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European Spine Journal - 相似文献
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Pedro?Berjano Jorge?Hugo?Villafa?eEmail author Gerard?Vanacker Riccardo?Cecchinato Maryem?Ismael Robert?Gunzburg Daniele?Marruzzo Claudio?Lamartina 《European spine journal》2018,27(1):2-7
Purpose
This investigation aimed to examine the extent to which case-based discussion with experts could influence the audience’s opinions on the treatment of patients during a continuing medical education event for spine surgeons.Methods
We conducted a prospective controlled crossover study of 90 surgeons. During a continuing medical education activity using case-based discussion, quiz questions were used which asked participants (attendants and faculty group) their opinions on the best choices about diagnosis and treatment in a number of cases. No answer was considered correct, but we evaluated the number of participants choosing each specific answer among a number of valid options. Quiz questions were collected with an automated response system at the entry and at the end of each case discussion. Change in participant’s opinions was estimated from the change in the preferred answers between the entry and exit quizzes. Chi-square analysis was performed to determine significance.Results
Sixty-two attendants out of eighty three (75%) and six faculties out of twelve (50%) responded to the survey. After the case discussion, 68.2% (p < 0.04, Chi-square test) of the attendants changed their opinion on the appropriate treatment. The faculty answers, however, showed no significant change in opinions regarding the identification of the appropriate treatment.Conclusions
On the basis of our results, case-based discussion driven by experts, as a form of teaching, has a measurable effect in terms of changes in the learners’ opinions.17.
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Dopamine delivery to the central nervous system (CNS) undergoes the permeability limitations of blood-brain barrier (BBB) which is a selective interface that excludes most water-soluble molecules from entering the brain. Neutral amino acids permeate the BBB by specific transport systems. Condensation of dopamine with neutral amino acids could afford potential prodrugs able to interact with the BBB endogenous transporters and easily enter the brain. The synthesis and characterization of the dopamine derivative 2-amino-N-[2-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-ethyl]-3-phenyl-propionamide (7) is described. The chemical and enzymatic stability of 7 was evaluated. The molecular weight (300 Da) and Log Papp (0.76) indicated that the physico-chemical characteristics of compound 7 are adequate to cross biological membranes. Compound 7 was enzymatically cleaved to free dopamine in rat brain homogenate (t1/2 = 460 min). In human plasma, the t1/2 of 7 was estimated comparable to that reported for L-DOPA. In view of a possible oral administration of 7, studies of its chemical behavior under conditions simulating those of the gastrointestinal tract showed that no dopamine production occurred; furthermore, 7 is able to permeate through a simulated intestinal mucosal membrane. The collected data suggest that compound 7 could beconsidered a very valuable candidate for subsequent in vivo evaluation. 相似文献
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De Caro V Giandalia G Siragusa MG Lamartina L Friscia S Sardo P Carletti F Rizzo V Ferraro G Giannola LI 《Medicinal chemistry (Shāriqah (United Arab Emirates))》2011,7(1):9-17
A new aminoacidic derivative of valproic acid (VPA) has been synthesized and characterized by analytical and spectral data. The rationale for the preparation of such potential antiepileptic agent is based on the observation that chemical combination of the anticonvulsant pharmacophore, VPA with essential aminoacids could afford more effective and less toxic actives. The synthesis, characterization, physico-chemical parameters functional for crossing Blood Brain Barrier of N-valproyl-L-tryptophan (4) are reported. The Log D (pH7.4) (0.3) indicates that (4) is adequate to cross biological membranes. Its chemical and enzymatic stability were assessed. The experiments indicate high stability of compound (4) at pH conditions of physiological fluids. Moreover, both in plasma and in cerebral enzymatic environments compound (4) doesn't undergo cleavage after 24 h. The anticonvulsant activity of the new compound was assessed against epileptic burst discharges evoked in vitro in rat hippocampal slices (Seizure like events - SLEs) and compared with that of the widely used VPA. Compound (4), even at the lower tested concentration, when compared to VPA, showed an improved protective effect against hippocampal seizures. The collected data suggest that compound (4) could be considered a very valuable candidate for subsequent in vivo evaluation as new potential antiepileptic drug. 相似文献
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Fabio Galbusera Chiara M. Bellini Thomas Zweig Stephen Ferguson Manuela T. Raimondi Claudio Lamartina Marco Brayda-Bruno Maurizio Fornari 《European spine journal》2008,17(12):1635-1650
The implantation of lumbar disc prostheses based on different design concepts is widely accepted. This paper reviews currently
available literature studies on the biomechanics of TDA in the lumbar spine, and is targeted at the evaluation of possible
relationships between the aims of TDA and the geometrical, mechanical and material properties of the various available disc
prostheses. Both theoretical and experimental studies were analyzed, by a PUBMED search (performed in February 2007, revised
in January 2008), focusing on single level TDA. Both semi-constrained and unconstrained lumbar discs seem to be able to restore
nearly physiological IAR locations and ROM values. However, both increased and decreased ROM was stated in some papers, unrelated
to the clinical outcome. Segmental lordosis alterations after TDA were reported in most cases, for both constrained and unconstrained
disc prostheses. An increase in the load through the facet joints was documented, for both semi-constrained and unconstrained
artificial discs, but with some contrasting results. Semi-constrained devices may be able to share a greater part of the load,
thus protecting the surrounding biological structure from overloading and possible early degeneration, but may be more susceptible
to wear. The next level of development will be the biomechanical integration of compression across the motion segment. All
these findings need to be supported by long-term clinical outcome studies. 相似文献