测试新鲜猪股骨干钻削进给力

目的 采集新鲜猪股骨干不同骨质层和骨段的钻削进给力数据,为骨科虚拟现实手术系统钻削力反馈信号的输出提供依据。方法 改装万能材料试验机和手持可调速电钻(Φ5.0 mm钻头),构建生物骨骼钻削性能参数采集系统,分别以转速n ＝500,800,1 200 r/min和进给速度v ＝30,50,70 mm/min采集6具新鲜成熟猪股骨干162个标记点的钻削进给力f,分析其与相应组织和部位的关系。结果 新鲜猪股骨干同一标记点双侧骨皮质处进给力最大（fmax＝103.63~142.59 N）,髓腔处最小（接近于0）,股骨干中段进给力（f4,5,6＝124.69N）较两端（f1,2,3,7,8,9＝121.84 N）大;当v ＝30 mm/min、n ＝1 200 r/min时,钻削进给力最小（fmin＝106.04 N）;当v ＝ 70 mm/min、n ＝500 r/min时,钻削进给力最大（fmax＝139.84 N）。结论 改装的生物骨骼切削性能参数采集系统能有效采集生物骨骼的钻削进给力数据;骨骼钻削进给力与骨质的组织结构、电钻转速及进给速度有密切关系,其中骨质结构越密、电钻转速越小、进给速度越大,骨骼钻削进给力越大,反之越小。实验所获得新鲜猪股骨干钻削进给力数据及其变化趋势,可为虚拟骨科手术系统力反馈输出信号设置提供依据。     

Quantitative 99Tcm-HMPAO white blood cells and 67Ga scanning in rheumatoid arthritis

This investigation assessed 99Tcm-HMPAO white blood cell (Tc-WBC) and 67Ga knee uptake indices before and after 90Y treatment in patients with intractable rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and correlated the uptake indices with the clinical score. Sixteen knee joints with RA were treated with intra-articular injection of 185 MBq of 90Y-silicate colloid (Amersham) flushed with 50 mg of hydrocortisone. Clinical score, quantitative 67Ga and Tc-WBC knee uptake indices were obtained before and three weeks after treatment. Our results showed that 9/16 (56%) had a good response and 7/16 (44%) had a poor response to 90Y injection. There was poor correlation between clinical improvement and changes in 67Ga and Tc-WBC knee uptake indices (r = 0.46 and 0.14, respectively). The correlation coefficient between changes in 67Ga and Tc-WBC knee uptake indices was 0.29.     

选择性髂内动脉造影对盆腔肿瘤的诊断价值

自１９８９－１０以来，我们对２４例病人进行选择性髂内动脉造影５４次。对盆腔良恶性肿瘤的鉴别诊断准确率为９５．８％。造影发现良性肿瘤主要表现为动脉的移位和增粗。恶性肿瘤造影动脉期时可以见到新生肿瘤血管团，在实质期有肿瘤染色，这是恶性肿瘤的重要征象。并据此可了解肿瘤的大小、形状、部位：有否囊变或坏死；以及浸润和转移情况。能协助确定肿瘤性质及估计予后。选择性髂内动造影对盆腔良恶性肿瘤的鉴别诊断极有价值，能满意地显示卵巢癌的存在及转移浸润情况。明显优于腹主动脉造影。根据经验提出经济理想的摄片程序供参考。     

Glomerular epithelial-myofibroblast transdifferentiation in the evolution of glomerular crescent formation.

BACKGROUND:Glomerular cellular crescents consist of epithelial cells and macrophages, which can undergo an irreversible process of fibrous organization. However, the origin of the fibroblast-type cells that mediate this fibrous organization is unclear. METHODS: This study examined glomerular epithelial- myofibroblast transdifferentiation (GEMT) in the formation and evolution of glomerular crescents in two distinct rat models of glomerulonephritis: 5/6 nephrectomy and antiglomerular basement membrane (GBM) disease. RESULTS: Early in the course of both disease models, and prior to crescent formation, immunohistochemistry staining and in-situ hybridization demonstrated de novo expression of alpha-smooth-muscle actin (alpha-SMA), a marker of smooth muscle cells and myofibroblasts, by glomerular parietal epithelial cells (GPEC). The expression of alpha-SMA by GPEC was accompanied by a loss of E-cadherin staining, a marker of epithelial cells. At this early stage of GEMT, ultrastructural studies identified the presence of characteristic actin microfilaments and dense bodies within GPEC which retained a normal epithelial morphology with apical-basal polarity and microvilli. A late stage of transdifferentiation was seen in fibrocellular crescents. In this case, GPEC attached to intact segments of the capsular basement membrane contained large bundles of actin microfilaments throughout the cell, and this was accompanied by a loss of polarity, microvilli, and tight junctions. There was a significant correlation between the presence of alpha-SMA(+) GPEC and glomerular crescent formation. Cellular crescents contained small numbers of alpha-SMA(+) myofibroblasts. These cells become the dominant population in fibrocellular crescents, which was associated with marked local proliferation. Relatively few alpha-SMA(+) myofibroblasts remained in fibrotic/organizing crescents. Most cells within cellular and fibrocellular crescents expressed transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2), suggesting that these growth factors may regulate this GEMT process during the evolution of glomerular crescents. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides the first phenotypic and morphological evidence that glomerular epithelial-myofibroblast transdifferentiation participates in the formation and evolution of glomerular crescents.     

