compared to 36.7% after (p < 0.0002). There was no difference in ISS (p = 0.44) between CT scanned patients in either group. No statistical differences were found in rate of intervention (p = 0.20), length of stay (p = 0.65), or readmission rate (0.2%) before versus after guideline implementation. There were no missed injuries.ConclusionImplementation of an evidence-based clinical guideline for pediatric patients with blunt abdominal trauma decreases the rate of CT utilization while accurately identifying significant injuries.Level of evidenceIII. 相似文献
15.
Maggie E. Bosley Michaela W. G. Gaffley Kristen A. Zeller Leah M. Sieren John K. Petty Thomas Pranikoff Lucas P. Neff 《Journal of pediatric surgery》2021,56(4):825-828
The management of choledocholithiasis in children and teenagers is often a two-procedure process with laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) and either pre- or post-operative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). The addition of laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (LCBDE) during LC can provide definitive treatment for choledocholithiasis during a single anesthetic event. In an effort to minimize sedation and radiation exposure from fluoroscopy, we have employed dilating balloons via a transcystic approach to stretch the sphincter of Oddi with subsequent ductal flushing. We describe the technique of balloon sphincteroplasty as a straightforward adjunct within the pediatric surgeon's skill set to manage choledocholithiasis during LC and our clinical experience. 相似文献
16.
Dane Christina Daoud MD Elena M. S. Cartagena MD MSc Katherine J. P. Schwenger RD PhD Nicha Somlaw MD Leah Gramlich MD Scott Whittaker MD David Armstrong MD Brian Jurewitsch PharmD Matreyi Raman MD Donald R. Duerksen MD James D. McHattie MD Johane P. Allard MD 《JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition》2022,46(2):348-356
17.
Lisa J Frigati Katalin A Wilkinson Stanzi le Roux Karryn Brown Sheena Ruzive Leah Githinji Wonita Petersen Sabine Belard Mark F Cotton Landon Myer Heather J Zar 《Journal of the International AIDS Society》2021,24(3)
IntroductionThere are limited data on Tuberculosis (TB) in adolescents with perinatally acquired HIV (APHIV). We examined the incidence and determinants of TB infection and disease in the Cape Town Adolescent Antiretroviral Cohort (CTAAC).MethodsYouth between nine and fourteen years on antiretroviral therapy (ART) for more than six months in public sector care, and age‐matched HIV‐negative adolescents, were enrolled between July 2013 through March 2015 and followed six‐monthly. Data were censored on 31 October 2018. Symptom screening, chest radiograph, viral load, CD4 count, QuantiFERON (QFT) and sputum for Xpert MTB/RIF, microscopy, culture and sensitivity were performed annually. TB infection was defined by a QFT of >0.35 IU/mL. TB diagnosis was defined as confirmed (culture or Xpert MTB/RIF positive) or unconfirmed (clinical diagnosis and started on TB treatment). Analyses examined the incidence and determinants of TB infection and disease.ResultsOverall 496 HIV+ and 103 HIV‐negative participants (median age at enrolment 12 years (interquartile range, IQR 10.6 to 13.3) were followed for a median of 3.1 years (IQR 3.0 to 3.4); 50% (298/599) were male. APHIV initiated ART at median age 4.4 years (IQR 2.1 to 7.6). At enrolment, 376/496 (76%) had HIV viral load <40 copies/mL, median CD4 count was 713 cells/mm3 and 179/559 (32%) were QFT+, with no difference by HIV status (APHIV 154/468, 33%; HIV negative 25/91, 27%; p = 0.31). The cumulative QFT+ prevalence was similar (APHIV 225/492, 46%; 95%CI 41% to 50%; HIV negative 44/98, 45%; 95% CI 35% to 55%; p = 0.88). APHIV had a higher incidence of all TB disease than HIV‐negative adolescents (2.2/100PY, 95% CI 1.6 to 3.1 vs. 0.3/100PY, 95% CI 0.04 to 2.2; IRR 7.36, 95% CI 1.01 to 53.55). The rate of bacteriologically confirmed TB in APHIV was 1.3/100 PY compared to 0.3/100PY for HIV‐negative adolescents, suggesting a fourfold increased risk of developing TB disease in APHIV despite access to ART. In addition, a positive QFT at enrolment was not predictive of TB in this population.ConclusionsHigh incidence rates of TB disease occur in APHIV despite similar QFT conversion rates to HIV‐negative adolescents. Strategies to prevent TB in this vulnerable group must be strengthened. 相似文献
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20.
Stephen F Stanziale Henrik Petrowsky Prasad S Adusumilli Leah Ben-Porat Mithat Gonen Yuman Fong 《Clinical cancer research》2004,10(9):3225-3232
PURPOSE: The antitumor efficacy of a herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1 oncolytic virus depends on the cytotoxic effect of the virus, but also on viral replication and spread within the tumor. Apoptosis is considered a defense mechanism of infected cells that minimizes the spread of viral progeny by limiting cellular production of virus. We sought to determine whether oncolytic HSV-1 infection induces apoptosis in neighboring, uninfected cells and whether manipulation of apoptosis can increase viral replication and cytotoxicity. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: NV1066 is an oncolytic HSV-1 mutant that contains the marker gene for enhanced green fluorescent protein. OCUM human gastric cancer cells were infected with NV1066 in vitro and inspected for apoptosis by Hoechst and terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated nick end labeling staining and for infection by expression of green fluorescence. RESULTS: A significant increase in apoptosis was seen in cells infected by NV1066. More interestingly, a significant percentage (10%) of uninfected cells also proceeded to apoptosis. After NV1066 infection, cells were also treated with N-acetylcysteine (NAC), an inhibitor of apoptosis. By day 4 after infection, 2.7x more NV1066 was produced in cells exposed to NAC than in those not exposed to NV1066 (P = 0.04). NAC also increased tumor kill when administered with virus. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that NV1066 induces apoptosis in uninfected cocultured cells, potentially hindering propagation of viral progeny and concomitant tumor kill. Inhibition of apoptosis may improve the efficacy of oncolytic HSV-1 therapy. 相似文献