In einer prospektiven Studie zentraler Talusfrakturen wurden radiologische Daten (Nativr?ntgenbild, CT, MRT) auf ihre Korrelation
zum histologischen Befund (Biopsie zum Zeitpunkt der Schraubenentfernung) überprüft. Bei 9 Frakturen an 8 Patienten (Alter
14 – 48 Jahre) handelte es sich um Frakturen des Typs Hawkins I und II je einmal sowie des Typs III viermal; in 3 weiteren
F?llen lagen K?rperfrakturen vor. Innerhalb von 24 h nach dem Unfall wurden 7 Frakturen verschraubt und 2 mit Bohrdr?hten
adaptiert. Das verletzte Bein wurde für 14 – 53 Wochen post trauma vollst?ndig entlastet. Die Beobachtungszeit betrug mit
einer Ausnahme 2 Jahre oder mehr; 4 Patienten zeigten am letzten R?ntgenbild einen intakten Talus, 4 Patienten zeigten partielle
Einbrüche des Talusdoms und in 1 Fall war ein Teileinbruch fraglich. Die histologische Untersuchung (16 – 52 Wochen post trauma)
zeigte in allen F?llen osteozytenfreien origin?ren Knochen mit Anlagerung neuen Knochens in individuell recht unterschiedlichem
Ausma?. Das Hawkins-Zeichen war in 6 F?llen partiell positiv, sowie je einmal positiv und einmal negativ. Im CT konnte sowohl
Dekalzifikation als auch Frakturheilung besser als im R?ntgenbild beobachtet werden. Das MRT-Signal war 5mal normal, 2mal
partiell und einmal komplett pathologisch. Positives Hawkins-Zeichen und normales Signalverhalten sind prognostisch günstig
zu werten. Es kam jedoch in Folge zentraler Talusfraktur auch bei radiologisch günstigem Verlauf zur Osteonekrose wenigstens
von Teilen Talus gefolgt von schleichendem Ersatz. Die offenbar bei jeder zentralen Talusfraktur gest?rte Vaskularisation
wurde von keinem radiologischen Befund einwandfrei reflektiert.
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Age and gender effects on verbal episodic memory are well established. However, the possibility of interactions between age and gender has been raised by studies linking estrogen and verbal memory performance, and by research suggesting gender differences in age-related cortical atrophy. We evaluated whether age by gender interactions in verbal memory were present. Subjects within three years of the median age of menopause were excluded from a large cohort of normal subjects, resulting in a younger sample (16-47 years) of 288 men and 285 women, and an older sample (55-89 years) of 201 men and 245 women. All subjects were administered the CVLT-2, a multiple-trial list-learning task. Verbal memory was negatively correlated with age for younger men, older men, and older women, but not for younger women. Multivariate analyses indicated age by gender interactions on memory for the younger group but not the older group. Results indicate that verbal memory declines with age for younger men but not younger women, whereas both older men and older women show age-related declines. These findings are consistent with hypotheses linking estrogen and verbal memory performance, and with imaging data suggesting that age-related hippocampal atrophy is found in younger men but not younger women. The role of estrogen on cognition in normal aging warrants further study. 相似文献
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