全文获取类型
收费全文 | 3094篇 |
免费 | 144篇 |
国内免费 | 21篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 14篇 |
儿科学 | 72篇 |
妇产科学 | 19篇 |
基础医学 | 470篇 |
口腔科学 | 55篇 |
临床医学 | 306篇 |
内科学 | 543篇 |
皮肤病学 | 36篇 |
神经病学 | 177篇 |
特种医学 | 345篇 |
外科学 | 498篇 |
综合类 | 28篇 |
预防医学 | 127篇 |
眼科学 | 32篇 |
药学 | 285篇 |
中国医学 | 29篇 |
肿瘤学 | 223篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 21篇 |
2022年 | 61篇 |
2021年 | 89篇 |
2020年 | 31篇 |
2019年 | 59篇 |
2018年 | 85篇 |
2017年 | 54篇 |
2016年 | 85篇 |
2015年 | 132篇 |
2014年 | 165篇 |
2013年 | 175篇 |
2012年 | 250篇 |
2011年 | 233篇 |
2010年 | 157篇 |
2009年 | 125篇 |
2008年 | 177篇 |
2007年 | 145篇 |
2006年 | 140篇 |
2005年 | 136篇 |
2004年 | 103篇 |
2003年 | 88篇 |
2002年 | 59篇 |
2001年 | 49篇 |
2000年 | 61篇 |
1999年 | 49篇 |
1998年 | 46篇 |
1997年 | 43篇 |
1996年 | 47篇 |
1995年 | 32篇 |
1994年 | 30篇 |
1993年 | 20篇 |
1992年 | 14篇 |
1991年 | 22篇 |
1990年 | 21篇 |
1989年 | 20篇 |
1988年 | 21篇 |
1987年 | 20篇 |
1986年 | 14篇 |
1985年 | 26篇 |
1984年 | 14篇 |
1983年 | 12篇 |
1982年 | 20篇 |
1981年 | 15篇 |
1980年 | 12篇 |
1979年 | 11篇 |
1978年 | 9篇 |
1977年 | 11篇 |
1976年 | 16篇 |
1975年 | 11篇 |
1973年 | 4篇 |
排序方式: 共有3259条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
71.
72.
R. K. Shields C. J. Clancy L. R. Minces N. Shigemura E. J. Kwak F. P. Silveira R. C. Abdel‐Massih J. K. Bhama C. A. Bermudez J. M. Pilewski M. Crespo Y. Toyoda M. H. Nguyen 《American journal of transplantation》2013,13(8):2137-2145
We conducted a retrospective study of deep surgical site infections (SSIs) among consecutive patients who underwent lung transplantation (LTx) at a single center from 2006 through 2010. Thirty‐one patients (5%) developed SSIs at median 25 days after LTx. Empyema was most common (42%), followed by surgical wound infections (29%), mediastinitis (16%), sternal osteomyelitis (6%), and pericarditis (6%). Pathogens included Gram‐positive bacteria (41%), Gram‐negative bacteria (41%), fungi (10%) and Mycobacterium abscessus, Mycoplasma hominis and Lactobacillus sp. (one each). Twenty‐three percent of SSIs were due to pathogens colonizing recipients' native lungs at time of LTx, suggesting surgical seeding as a source. Patient‐related independent risk factors for SSIs were diabetes and prior cardiothoracic surgery; procedure‐related independent risk factors were LTx from a female donor, prolonged ischemic time and number of perioperative red blood cell transfusions. Mediastinitis and sternal infections were not observed among patients undergoing minimally invasive LTx. SSIs were associated with 35% mortality at 1 year post‐LTx. Lengths of stay and mortality in‐hospital and at 6 months and 1 year were significantly greater for patients with SSIs other than empyema. In conclusion, deep SSIs were uncommon, but important complications in LTx recipients because of their diverse microbiology and association with increased mortality. 相似文献
73.
74.
