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A total of 203 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) with normal blood pressure (BP) as well as with systemic arterial hypertension of different character (labile and stable pulmonogenic essential hypertension) were examined. It was established that if COPD is associated with labile pulmonogenic hypertension and essential hypertension, the underlying disease runs a more benign course. In patients with COPD associated with normal BP or with labile pulmonogenic hypertension, use can be made of broncholytic drugs of different adrenoreceptor action. In associated COPD and stable pulmonogenic hypertension or essential hypertension it is desirable to administer selective stimulants of beta-2-adrenoreceptors, e.g. salbutamol. 相似文献
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Calhoun PS Levin HF Dedert EA Johnson Y;VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research Education Clinical Center Registry Workgroup Beckham JC 《Journal of traumatic stress》2011,24(3):303-308
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with increased rates of smoking although little is known regarding the mechanisms underlying this relationship. The current study examined expectations about smoking outcomes among smokers with and without PTSD. The sample included 96 veterans (mean age of 34 years) and included 17% women and 50% racial minorities. Smoking expectancies were measured with the Smoking Consequences Questionnaire-Adult (Copeland, Brandon, & Quinn, 1995). Consistent with previous work suggesting that smokers with PTSD smoke in an effort to reduce negative affect, unadjusted analyses indicated that smokers with PTSD (n = 38) had higher expectations that smoking reduces negative affect than smokers without PTSD (d = 0.61). Smokers with PTSD also had increased expectancies associated with boredom reduction (d = 0.48), stimulation (d = 0.61), taste/sensorimotor manipulation aspects of smoking (d = 0.73), and social facilitation (d = 0.61). Results of hierarchical linear regression analyses indicated that PTSD symptom severity was uniquely associated with these expectancies beyond the effects of gender and nicotine dependence. More positive beliefs about the consequences of smoking may increase risk of continued smoking among those with PTSD who smoke. Further understanding of smoking expectancies in this group may help in developing interventions tailored for this vulnerable population. 相似文献
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PA Uplap GA Mishra P Majumdar SD Gupta PS Rane PK Sadalge AM Avasare SS Goswami VA Dhar SS Shastri 《Indian Journal of Community Medicine》2011,36(2):133-138