全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2348篇 |
免费 | 99篇 |
国内免费 | 30篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 4篇 |
儿科学 | 96篇 |
妇产科学 | 21篇 |
基础医学 | 451篇 |
口腔科学 | 78篇 |
临床医学 | 262篇 |
内科学 | 524篇 |
皮肤病学 | 113篇 |
神经病学 | 40篇 |
特种医学 | 266篇 |
外科学 | 274篇 |
综合类 | 50篇 |
预防医学 | 79篇 |
眼科学 | 26篇 |
药学 | 147篇 |
中国医学 | 1篇 |
肿瘤学 | 45篇 |
出版年
2015年 | 26篇 |
2014年 | 23篇 |
2013年 | 82篇 |
2012年 | 29篇 |
2010年 | 45篇 |
2009年 | 31篇 |
2008年 | 26篇 |
2007年 | 51篇 |
2006年 | 66篇 |
2005年 | 43篇 |
2004年 | 39篇 |
2003年 | 41篇 |
2002年 | 32篇 |
2001年 | 42篇 |
2000年 | 30篇 |
1999年 | 38篇 |
1998年 | 84篇 |
1997年 | 95篇 |
1996年 | 106篇 |
1995年 | 72篇 |
1994年 | 75篇 |
1993年 | 77篇 |
1992年 | 40篇 |
1991年 | 37篇 |
1990年 | 41篇 |
1989年 | 68篇 |
1988年 | 61篇 |
1987年 | 50篇 |
1986年 | 55篇 |
1985年 | 40篇 |
1984年 | 58篇 |
1983年 | 28篇 |
1982年 | 32篇 |
1981年 | 37篇 |
1980年 | 49篇 |
1979年 | 25篇 |
1978年 | 27篇 |
1977年 | 35篇 |
1976年 | 38篇 |
1975年 | 36篇 |
1972年 | 24篇 |
1971年 | 22篇 |
1970年 | 23篇 |
1965年 | 50篇 |
1964年 | 50篇 |
1963年 | 47篇 |
1962年 | 41篇 |
1961年 | 41篇 |
1960年 | 65篇 |
1959年 | 20篇 |
排序方式: 共有2477条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
91.
92.
P. Ylipaasto T. Smura P. Gopalacharyulu A. Paananen T. Sepp?nen-Laakso S. Kaijalainen H. Ahlfors O. Korsgren J. R. T. Lakey R. Lahesmaa L. Piemonti M. Oresic J. Galama M. Roivainen 《Diabetologia》2012,55(12):3273-3283
Aims/hypothesis
Virally induced inflammatory responses, beta cell destruction and release of beta cell autoantigens may lead to autoimmune reactions culminating in type 1 diabetes. Therefore, viral capability to induce beta cell death and the nature of virus-induced immune responses are among key determinants of diabetogenic viruses. We hypothesised that enterovirus infection induces a specific gene expression pattern that results in islet destruction and that such a host response pattern is not shared among all enterovirus infections but varies between virus strains.Methods
The changes in global gene expression and secreted cytokine profiles induced by lytic or benign enterovirus infections were studied in primary human pancreatic islet using DNA microarrays and viral strains either isolated at the clinical onset of type 1 diabetes or capable of causing a diabetes-like condition in mice.Results
The expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes (IL-1-α, IL-1-β and TNF-α) that also mediate cytokine-induced beta cell dysfunction correlated with the lytic potential of a virus. Temporally increasing gene expression levels of double-stranded RNA recognition receptors, antiviral molecules, cytokines and chemokines were detected for all studied virus strains. Lytic coxsackievirus B5 (CBV-5)-DS infection also downregulated genes involved in glycolysis and insulin secretion.Conclusions/interpretation
The results suggest a distinct, virus-strain-specific, gene expression pattern leading to pancreatic islet destruction and pro-inflammatory effects after enterovirus infection. However, neither viral replication nor cytotoxic cytokine production alone are sufficient to induce necrotic cell death. More likely the combined effect of these and possibly cellular energy depletion lie behind the enterovirus-induced necrosis of islets. 相似文献93.
94.
EDWARD J. SWIFT JR. DMD MS 《Journal of esthetic and restorative dentistry : official publication of the American Academy of Esthetic Dentistry ... [et al.]》2012,24(4):287-291
This is the second part of a two‐part piece on self‐adhesive resin cements; Part I was presented in the previous issue of the Journal. Here in Part II, the specific topics concerning self‐adhesive cements are clinical performance, post‐cementation sensitivity, and cementation of endodontic posts. 相似文献
95.
