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41.
E Lang 《Zeitschrift für Gerontologie》1988,21(6):352-358
The potential of rehabilitation for geriatric patients depends on physiological considerations about the aging organism, as well as diseases, accompanied by the natural aging process. A common feature of the aging process of human organs is a general loss of adaptability that contributes to hypocirculation. The potential for rehabilitation may be considerably limited by diseases which burden the circulatory system (atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, hypertension, and hypotension). Cardiac arrhythmias occurring during rehabilitation procedures call for special care. Mode and intensity of the rehabilitation program will be determined by cardiac and circulatory reactions following active rehabilitation procedures. Isometric exercise stress in conjunction with pressure breathing leads to an excessive rise of blood pressure in systemic and pulmonary circulation. Therefore dynamic muscle actions should be preferred as the most reasonable active training, but there is the possibility of heart-circulation problems arising, depending on the intensity of training. 相似文献
42.
Self-report questionnaires completed by young adults with Type I diabetes were examined to determine if individuals differing in recent metabolic control (Poor, Moderate or Very Good) or disease duration (Long, Short) also vary in either occurrence or type of life events during the past year or occurrence of recent emotional distress. Subjects in Poor control reported more positive and neutral life events during the past year, suggesting even those life changes individuals view benignly may be associated with metabolic control difficulties. Individuals in Poor control also reported more recent symptoms of depression, anxiety and hostility than did individuals in Moderate or Very Good control--symptomatology which may further impair their ability to adhere to a complex self-care regimen. Individuals with Long disease duration reported more positive and negative recent life experiences than did subjects with Short disease duration, but did not evidence concomitant disruptions in metabolic control. The role experience with a chronic disease may play in this finding was unclear, however. Although more research is required to clarify the exact relation of psychosocial variables and diabetic control, these findings suggest that clinically relevant subgroup parameters, subjects' perceptions of life change, and demographic variables may be important factors to assess. 相似文献
43.
Luiz C M Pereira Vanessa N Palter Anthony E Lang William D Hutchison Andres M Lozano Jonathan O Dostrovsky 《Movement disorders》2004,19(12):1485-1492
The pathophysiological changes in neural activity that characterize multiple system atrophy (MSA) are largely unknown. We recorded the activity of pallidal neurons in 3 patients with clinical and radiological features of MSA who underwent unilateral microelectrode-guided pallidotomy for disabling parkinsonism. Findings in these patients were compared with 4 control patients with a clinical diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD). The position, firing rates, and firing patterns of single neurons in the pallidal complex were analyzed in both MSA and PD patients. The mean spontaneous firing rate of neurons in the internal segment of the globus pallidus internus (GPii) was significantly lower in MSA than in PD patients. There were no significant differences between MSA and PD patients, however, in firing rates of neurons in the external globus pallidus (GPe) or in the external segment of GPi (GPie). In addition, no significant differences in firing pattern were found between MSA and PD patients. In conclusion, this study has shown that firing rates of neurons in GPii but not in GPie and GPe are different in MSA patients compared with that in PD patients, a finding that may reflect the poor clinical results of pallidotomy reported in patients with MSA. 相似文献
44.
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46.
Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome IgG depletes presynaptic membrane active zone particles by antigenic modulation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) is an autoimmune disease that can be transmitted from human to mouse with immunoglobulin G (IgG). Electrophysiological studies indicate that LEMS IgG acts on presynaptic voltage-sensitive calcium channels, probably reducing their number, and freeze-fracture electron microscopy demonstrates that LEMS IgG has an effect on the presynaptic active zone particles, which represent putative voltage-sensitive calcium channels. The active zone particles, normally arranged in double parallel rows, move closer together, form clusters, and are reduced in number. The morphological data suggest modulation of the active zone particles crosslinked by LEMS IgG. If this were the case, then only divalent LEMS IgG and F(ab')2 should alter the deployment of active zone particles and monovalent Fab should be without effect. To test this hypothesis, mouse diaphragms were exposed to control and LEMS IgG and IgG fragments in organ culture for 24 hours and then studied by quantitative freeze-fracture electron microscopy. Divalent LEMS IgG and F(ab')2 aggregated and depleted the active zone particles, whereas monovalent Fab had no effect. The findings reconfirm that the active zone particles are targets of LEMS IgG and are direct evidence for modulation of the particles by LEMS IgG. The findings are in harmony with parallel electrophysiological studies of the effects of LEMS IgG fragments on transmitter release in the same diaphragm muscles (Lang et al, J Physiol 1987;390:173P). 相似文献
47.
