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Sutter TR He XR Dimitrov P Xu L Narasimhan G George EO Sutter CH Grubbs C Savory R Stephan-Gueldner M Kreder D Taylor MJ Lubet R Patterson TA Kensler TW 《Molecular cancer therapeutics》2002,1(14):1283-1292
Microarray technology has greatly aided the identification of genes that are expressed differentially. Statistical analysis of such data by multiple comparisons procedures has been slow to develop, in part, because methods to cluster the results of such comparisons in biologically meaningful ways have not been available. We isolated and analyzed, by Northern blot and GeneChip, replicate liver RNA samples (n = 4/group) from rats fed with control diet or diet containing one of three chemopreventive compounds, selected because their pharmacological activities, including RNA expression response, are relatively well understood. We report on a classification tree, based on the results of nonparametric multiple comparisons, which results in the bipolar hierarchical clustering of genes in relation to their response to treatment. In addition to identifying treatment-responsive genes, application of this procedure to our test study identified the known pharmacological relationships among the treatment groups without supervision. Also, small treatment-specific subsets of genes were identified that may be indicative of additional pharmacophores present in the test compounds. 相似文献
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Simone SM Ho Winnie WM Yu Terence T Lao Daniel HK Chow Joanne WY Chung Yi Li 《Journal of clinical nursing》2009,18(11):1523-1532
Aims. This article aims to review the literature published to date on the types, current use, the biomechanical effects and adverse effects of maternity support belts for low back pain during pregnancy, to identify future research directions. Background. Lumbar/pelvic support belts are frequently recommended for the prevention and treatment of low back pain during pregnancy. Design. Systematic review. Methods. MEDLINE, CINAHL, the Cochrane Library and patents databases were electronically searched. Results. Maternity support belts belong to one of the four main types of maternity support garments, which are widely commercially‐available. Current research showed limited evidence in support of the commercial maternity products regarding the effectiveness in the prevention and/or treatment of low back pain during pregnancy, other than that from the manufacturers. However, potential stabilisation effect of maternity support belt was demonstrated in some studies. Adverse effects reported include increased pain, fetal heart rate changes, skin irritation and discomfort. Conclusions. There is insufficient scientific evidence to conclude that wearing maternity support belts reduces pregnancy‐related low back pain and/or pelvic girdle pain. Future research directions in the area of biomechanics and physiology are recommended. Relevance to clinical practice. This review provides comprehensive understanding of the effectiveness of maternity support belts for the relief of low back pain during pregnancy which will facilitate healthcare professionals in providing evidence‐based advice to their patients. 相似文献
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Psychological stress has long been suspected to worsen voiding dysfunction in men, but the possible causal relationship is
poorly understood. Investigators have used many study methods, including observational studies and several prospective trials,
intended to elicit psychological stress and then measure symptoms. Prostate growth is noted to decrease in animals that have
undergone surgical sympathectomy, suggesting a role for the sympathetic nervous system in the growth of the prostate and not
just in the contraction of its smooth muscle component. Prostate-specific antigen is noted to increase in men with poor social
support and recent stress. Voiding parameters and prostate volume are also affected in patients with spinal cord injury. A
growing body of literature relates stress to voiding dysfunction. Interest in this will likely increase as the knowledge base
and understanding of the physiology improve. 相似文献
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