改良自乳化溶剂扩散法制备MePEG-PLA纳米粒对成骨细胞的毒性*

两亲性嵌段聚合物由于其较强的载药能力强、纳米级大小、血液中长循环等优点在载药系统中得到广泛的应用。 目的：评估改良自乳化溶剂扩散法制备的甲氧基封端的聚乙二醇-聚乳酸 (MePEG-PLA)纳米粒对人骨肉瘤细胞MG63的毒性。 方法：通过改良自乳化溶剂扩散法制备MePEG-PLA纳米粒,MTS法测定纳米粒培养1,2,3 d后对MG63的毒性。激光粒度分析仪测定纳米颗粒的粒径大小、粒径分布及Zeta电位;透射电镜表征纳米胶束外观形态;酶标仪检测培养1,2,3 d细胞吸光度值。 结果与结论：MePEG-PLA纳米粒的平均粒径为25.7 nm,分布均匀,呈球形,Zeta电位为-8.06 mV,MePEG-PLA毒性为 0级。提示改良自乳化溶剂扩散法制备纳米粒简单易行,制备的纳米粒无毒,具有良好的应用前景。     

四磨汤治疗肝脾不和型肠易激综合征的疗效

目的:探讨四磨汤治疗肝脾不和型肠易激综合征的疗效。方法:选取2016年2月至2016年5月南方医科大学南方医院收治肝脾不和型肠易激综合征129例,以随机分组方式分为观察组(65例)和对照组(64例),对照组给予乳果糖口服液联合马来酸曲美布汀治疗,观察组在对照组基础上给予四磨汤治疗,采用中医证候积分量表评价2组中医证候疗效及中医症状积分,观察2组治疗期间不良反应发生情况。结果:观察组中医证候疗效有效率显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);给药前,观察组和对照组腹痛、腹泻、舌质暗红、苔薄白、脉弦细及总分基本相同,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);给药7 d,观察组腹痛、腹泻、舌质暗红、苔薄白、脉弦细及总分均显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);2组治疗期间均未见不良反应发生。结论:乳果糖口服液和马来酸曲美布汀为治疗肠易激综合征的常用药物,乳果糖口服液联合马来酸曲美布汀基础上给予四磨汤治疗肝脾不和型肠易激综合征,安全且增进疗效。     

Inhibition of monocyte esterase activity by organophosphate insecticides

Organophosphate insecticides, such as Vapona, Naled, and Rabon, are highly potent inhibitors of an enzyme found in human monocytes. The enzyme, a specific monocyte esterase, could be inhibited by Vapona in blood samples via airborne contamination at levels easily achieved from commercial slow-release insecticide strips. Fifty percent inhibition (I50)--as measured on the Hemalog D (Technicon Corp.)--occurred at solution concentrations of 0.22, 1.5, and 2.6 X 10(-6) g/liter for Vapona, Rabon, and Naled, respectively. Parathion (a thiophosphate) and Baygon (a carbamate) were less potent, with I50 values of 3.7 X 10(-5) and 1.5 X 10(-4) g/liter, respectively. Dursban (another thiophosphate) and Carbaryl (a carbamate) showed only marginal inhibition. Eserine, malathion, nicotine and pyrethrum had no inhibitory effect up to 0.5 g/liter. The occurrence of this effect in vivo has not yet been shown, nor is it clear what the implications of such an effect would be. The inhibition of this enzyme by airborne contaminants, however, may interfere with the proper functioning of the Hemalog D.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.     

阿尔茨海默病分子PET影像技术研究进展

阿尔茨海默病是老年人群中最普遍的神经退行性疾病,其特征性的病理改变为淀粉样蛋 白沉积和神经原纤维缠结。近些年来,分子PET影像技术突飞猛进,为研究阿尔茨海默病的病理过程 提供了有效方法。虽然很多影像技术还处于早期研究阶段,但有一些已在临床上得到广泛应用。现综 合近年来相关研究,对阿尔茨海默病诊断中常用的分子PET影像技术进展作一综述。     

Safety profile of 0.0015% tafluprost eye drops in China: a post-marketing observational study

AIM: To investigate the treatment pattern and safety of tafluprost for glaucoma and ocular hypertension (OH) in clinical practice in China. METHODS: This post-marketing observational study included patients who received tafluprost to lower intraocular pressure (IOP) within 30d between September 2017 and March 2020 in 20 hospitals in China. Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) during tafluprost treatment and within 30d after the treatment were collected. RESULTS: A total of 2544 patients were included in this study, of them 58.5% (1488/2544) had primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), 21.9% (556/2544) had OH and 19.7% (500/2544) used tafluprost for other reasons. Of 359 ADRs occurred in 10.1% (258/2544) patients, and no serious adverse event occurred. The most common ADR was conjunctival hyperemia (128 ADRs in 124 patients, 4.9%). Totally 1670 participants (65.6%) combined tafluprost with carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs; 37.1%, 620/1670), sympathomimetics (33.5%, 559/1670), β-blockers (33.2%, 555/1670), other prostaglandin analogs (PGAs; 15.6%, 260/1670) and other eye drops (15.1%, 253/1670). The highest incidence of conjunctival hyperemia was noted in patients who received tafluprost in combination with other PGAs (23 ADRs in 23 patients, 8.8%, 23/260) and the lowest was in combination with CAIs (16 ADRs in 16 patients, 2.6%, 16/620). Tafluprost was applied in primary angle-closure glaucoma (41.6%, 208/500), after glaucoma surgery (17.8%, 89/500) and after non-glaucoma surgery (15.8%, 79/500). CONCLUSION: Tafluprost is safe for POAG and OH, and tolerable when combined with other eye drops and under various clinical circumstances.     

A Relationship between Physical Activities and Hand Dermatitis: An Epidemiology Study of the USA Population

Background:

Hand dermatitis is a common, chronic relapsing skin disease, resulting from a variety of causes including endogenous predisposition and environmental exposures to irritants and allergens. Physical activities have been reported to be beneficial for patients with hand dermatitis.

Objectives:

We aim to evaluate the association between self-reported physical activities and hand dermatitis using the 2003-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database.

Methods:

Information regarding 2,688 participants aged 20 to 59 years from the 2003-2004 NHANES cycle were retrieved and analyzed. Diagnosis of hand dermatitis was based on standardized photographs of the hands read by two dermatologists. Physical activity during leisure time for the prior 30 days was assessed using standardized questionnaire. Based on the suggested MET scores provided for each response in the questionnaire section of the NHANES methodology, the MET scores for average level of physical activities, walking/bicycling, and performing tasks around home/yard for the past 30 days was calculated.

Results:

There were 42 (1.56%) diagnosed cases of active hand dermatitis among the 2,688 participants. Those who reported recent vigorous or moderate physical activities were less likely to have a diagnosis of active hand dermatitis (OR: 0.436, 95% CI: 0.200 to 0.947, P = 0.036 and OR: 0.489, 95% CI: 0.261 to 0.916, P = 0.025, respectively). This negative association remained statistically significant even after adjusting for age, gender, ethnic groups and atopic diathesis.

Conclusions:

Moderate and vigorous levels of physical activities appeared to be beneficial for hand dermatitis. Therefore, it is important to advise patients with active hand dermatitis to remain physically active. However, clinicians should also be cognizant of the fact that the heat and sweat generated from physical activities might also exacerbate the condition.