视神经管骨折的CT诊断

本文对８５例视神经管骨折的临床与ＣＴ所见进行了回顾性分析。受伤原因中车祸３６例，撞伤１３例，摔伤１１例，击伤或砸伤１２例，其他伤少见。均有明显视力下降，其中失明无光感达７８例。８５例均行骨算法高分辨率ＣＴ扫描，显示视神经管内壁骨折６６例，内、上壁骨折１１例，上壁骨折３例，粉碎骨折５例，伴有邻近眶壁或蝶窦骨折７１例。视神经管骨折容易造成失明，因此外伤失明的患者早期行ＣＴ检查，对临床诊断及选择治疗方案具有指导意义     

妇科腔镜手术患者人字形与截石体位的比较研究

目的 探讨人字形分腿位与截石位对妇科腔镜手术患者的影响.方法 将200例实施妇科腔镜手术患者随机分为对照组和观察组各100例.对照组采用常规截石体位;观察组采用人字形分腿位,即采用可分腿板式手术床,无需安装托腿架,双下肢平放于腿板上,腿板水平分开角度90°～1 00°.结果 观察组体位安置耗时(237.00±58.00)s,对照组(151.00士17.00)s,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);观察组体温、血压、心率变化幅度小于时照组(均P＜0.01),麻醉苏醒期平稳性、术后舒适度改变等指标优于对照组(均P＜0.01).结论 与截石位相比,人字形分腿住手术野暴露充分,摆放简便,可有效预防并发症的发生,提高手术安全性.     

流式细胞术在血小板因子4保护环磷酰胺损伤小鼠骨髓中的应用价值

 目的 探讨流式细胞术在研究血小板因子4(PF 4)保护环磷酰胺(CTX)损伤小鼠骨髓造血细胞中的应用价值。方法 腹腔一次性注射CTX 200mg／kg,造成药物损伤模型。给CTX前予以PF 4预处理,于给药后第5天、第8天分别用流式细胞仪测定骨髓有核细胞DNA含量及细胞周期变化。结果 第5天PF 4保护组的骨髓有核细胞中,G0／G1期细胞百分率较CTX组明显提高,坏死、凋亡率下降(P＜0.01),而与对照组基本相同(P＞0.05)。第8天各组间比较无明显差异(P＞0.05)。结论PF 4对CTX损伤的小鼠骨髓造血细胞有保护作用。通过流式细胞仪测定DNA含量及细胞周期变化可阐明其化疗保护作用机制,表明流式细胞术具有重要的应用价值。     

左冠状动脉瘘的影像诊断与介入治疗

目的 :探讨左冠状动脉瘘的影像诊断和介入治疗价值。方法 :2 7例均行X线平片和彩色多普勒检查 ;行升主动脉造影者 4例 ,选择性冠状动脉造影者 2 3例 ;3例行介入治疗 ,16例于体外循环下行冠状动脉瘘修复术。结果 :5例X线平片和 15例彩色多普勒检查基本上能提示诊断 ,血管造影均能明确诊断 ,血管造影显示左冠状动脉瘘通过左前降支和左回旋支形成较粗大的瘘口者 16例 (5 9.3% ) ,左冠状动脉细小分支瘘者 11例 (40 .7% ) ,其中发生于左冠状动脉前降支的细小分支者 6例、发生于左回旋支的细小分支者 4例、同时源于左前降支和左回旋支的细小分支者 1例。在这 2 7例中 ,瘘入右心室 13例 (48.2 % ) ,瘘入肺动脉者 7例 (2 5 .9% ) ,瘘入左心室 5例 (18.3% ) ,瘘入左房者 2例 (7.4 % )。 3例患者行介入治疗 ,经 6个月随访观察 ,未见异常改变。结论 :选择性冠状动脉造影是诊断冠状动脉瘘的最佳方法 ,在治疗方面目前除手术治疗外 ,介入治疗亦是一种较好的手段     

结缔组织病肌筋膜炎的MR和CT表现与穿刺活检的对照研究

目的 了解结缔组织病肌筋膜病变的影像表现特点，以及MRI、CT的应用价值。方法 经临床诊断的结缔组织病22例，其中皮肌炎（DM）8例、多肌炎（PM）12例和嗜酸性筋膜炎2例。所有病例均完成大腿CT平扫、MR的T1WI、T2WI、频率预饱和反转恢复（SPIR）序列及CT导向经皮穿刺活组织检查。结果 穿刺活检、MRI和CT发现肌组织病变分别有17例、14例和5例，发现筋膜病变分别为5例、9例和9例。肌炎、肌萎缩、筋膜炎可单独或合并存在，肌炎（9例）呈现T1WI低信号和T2WI或SPIR高信号改变，肌萎缩（9例）呈T1WI、T2WI高信号以及肌间隙增宽。SPIR检出肌炎明显优于CT和T1WI，P＜0．05。DM（6／8）的发生率明显高于PM（3／12），P＜0．05。病情加重期肌炎（7／11）的发生率明显高于缓解期（2／11），P＜0．05。结论 MRI和CT能够客观地反映结缔组织病肌筋膜病变的类型、累及部位和病情变化特点。