A randomized,double-blind trial of the effect of metronidazole on pain after closed hemorrhoidectomy

PURPOSE: Patients consider hemorrhoidectomy to be a painful operation. Attempts to reduce the length of inpatient stay have concentrated mainly on a reduction in postoperative pain. Metronidazole has been shown to reduce pain after open hemorrhoidectomy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of metronidazole after closed hemorrhoidectomy. METHODS: Thirty-eight patients undergoing closed hemorrhoidectomy were randomly allocated to receive metronidazole 400 mg (n = 18) or placebo (n = 20) three times daily for seven postoperative days. All patients received a stool softener and analgesics perioperatively. Linear analog scales were used to assess expected pain, actual pain and patient satisfaction. Time to first bowel movement, return to normal activity, complications, and use of additional analgesics were recorded. RESULTS: Both groups of patients experienced less pain than expected. Patients in the metronidazole group required fewer additional analgesics postoperatively (6.3 vs. 26.3 percent), and satisfaction scores in the placebo group were higher at one week (0.5 vs. 2.5), although these differences were not statistically significant. There were no differences in pain actually experienced, time to first bowel movement, return to normal activity, or complications between the two groups. Satisfaction scores at six weeks for all patients were relatively high, with no significant difference between the groups. CONCLUSION: Closed hemorrhoidectomy results in high patient satisfaction and low pain scores. The use of postoperative metronidazole did not reduce postoperative pain.     

急性非淋巴细胞白血病分型与红细胞AB抗原表达强度相关性研究4例报告及文献复习

目的:分析研究急性非淋巴细胞白血病(ANLL)分型与红细胞AB抗原表达强度相关性。方法:临床诊断ANLL患者红细胞AB抗原表达强度减弱4例,并复习国内近26年文献中完整资料77例病例报告一起进行分析。结果:81例ANLL中红细胞A抗原、B抗原、AB抗原同时表达减弱分别为51.85%、39.51%、8.64%。在ANLL中M2型最为多见,其次依次为M1型、M5型、M3型。结论:在进行ANLL患者红细胞ABO血型鉴定时,必须应用高效价抗血清试剂(≥128)进行正定型鉴定,以防止由于患者红细胞AB血型抗原表达减弱所致血型误判。     

A population perspective on diabetes prevention: whom should we target for preventing weight gain?

OBJECTIVE: To examine the influence of obesity and prevention of weight gain on the incidence of type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We examined participants in the San Antonio Heart Study, a prospective population-based study of Mexican Americans and non-Hispanic whites residing in San Antonio, Texas. BMI was stratified into four categories: normal (<25 kg/m(2)), overweight (> or =25 kg/m(2) and <30 kg/m(2)), obese (> or =30 kg/m(2) and <35 kg/m(2)), and very obese (> or =35 kg/m(2)). The number and proportion of incident cases prevented by targeting each BMI category were estimated. In addition, we calculated the decrease in risk of developing type 2 diabetes associated with weight gain prevention across both the BMI and age spectra. RESULTS: Preventing normal individuals from becoming overweight would result in the greatest reduction in incidence of type 2 diabetes. This would result in a 62 and 74% reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes in Mexican Americans and non-Hispanic whites, respectively. Preventing the entire population from gaining, on average, 1 BMI unit would result in a reduction in incidence of type 2 diabetes of 12.4 and 13.0% in Mexican Americans and non-Hispanic whites, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of cases of type 2 diabetes were in individuals who were overweight or mildly obese with a family history of type 2 diabetes. Public health resources should be directed toward the prevention of weight gain among normal and overweight individuals in order to prevent the maximum number of cases of type 2 diabetes.