Jae Ang Sim Yong Seuk Lee Ji Hoon Kwak Sang Hoon Yang Kwang Hui Kim Beom Koo Lee 《Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery》2013,5(4):287-291
Background
During ligament balancing for severe medial contracture in varus knee total knee arthroplasty (TKA), complete distal release of the medial collateral ligament (MCL) or a medial epicondylar osteotomy can be necessary if a large amount of correction is needed.Methods
This study retrospectively reviewed 9 cases of complete distal release of the MCL and 11 cases of medial epicondylar osteotomy which were used to correct severe medial contracture. The mean follow-up periods were 46.5 months (range, 36 to 78 months) and 39.8 months (range, 32 to 65 months), respectively.Results
There were no significant differences in the clinical results between the two groups. However, the valgus stress radiograph revealed significant differences in medial instability. In complete distal release of the MCL, some stability was obtained by repair and bracing but the medial instability could not be removed completely.Conclusions
Medial epicondylar osteotomy for a varus deformity in TKA could provide constant medial stability and be a useful ligament balancing technique. 相似文献75.
Jiyong Kwak Hye-Jin Shin Se-Hoon Kim Jin-Kyoung Shim Ji-Hyun Lee Yong-Min Huh Eui-Hyun Kim Eun-Kyung Park Jong Hee Chang Sun Ho Kim Yong-Kil Hong Dong-Seok Kim Su-Jae Lee Seok-Gu Kang 《Child's nervous system》2013,29(12):2229-2239
Purpose
It has been reported that cancer stem cells (CSCs) can be isolated from primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) specimens. Moreover, mesenchymal stem-like cells (MSLCs) have been isolated from Korean glioma specimens. Here, we tested whether tumor spheres and MSLCs can be simultaneously isolated from a single PNET specimen, a question that has not been addressed.Methods
We isolated single-cell suspensions from PNET specimens, then cultured these cells using methods for MSLCs or CSCs. Cultured cells were analyzed for surface markers of CSCs using immunocytochemistry and for surface markers of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). Tumor spheres were exposed to neural differentiation conditions, and MSLCs were exposed to mesenchymal differentiation conditions. Possible locations of MSLCs within PNET specimens were determined by immunofluorescence analysis of tumor sections.Results
Cells similar to tumor spheres and MSLCs were independently isolated from one of two PNET specimens. Spheroid cells, termed PNET spheres, were positive for CD133 and nestin, and negative for musashi and podoplanin. PNET spheres were capable of differentiation into immature neural cells and astrocytes, but not oligodendrocytes or mature neural cells. FACS analysis revealed that adherent cells isolated from the same PNET specimen, termed PNET-MSLCs, had surface markers similar to BM-MSCs. These cells were capable of mesenchymal differentiation. Immunofluorescence labeling indicated that some CD105+ cells might be closely related to endothelial cells and pericytes.Conclusion
We showed that both tumor spheres and MSLCs can be isolated from the same PNET specimen. PNET-MSLCs occupied a niche in the vicinity of the vasculature and could be a source of stroma for PNETs. 相似文献76.
Min Ji Shin Harin Rhee Il Young Kim Sang Heon Song Dong Won Lee Soo Bong Lee Ihm Soo Kwak Eun Young Seong 《Clinical and experimental nephrology》2016,20(3):402-410
Background
The RIFLE classification is widely used to assess the severity of acute kidney injury (AKI), but its application to geriatric AKI patients complicated by medical problems has not been reported.Methods
We investigated 256 geriatric patients (≥65 years old; mean age, 74.4 ± 6.3 years) who developed AKI in the intensive care unit (ICU) according to the RIFLE classification. Etiologic, clinical, and prognostic variables were analyzed.Results
They were categorized into RIFLE-R (n = 53), RIFLE-I (n = 102), and RIFLE-F (n = 101) groups. The overall in-hospital mortality was 39.8 %. There were no significant differences in RIFLE category between survivors and non-survivors. Survivors had significantly less needs for a ventilator and vasopressor, and lower number of failing organs. Survivors had higher systolic blood pressure, hemoglobin level, and serum albumin levels. We performed a logistic regression analysis to identify the independent predictors of in-hospital mortality. In a univariate analysis, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, RIFLE classification, number of failing organs, need for a ventilator and vasopressor, systolic blood pressure, hemoglobin level, and serum albumin levels were identified as prognostic factors of in-hospital mortality. However, in a multivariate analysis, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, number of failing organs, and serum albumin levels were independent risk factors, with no significant difference for in-hospital mortality with the RIFLE classification.Conclusion
The RIFLE classification might not be associated with mortality in geriatric AKI patients in the ICU. In geriatric patients with AKI, various factors besides severity of AKI should be considered to predict mortality.77.