Zentrale Gallengangskarzinome 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Prof. Dr. H. Lang G. M. Kaiser T. Zöpf G. C. Sotiropoulos A. Frilling M. Malagó C. E. Broelsch 《Der Chirurg》2006,77(4):325-334
Surgical resection provides the only chance of cure for patients suffering from hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Due to the central anatomic localization within the liver hilum, established guidelines of oncologic surgery are difficult to apply. Resection of the hilar bifurcation alone or in combination with limited hepatic resection can be performed with low morbidity and low mortality but shows a high rate of local tumor recurrence. Usually, extended resection is required to achieve adequate safety margins. Right trisectionectomy complies best with the basic rules of oncologic surgery while allowing the maximum safety margin. The 5-year survival rates reported after right trisectionectomy range between 20% and 40% and reach 59% in selected patients. The increasing experience with living donor transplantation and recent advances in neoadjuvant tumor therapy may lead to renewed discussion of liver transplantation in hilar cholangiocarcinoma. 相似文献
48.
L Lang 《Environmental health perspectives》1995,103(4):334-336
49.
Prof. Dr. Dr. A. A. Fauser M. D. Ph. D. Dr. E. Lang Dr. G. Köchling Prof. Dr. F. D. Daschner 《Infection》1994,22(4):271-275
Summary A prospective, randomized clinical trial comparing combination therapy with ceftriaxone and teicoplanin versus ceftazidime and teicoplanin in the treatment of febrile episodes in neutropenic cancer patients and bone marrow transplant recipients was performed. One hundred and two patients were randomized, but two patients were considered unevaluable for efficacy, and three patients were withdrawn due to incorrect randomization. Of the remaining 97 patients, infection resolved without modification of therapy in 31/49 (63%) patients treated with ceftriaxone/teicoplanin versus 27/48 (56%) patients treated with ceftazidime/teicoplanin (P=0.48). Of all 97 patients treated therapy was modified in 18/49 (36%) with ceftriaxone/teicoplanin and 21/48 (43%) with ceftazidime/teicoplanin. Nineteen patients treated with ceftriaxone/teicoplanin received netilmicin and 21 patients treated with ceftazidime/teicoplanin also received netilmicin according to the study design (escalation therapy). When netilmicin was added infection resolved in 78% of patients treated with ceftriaxone/teicoplanin versus 84% of those treated with ceftazidime/teicoplanin. It was concluded that combination therapy with ceftriaxone/teicoplanin is an alternative to combination therapy with ceftazidime/teicoplanin, and has the advantage of once daily administration.
Antibiotische Therapie der febrilen Neutropenie von Tumor- und Knochenmarktransplantationspatienten. Eine randomisierte Studie mit Ceftriaxon und Teicoplanin im Vergleich mit Ceftazidim und Teicoplanin
Zusammenfassung In einer prospektiven, randomisierten klinischen Studie wurde die Kombinationstherapie mit Ceftriaxon und Teicoplanin gegen die Kombinationspartner Ceftazidim und Teicoplanin bei neutropenischen Patienten oder Patienten nach Knochenmarktransplantation verglichen. Insgesamt wurden 101 Patienten in die Studie eingebracht, davon waren 97 Patienten auswertbar. In der Ceftriaxon/Teicoplanin-Gruppe waren 63% der Patienten geheilt, gegenüber 56% der Patienten in der Ceftazidim/Teicoplanin-Gruppe. Dieses Ergebnis war ohne Modifikation der Studien-Medikamente erreicht worden. Bei 18 von 49 Patienten in der Ceftriaxon/Teicoplanin-Gruppe und 21 von 48 Patienten in der Ceftazidim/Teicoplanin-Gruppe wurde von der Studienmedikation abgegangen und zusätzlich Netilmicin (Eskalationstherapie) gegeben. Durch die zusätzliche Gabe von Netilmicin waren 78% der Patienten in der Ceftriaxon/Teicoplanin-Gruppe und 84% in der Ceftazidim/Teicoplanin-Gruppe geheilt. Diese Daten deuten darauf hin, daß die Kombinationstherapie mit Ceftriaxon/Teicoplanin eine Alternative zur Kombinationstherapie mit Ceftazidim und Teicoplanin darstellt, zumal die Gabe von Ceftriaxon und Teicoplanin den Vorteil hat, daß diese Medikamente nur einmal pro Tag gegeben werden müssen.相似文献
50.
Cranial dystonia, blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm: clinical features and treatment, including the use of botulinum toxin. 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2 下载免费PDF全文
Blepharospasm, the most frequent feature of cranial dystonia, and hemifacial spasm are two involuntary movement disorders that affect facial muscles. The cause of blepharospasm and other forms of cranial dystonia is not known. Hemifacial spasm is usually due to compression of the seventh cranial nerve at its exit from the brain stem. Cranial dystonia may result in severe disability. Hemifacial spasm tends to be much less disabling but may cause considerable distress and embarrassment. Patients affected with these disorders are often mistakenly considered to have psychiatric problems. Although the two disorders are quite distinct pathophysiologically, therapy with botulinum toxin has proven very effective in both. We review the clinical features, proposed pathophysiologic features, differential diagnosis and treatment, including the use of botulinum toxin, of cranial dystonia and hemifacial spasm. 相似文献