Analytical Assessment and Nutritional Adequacy of School Lunches in Sintra’s Public Primary Schools

School meals present several cost benefits overtime at the short, medium, and long term for individuals and society. This cross-sectional study aims to analyse the nutritional composition and evaluate the adequacy of school lunches. One hundred and fifty-eight samples were collected and analysed from 10 primary schools in Sintra’s municipality, served during one week. On average, energy (27.7% daily energetic requirements) and carbohydrate (48.1%) contents did not reach the reference values, and the content of protein (19.5%) exceeded the reference value (p < 0.05). The mean total fat (28.8%) and saturated fatty acids (5.4%) content complied with the recommendations. The mean salt (1.7 g) and dietary fibre (8.3 g) content exceeded the reference value but did not differ significantly from the recommendations. Addressing school canteens is crucial, not only in a nutritional approach, but also as an opportunity to achieve healthier, sustainable, and accessible food systems, aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals 2030. We highlighted the importance of evaluating evidence-based practices and disseminated practice-based evidence regarding the adequacy of school lunches.     

Gründe für die Ablehnung behördlicher Empfehlungen und Maßnahmen zum Schutz vor SARS-CoV-2 – eine qualitative Studie auf Basis von Beiträgen in sozialen Medien

Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz - Um die Ausbreitung von SARS-CoV‑2 (schweres akutes Atemwegssyndrom-Coronavirus-Typ&nbsp;2) zu verlangsamen, haben Bund...     

两种环磷酰胺冲击方案对狼疮性肾炎的疗效和肿瘤坏死因子的影响

目的：探讨大剂量环磷酰胺静脉冲击治疗狼疮性肾炎（LN）的合理方案及对肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）水平的影响,方法：将51例LN患者分为A,B两组,分别给予2周（A组）和4周（B组）一次环磷酰胺静脉冲击治疗（IV－CYC）,每次用量0．5－1．0g/m2,同时口服强的松1mg.kg^-1.d^-1。用ELISA双抗体夹心法检测LN患者血清和尿TNF水平。结果：A组病情缓解率显著高于B组（P＜0．05）,活动期LN患者血清和尿TNF水平显著高于稳定期,轻度肾功不全患者血清TNF水平显著高于肾功正常者（P＜0．05）,结论：IV－CYC加强的松治疗能显著降低LN患者TNF水平且2周方案优于4周方案,治疗中应根据病情,外周白细胞数和肾功能调整,重症和急进期LN每2周1次,病情轻者可每4周1次,血清和尿TNF的变化有助于监测狼疮活动和肾损害程度。     

新生儿硬肿症播散性血管内凝血和肺出血的研究及其临床意义

目的 :探讨不同病情硬肿症播散性血管内凝血 (DIC)的出凝血功能改变 ,为合理治疗提供理论依据。方法 :比较观察组 10 0例和对照组 5 0例 5项出凝血指标检测结果。结果 :观察组不同病情之间比较 :凝血酶原时间 ,3P试验 ,血小板计数和外周血红细胞形态无显著性差异 (P均 >0 0 5 ) ;试管法凝血时间比较 ,有显著性差异 (P <0 0 5 )。观察组与对照组 5项指标比较有非常显著性差异 (P <0 0 1)。结论 :新生儿硬肿症存在播散性血管内凝血的出凝血功能改变 ,病情越重改变越明显 ,越易合并DIC、肺出血 ,病死率也越高 ,硬肿症早期血液多呈现高凝状态 ,DIC的晚期多呈现低凝状态。早期肝素治疗 ,不仅可改变血液的出凝血状态 (高凝状态 ) ,而且是防治DIC ,肺出血 ,提高治愈率的有效途径。治疗硬肿症加强综合支持疗法 ,尤其是维持内环境稳定纠正酸中毒切不可忽视 ,否则肝素在酸性环境中灭活失效     

木贼对大鼠心功能的影响

目的：研究木贼对心脏功能的影响。方法：建立新式离体作功心脏模型。用上海产SJ-42型四道生理记录仪测定生理参数左室收缩压（LVSP）、左室内压上升速率最大值（dP/dtmax)、左室舒张期末压（LVEDP）、左室内压下降速率最大值（-dP/dtmax)、冠脉流量（CF）、心率（HR）和心电图（ECG）。结果：经过适当剂量木贼药液灌注后的离体作功心脏与用药前自身对照比较,LVSP、dP/dtmax、-dp/dtmax、CF增大,而HR变慢,经随机区组方差分析,均有显著差异。结论：木贼有增强心脏收缩与舒张功能,有增加冠脉流量和减慢心率的作用。     