Cerebellar Purkinje neurons have intracellular regulatory systems including Ca2+-binding proteins, intracellular Ca2+ stores, Ca2+-ATPase and Na+-Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) that keep intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in physiological range. Among these, NCX interacts with AMPA receptors, activation of which induces cerebellar synaptic plasticity. And the activation of metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (mGluR1) is also involved in the induction of cerebellar long-term depression. The interaction of NCX with mGluR1 is not known yet. Thus, in this study, the functional relationship between NCX and mGluR1 in modulating the [Ca2+]i in rat Purkinje neurons was investigated. The interaction between NCX and mGluR1 in Purkinje neurons was studied by measuring intracellular Ca2+ transients induced by an agonist of group I mGluRs, 3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine (DHPG). The DHPG-induced Ca2+ transient was significantly reduced by treatments of NCX inhibitors, bepridil and KB-R7943. When cells were pretreated with antisense oligodeoxynucleotides of NCX, the DHPG-induced Ca2+ transient was also inhibited. These results suggest that NCX modulates the activity of mGluR1 in cerebellar Purkinje neurons. Therefore, NCX appears to play an important role in the physiological function of cerebellar Purkinje neurons such as synaptic plasticity. 相似文献
78.
Although Saimiri Transforming Protein (STP)-A11, an oncoprotein of Herpesvirus saimiri, has been known to activate NF-kappaB signaling pathway, the detailed mechanism has not been reported yet. We herein report that STP-A11 activates non-canonical NF-kappaB pathway, resulting in p100 processing to p52. In addition, translocation of p52 protein (NF-kappaB2) into the nucleus is observed by the expression of STP-A11. STP-A11-mediated processing of p100 to p52 protein requires proteosome-mediated proteolysis because MG132 treatment clearly blocked p52 production in spite of the expression of STP-A11. Analysis of STP-A11 mutants to activate NF-kappaB2 pathway discloses the requirement of TRAF6-binding site not Src-binding site for STP-A11-mediated NF-kappaB2 pathway. Blockage of STP-A11-mediated p52 production using siRNA against p52 enhanced a chemotherapeutic drug-mediated cell death, suggesting that p52 production induced by the expression of STP-A11 would contribute to cellular transformation, which results from a resistance to cell death. 相似文献
79.
Duck Soo Lim Yoo Seok Youn Seung Jun Kwack Hyo Min Kwak Seong Kwang Lim Ji Yun Kim 《Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A》2014,77(22-24):1451-1466
Bepotastine salts (nicotinate and salicylate) were investigated for their physicochemical properties to develop novel salt forms of bepotastine, bioequivalent to the bepotastine besilate-loaded tablet (Talion). These bepotastine salts of either nicotinate- or salicylate-loaded tablets were prepared by conventional wet granulation method, and dissolution profiles and pharmacokinetics in beagle dogs were compared to those of Talion. A novel bepotastine nicotinate has a higher solubility at varying pH levels (1.2, 4, or 6.8) than salicylate-loaded or besilate-loaded salt. In addition, those bepostastine salt forms (nicotinate and salicylate) are stable in heat, light, and water. Further, the novel nicotinate- and salicylate-loaded tablets showed similar dissolution rates to Talion in several selected dissolution media and were bioequivalent to Talion in beagle dogs in terms of area under the concentration–time curve (AUC) and maximum observed concentration (Cmax). A pharmacokinetic study performed in beagle dogs demonstrated that test and reference products were found to be bioequivalent in terms of safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetic properties. These results suggest that bepostastine nicotinate and salicylate formulations are considered applicable candidates and are well tolerated versus the conventional bepostastine besilate formulation. 相似文献
80.
Min Soo Choo Sung Yong Cho Kyungtae Ko Chang Wook Jeong Seung Bae Lee Ja Hyeon Ku Sung Kyu Hong Seok-Soo Byun Cheol Kwak Hyeon Hoe Kim Sang Eun Lee Hyeon Jeong 《World journal of urology》2014,32(6):1401-1409