左半骨盆开放毁损伤行半骨盆切除术一例报告

患者男性,19岁,2004年2月29日左下腹碾压伤0．5 h,处于休克状态并恶化中,体征:贫血貌,血压12/6 kPa,持续性下降,心率＞110次/min,左下腹股沟至会阴,阴囊挫伤严重,髂骨碎块外露,睾丸外露,左下肢无感觉和血运。在组织抢救的同时,床旁X线片示左半骨盆粉碎性骨折(图1),B超显示     

Bi-pedicled V-Y gastrocnemius myocutaneous flap for repairing Achilles tendon and overlying skin defect： the anatomic basis and clinical application

Objective: To study the anatomic basis of the bi-pedicled V-Y gastrocnemius myocutaneous flap for repairing the composite Achilles tendon defect. Methods : The pedicle anatomy of the bi-pedicled V-Y gastrocnemius myocutaneous flap was examined on 30 cadaver specimens. The sliding distances of the flap were measured at different knee flexion degrees. The bi-pedicled V-Y gastrocnemius myocutaneous flap was applied in 12 cases of Achilles tendon defect with simultaneous skin and soft tissue defect. Results: The sural arteries could be classified into four types. After cutting off the gastrocnemius origin with a " Z-shaped" incision, the sliding distance of the flap reached (3. 7±0. 5) cm when the knee flexed 0°, (4.9±0.7) cm when the knee flexed 30°, (6. 7±0. 7) cm when the knee flexed 60 and (9.2±0.9) cm when the knee flexed 90°. All the defects healed. The patients recovered ambulation with satisfactory knee and ankle function. The follow-up was 4 months -12 years. Conclusions: Different sural artery types should be noticed during the harvest of the bi-pedicled V-Y gastrocnemius myocutaneous flap. With 90°knee flexion, this flap is suitable for one-stage repair of composite Achilles tendon defect within 9.2 cm±0.9 cm.     

Effect of AVP on brain edema following traumatic brain injury

Objective: To evaluate plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP) level in patients with traumatic brain injury and investigate the role of AVP in the process of brain edema. Methods: A total of 30 patients with traumatic brain injury were involved in our study. They were divided into two groups by Glasgow Coma Scale: severe traumatic brain injury group (STBI, GCS≤8) and moderate traumatic brain injury group ( MTBI, GCS >8). Samples of venous blood were collected in the morning at rest from 15 healthy volunteers (control group) and within 24 h after traumatic brain injury from these patients for AVP determinations by radioimmunoassay. The severity and duration of the brain edema were estimated by head CT scan. Results: plasma AVP levels (ng/L) were (mean±SD): control, 3. 06±1. 49; MTBI, 38. 12±7. 25; and STBI, 66. 61±17. 10. The plasma level of AVP was significantly increased within 24 h after traumatic brain injury and followed by the reduction of GCS, suggesting the deterioration of cerebral injury (P<0. 01). And the AVP level was correlated with the severity (STBI r =0.919, P < 0.01; MTBI r = 0.724, P < 0.01) and the duration of brain edema (STBI r = 0. 790, P < 0. 01; MTBI r = 0. 712, P<0.01). Conclusions: The plasma AVP level is closely associated with the severity of traumatic brain injury. AVP may play an important role in pathogenesis of brain edema after traumatic brain injury.     

复拇指畸形391例临床治疗分析

目的总结复拇指畸形的临床治疗体会。方法总结20年来经手术治疗的复拇指畸形391例病例，就其手术时机、治疗方法和术后继发畸形的原因进行回顾性分析。结果术后随访123例（137侧），随访时间为2-15年，参照Kawabata评分方法，优52例（58侧），良36例（40侧），差35例（39侧）。其中从生后6个月-1岁手术者随访到45例（51侧），优22例（24侧），良15例（17侧），差8例（10侧）。术后继发畸形进行二次手术治疗的患者有47例（55侧）。结论复拇指畸形的手术年龄应选择在生后6个月-3岁为宜，术前详细评估、术中正确处理和术后长期随访是复拇指畸形治疗的关键。     

Pipkin＇s骨折的治疗及并发症分析（15例报告）

[目的]探讨Pipkin＇s骨折的治疗方法与效果。[方法]对自1996-2005年6月收治的15例股骨头骨折病例，根据Pipkin分型，Ⅰ型3例，Ⅱ型4例，Ⅲ型5例，Ⅳ型3例，进行回顾性分析。[结果]全部疾病均获1-5年的随访，采用Pipkin评价方法，优10例，良2例，可1例，差2例，优良率80%。[结论]Pipkin＇s骨折合并症和并发症多，治疗根据分型选择治疗方案。Ⅰ型手法复位保守治疗，Ⅱ型和Ⅳ型手术复位内固定，Ⅲ型选择人工关节置换疗效较好。     

