Sudden death after an operation for gall stones

During 10 years 3000 patients were operated upon for chronic calculous cholecystitis. Twenty of these patients died during 30 days after operation, in 16 of them death resulted from incompetence of the vital organs. Endotoxicosis and polyorganic insufficiency after technically correct operations for chronic calculous cholecystitis are thought by the authors to be a variant of anaerobic infection with possible development of sepsis.     

The E-cigarette ban in India—A step in the right direction?

Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are a popular method to help quit tobacco smoking. However, there is a paucity of data in the literature on their safety and efficacy. Recently, the Indian Government has called for a ban on all e-cigarettes and taken steps to restrict access to vaping products from the market. This major decision was an attempt to safeguard the younger population from using e-cigarette and their possible longer-term addiction together with its promotions by domestic industries. In this article, we evaluate the role of e-cigarettes to help stop smoking tobacco cessation and consider the factors that have facilitated the ban on e-cigarettes in India.     

Clinical Profile of Surgical Diseases with Emergence of New Problems in HIV+ Individuals

North Karnataka is one of the regions with the high prevalence of HIV+ individuals. Bijapur is a district in North Karnataka with high prevalence as per fact sheets of NACO of March 2012. Better awareness, access to health care, and antiretroviral therapy have improved survival and increase in number of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA). Improved survival has increased their attendance to hospitals with variety of surgical problems, some known and some less known. The percentage of HIV+ individuals was 1.64 % among all admissions. Of these individuals, 13.65 % (272) had surgical problems. Abscesses were the commonest. Abscesses at uncommon sites also were encountered. Anorectal pathologies, tuberculosis, lymphadenopathy, appendicitis, etc. commonly seen in HIV+ individuals were seen. Drug-induced pancreatitis due to anti retroviral therapy was one of the common problems encountered. Uncommon conditions like ureteric calculi, external iliac artery thrombosis, diaphragmatic eventration, and few more were observed. Even though literature on AIDS/HIV is abundant, there is less information on surgical conditions encountered more so from this part of the subcontinent. Hence, it was decided to report the profile of the conditions encountered.     

Movement of pulmonary artery catheters

Summary Intraluminal movements of pulmonary artery catheters are seldom considered, although they may have a significant impact on flow measurement and safety. The purpose of this study was to document the movements of these catheters within the heart cycle, and to establish whether any patterns existed. We analyzed two-dimensional real time echocardiography cross-sectional images of the human pulmonary artery in 20 patients, plotting the position of the intra-arterial catheter frame-by-frame onto a standardized template. We found that movement of the catheter within the pulmonary artery occurred in a seemingly random pattern. There was no movement pattern to the inferior right of the vessel, an area known to have complex velocity profiles and erroneous velocity measurements. The catheter moved substantially throughout the heart cycle, occasionally quite close to the vessel wall. We observed significant movement of the pulmonary artery catheter throughout the heart cycle, without any predictable pattern. Although we did not specifically investigate the effect of these movements on cardiac output, they imply that intra-arterial Doppler flow measurements from the pulmonary artery may be inaccurate, since a stable catheter position, and, hence, a sample volume, cannot be ensured. Further speculation can be made on the implications of these movements in regard to thermodilution cardiac output and safety.     

Automatization of the monitoring of medical staff--the basis of their continued professional education

Some reasons preventing realization of a principle of vocational training of the medical personnel of health service BC the Russian Federation, including the expense of insufficient efficiency of planning of formation are considered in the article. Recommendations about working out of the personnel register are given.     

Nutrition support in complications after bariatric surgery

Obesity is a disease, requiring timely operative intervention frequently. To the testimonies it is necessary to befit very carefully in connection with possible complications as violation of a digestive-transport function of gastrointestinal tract.     

The impact of heart health promotion on coronary heart disease lifestyle risk factors in schoolchildren: lessons learnt from a community-based project

A community health promotion project called Action Heart was undertaken in two electoral wards in Rotherham to try to change lifestyles of people. Schools were included within the project.Coronary heart disease lifestyle risk factors were measured at baseline and after a three year period in the intervention area and a similar control area. Lifestyle factors in schoolchildren were measured separately from adults using a different instrument.The post intervention survey of adults and economic evaluation demonstrated that Action Heart had achieved cost-effective estimated health gains. In the schoolchildren however, a mixture of positive and negative risk factor changes in both areas was demonstrated. Significant changes in lifestyle risk factors in schoolchildren were not elicited using this approach.The possible reasons for the lack of impact on lifestyle risk factors in schoolchildren are examined and the implications for further work explored.