大鼠酒精性肝病血浆内毒素水平及其对肝脏的损害作用

目的　观察实验性大鼠酒精性肝病时血浆内毒素水平及其在酒精性肝损害中的作用。方法　随机将Wistar大鼠分为乙醇喂养组和葡萄糖喂养对照组。乙醇喂养组大鼠饮水中加入乙醇 (剂量 5～ 1 2 g·kg-1·d-1)喂养 ,对照组饮水中加入相同量的葡萄糖。两组大鼠分别于 4周和 8周活杀取材测定其血浆中内毒素浓度变化及血清中谷丙转氨酶 (ALT)水平变化 ,并在光镜和电镜下观察肝脏的形态学改变。结果　乙醇喂养组大鼠喂养 4周和 8周时血浆内毒素浓度分别为 1 2 9± 2 1 pg/ml和 1 87±3 5pg/ml,明显高于对照组的 48± 9pg/ml和 53± 1 1 pg/ml(P <0 0 5) ;乙醇组血清ALT浓度为 1 1 2± 1 5IU/L和 1 47± 2 2IU/L。也明显高于对照组的 3 1± 1 2IU/L和 3 3± 9IU/L(P <0 0 5)。乙醇组肝组织发生显著的病理变化 ,主要表现为脂肪变性、炎性细胞浸润及细胞坏死。对照组肝组织病理变化不明显。结论　乙醇能诱导大鼠血中内毒素浓度升高 ,造成肝脏损害     

热力学模型对石油低压汽液平衡计算的适用性

以Maxwell-Bonnel图拟合式、对比态Antoine方程及Pitzer-Riedel关联式分别求算饱和蒸汽压P^0,并用RoultK值（K＝P^0／P）,计算窄留分K值。根据实测的中原、孤岛和克拉玛依石油馏分低压K值,考察上述三式,结果表明：对比态Antoine式预测精度是最好的,其温度预测绝对平均偏差为7．0℃,K值预测平均相对偏差为15．6％,其他两模型偏差均较大。     

Carbamazepine-induced sperm disorders can be associated with the altered expressions of testicular KCNJ11/miR-let-7a and spermatozoal CFTR/miR-27a

Male infertility is a global health problem, and the underlying molecular mechanisms are not clearly known. Ion channels and microRNAs (miRNAs), known to function in many vital functions in cells, have been shown to play a significant role in male infertility through changes in their expressions. The study aimed to evaluate the alterations of testicular and/or spermatozoal potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily J member 11 (KCNJ11), Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), miR-let-7a and miR-27a expressions in carbamazepine-related male infertility. Here, we showed that carbamazepine reduced sperm motility, increased abnormal sperm morphology, and impaired hormonal balance as well as increased relative testis weight and decreased relative seminal vesicle weight. On the other hand, downregulated KCNJ11 and upregulated miR-let-7a expressions were determined in testis (p < .05). Also, downregulated KCNJ11 and upregulated CFTR and miR-27a expressions were found in spermatozoa (p < .05). Interestingly, altered testicular KCNJ11 and miR-let-7a expressions were correlated with decreased sperm motility and elevated sperm tail defect. Besides, spermatozoal CFTR and miR-27a expressions positively correlated with sperm tail defects. The results indicated a significant relationship between ion channel and/or miRNA expression alterations and impaired sperm parameters due to carbamazepine usage.     

A closer look at iatrogenic hypospadias

Almost all surgical repair techniques for hypospadias include dissection of the glans penis, and covering the neo-urethra with the glans tissue circumferentially. Surprisingly, the presence of the “septum glandis” in the ventral midline has been overlooked for decades. A careful examination of six patients with iatrogenic hypospadias (IH) revealed direct indications of the septum glandis. All patients were treated with long-term urethral catheterisation in the paediatric intensive care unit due to neurologic and/or metabolic diseases. The glans was disrupted in all patients due to ventral midline compression of the urethral catheter, which resulted in a tear in the septum glandis. A remnant of the septum glandis was clearly observed in patients with an incomplete tear. Further injuries caused tear in the frenulum and corpus spongiosum, exposed the glanular urethra and made its vertical elliptical shape, the “fossa navicularis”, visible. Intact contours of the separated glans wings were observed in all patients. The glans wings merge ventrally in the midline, but are separated by a fine connective tissue (septum glandis) in conjunction with the frenulum, which is involved in the formation of the ventral wall of the glanular urethra. IH provides further insight into the structural anatomy of the normal human glans and glanular urethra.     

Evaluation of the effect of shift working and sleep quality on semen parameters in men attending infertility clinic

We aimed to evaluate the effect of shift work on semen parameters together with the effect of sleep quality in men attending infertility clinic. The participants were divided into two groups as follows: 104 shift worker men (Group 1) and 116 nonshift worker men (Group 2). Groups were compared in terms of semen parameters, Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21), and Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scores. A higher rate of oligozoospermia and poor sleep quality and a lower mean normal morphology percentage was observed in shift workers than nonshift workers (p = .006, .039 and .036 respectively). In addition, a positive correlation was seen between sleep duration and sperm concentration, while a negative correlation was found between sleep latency and total sperm count. Shift working together with high PSQI score was also a significant association with oligozoospermia when controlling for the other variables of age, total testosterone, DASS-21 stress score, smoking and varicocele (OR = 2.11, 95% CI 1.03–4.34 and OR = 1.18, 95% CI 1.01–1.39 respectively). In this study, infertile shift workers had a lower percentage of normal morphology and higher rates of oligozoospermia and poor sleep quality. Considering that shift workers have lower sleep quality, it seems that shift working negatively affects the circadian rhythm.