胰腺和胰肾联合移植的进展

胰腺移植和胰肾联合移植已经成为治疗终末期患者器官衰竭的有效方法，尤其是近年来的一些重大进展明显改善了移植的效果。笔者就移植胰腺胰液引流选择、供胰静脉回流的方式、免疫抑制方案等方面进行综述。     

重症急性胰腺炎并发肠瘘的诊断和治疗

目的探讨重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)术后并发肠瘘的诊断和治疗。方法对2000年7月至2007年7月手术治疗的107例SAP进行回顾性分析,并对可能导致肠瘘发生的危险因素及其诊断治疗进行总结。结果治疗的SAP发生肠瘘21例,其中结肠瘘17例,十二指肠瘘4例,均出现在术后两周内,有胰腺感染的较无感染的发生率高(P<0.05);早期手术较后期手术发生率高(P<0.05);蝶形引流术较经后上腰引流术发生率高(P<0.05)。结论SAP术后的肠瘘与胰外炎性浸润,手术创伤以及手术时机的选择和手术方式有关。肠瘘的治疗应充分考虑原发病的状况,并根据肠瘘的位置、局部炎症的情况,早期通过加强营养支持,保持瘘口周围引流通畅,多数肠瘘可自行愈合,后期少数不愈合肠瘘可考虑手术治疗。     

腹部损伤的诊治

一、腹部损伤的概况腹部损伤包括机械性(创伤)、化学性和放射性损伤,创伤为主体,在战时和平时均十分常见。其发生率在平时约占各种损伤的0.4%~1.8%;在战时约占5%~8%,在对越自卫反击战中为4%。腹部创伤的死亡率,据统计第一次世界大战中为53.3%,第二次世界大战为25%,美军侵朝战争     

腹腔镜辅助远端胃癌根治术的临床应用

目的探讨腹腔镜远端胃癌根治术的可行性及手术方法。方法行腹腔镜远端胃癌根治术15例,D1清扫3例,D2/D2 12例。全部病例均行毕Ⅱ式胃空肠吻合。结果15例成功进行腹腔镜手术。手术时间平均(218.6±31.6)min,术中出血量平均(132.4±21.3)ml,清扫淋巴结平均(33.4±13.6)个。肿瘤近端切缘(6.6±0.9)cm,远端切缘(5.4±0.6)cm,术后肛门排气时间平均(3.5±0.6)d,无手术死亡,无吻合口漏,术后并发肺部感染1例,经治疗后痊愈。术后随访1~10个月,无肿瘤复发或转移。结论腹腔镜远端胃癌根治术能达到与开腹胃癌标准根治术(D2)的淋巴结清扫范围及肿瘤切缘,且具有创伤小、出血少、术后恢复快等优点。     

单纯后路多个全脊椎切除矫治严重脊柱侧、后凸畸形

目的评价严重脊柱侧、后凸畸形单纯后路多节段全脊椎切除,侧后凸畸形矫正技术的手术矫治效果和临床风险性。方法2003年1月~2001年1月,本院骨科收治38例严重脊柱侧、后凸畸形患者,全部病例均采用单纯后路多节段全脊椎切除的方法。全部病例手术前均行站立位X线脊柱全长片、核磁共振和三维CT重建等辅助检查,计算手术时间、出血量,观察手术前后侧后凸的矫正率、术中脊柱短缩,手术后整体平衡情况。结果本组患者均进行1.5~3个椎体的全脊椎切除,术中测量脊柱短缩42 mm(31~62 mm),手术平均用时348 m in(280~510 m in),手术中平均出血量2010 m l(1400~3200 m l)。全部病例经过1~2.5年的随访,侧凸畸形cobb角平均矫正率为56.3%(51.2%~64.2%);后凸畸形平均矫正率为75.6%(67.8%~81.4%)。所有患者躯干平衡良好,未发现失代偿现象。手术并发症包括3例出现一过性的脊髓损伤症状(1例一过性双侧下肢不全瘫、2例一过性单侧下肢不全瘫)和6例神经根性疼痛,未经特殊处理恢复正常,4例肠系膜上动脉综合症,经胃肠减压处理症愈。结论对于严重成人脊柱侧、后凸畸形患者,单纯后路顶椎附近多个椎体全脊椎切除技术三维矫正效果满意,安全有效。