96.
R Idro K A Musubire B Byamah Mutamba H Namusoke J Muron C Abbo R Oriyabuzu J Ssekyewa C Okot D Mwaka P Ssebadduka I Makumbi B Opar JR Aceng AK Mbonye 《African health sciences》2013,13(2):219-232
Nodding Syndrome is a poorly understood neurologic disorder of unknown aetiology that affects children and adolescents in Africa. Recent studies have suggested that the head nods are due to atonic seizures and Nodding Syndrome may be classified as probably symptomatic generalised epilepsy. As part of the Ugandan Ministry of Health clinical management response, a multidisciplinary team developed a manual to guide the training of health workers with knowledge and skills to manage the patients. In the absence of a known cause, it was decided to offer symptomatic care. The objective is to relieve symptoms, offer primary and secondary prevention for disability and rehabilitation to improve function. Initial management focuses on the most urgent needs of the patient and the immediate family until ‘stability’ is achieved. The most important needs were considered as seizure control, management of behavioural and psychiatric difficulties, nursing care, nutritional and subsequently, physical and cognitive rehabilitation. This paper summarises the processes by which the proposed guidelines were developed and provides an outline of the specific treatments currently being provided for the patients. 相似文献
97.
Allan Watkinson Andrei Soliakov Ashok Ganesan Karie Hirst Chris LeButt Kelly Fleetwood Peter C. Fusco Thomas R. Fuerst Jeremy H. Lakey 《Clinical and Vaccine Immunology : CVI》2013,20(11):1659-1668
Aluminum salts are the most widely used vaccine adjuvants, and phosphate is known to modulate antigen-adjuvant interactions. Here we report an unexpected role for phosphate buffer in an anthrax vaccine (SparVax) containing recombinant protective antigen (rPA) and aluminum oxyhydroxide (AlOH) adjuvant (Alhydrogel). Phosphate ions bind to AlOH to produce an aluminum phosphate surface with a reduced rPA adsorption coefficient and binding capacity. However, these effects continued to increase as the free phosphate concentration increased, and the binding of rPA changed from endothermic to exothermic. Crucially, phosphate restored the thermostability of bound rPA so that it resembled the soluble form, even though it remained tightly bound to the surface. Batches of vaccine with either 0.25 mM (subsaturated) or 4 mM (saturated) phosphate were tested in a disease model at batch release, which showed that the latter was significantly more potent. Both formulations retained their potency for 3 years. The strongest aluminum adjuvant effects are thus likely to be via weakly attached or easily released native-state antigen proteins. 相似文献
98.
99.
JR Pallett E Sutherland E Glucksman M Tunnicliff JW Keep 《Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England》2014,96(1):23-26
INTRODUCTION
No national recording systems for knife injuries exist in the UK. Understanding the true size and nature of the problem of knife injuries is the first stage in reducing the burden of this injury. The aim of this study was to survey every knife injury seen in a single inner city emergency department (ED) over a one-year period.METHODS
A cross-sectional observational study was performed of all patients attending with a knife injury to the ED of a London major trauma centre in 2011. Demographic characteristics, patterns of injury, morbidity and mortality data were collected.RESULTS
A total of 938 knife injuries were identified from 127,191 attendances (0.77% of all visits) with a case fatality rate of 0.53%. A quarter (24%) of the major trauma team’s caseload was for knife injuries. Overall, 44% of injuries were selfreported as assaults, 49% as accidents and 8% as deliberate self-harm. The highest age specific incident rate occurred in the 16–24 year age category (263/100,000). Multiple injuries were seen in 19% of cases, of which only 81% were recorded as assaults. The mean length of stay for those admitted to hospital was 3.04 days. Intrathoracic injury was seen in 26% of cases of chest trauma and 24% of abdominal injuries had a second additional chest injury.CONCLUSIONS
Violent intentional injuries are a significant contributory factor to the workload of the major trauma team at this centre. This paper contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of the nature of these injuries seen in the ED. 相似文献100.
M. Alexander R. Krishnan B. Buder M. Lamb K. Laugenour D. Chapman C.E. Foster III J.R.T. Lakey 《Transplantation proceedings》2014