Brighton合作组关于Guillain-Barré综合征的诊断定义和资料收集规范

Guillain-Barr啨综合征(GBS)和Miller Fisher综合征(MFS)的诊断标准随着临床研究的深入在不断演变。2011年1月,《疫苗》杂志发表了国际疫苗安全性监测Brighton合作组关于GBS/MFS的诊断定义和研究资料收集规范。此文献中未采用"诊断标准"而采用"诊断定义"是因为其主要目的为评价疫苗安全性而制定,而非用于神经科的GBS/     

Cognitive reserve and its relevance for the prevention and diagnosis of dementia

Progressive brain damage is undoubtedly the main cause of clinical symptoms of dementia in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease. However, the association between brain damage and cognitive symptoms is not linear. Certain interindividual differences such as a good school education or a greater brain volume are associated with a higher resilience against brain damage that is usually referred to as cognitive reserve (CR). Individuals with high CR have a diminished risk for dementia and both active and passive concepts for this phenomenon are discussed. In the concept of passive CR, peculiarities of brain structure such as higher synapse or neuron counts are regarded as buffers against brain damage. Symptoms of dementia do not occur until a certain threshold of damage is passed. In addition to the passive concepts, active mechanisms are also discussed that are associated with the ability to maintain a certain level of cognitive performance in the face of progressive neurodegeneration for a longer period. In subjects with healthy cognitive function, these active mechanisms contribute to the adaptation of brain activity when task difficulty level is increased. Confronted with progressive neurodegeneration, these active mechanisms help to compensate for brain damage. Individuals with higher CR show more efficient activation for solving the same task, which helps them to preserve normal levels of cognitive performance for a longer period.     

Systematic review and consensus definitions for the Standardised Endpoints in Perioperative Medicine (StEP) initiative: patient comfort

Background

Maximising patient comfort during and after surgery is a primary concern of anaesthetists and other perioperative clinicians, but objective measures of what constitutes patient comfort in the perioperative period remain poorly defined. The Standardised Endpoints in Perioperative Medicine initiative was established to derive a set of standardised endpoints for use in perioperative clinical trials.