Correlation Between Fluid–Fluid Levels on Initial MRI and the Response to Chemotherapy in Stage IIB Osteosarcoma

Background

The presence of fluid–fluid levels (FFLs) on osteosarcoma magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is underestimated as a nonspecific finding; however, we hypothesized that FFL in conventional osteosarcoma may be indicative of chemoresistance.

Methods

In 567 stage IIB osteosarcoma patients, we evaluated the following: the incidence of FFL and their correlation with other clinicopathological variables; tumor volume change after chemotherapy and survival according to the presence of FFL; and the relationship between survival and the extent of FFL.

Results

One hundred eight (19 %) tumors showed FFL on initial MRI. FFL were correlated with proximal humeral location (P = 0.017), osteolytic on plain radiographs (P < 0.001), tumor enlargement after chemotherapy (P < 0.001), and poor histological response (P = 0.005). Large tumor (P < 0.01), proximal tumor location (P = 0.01), and presence of FFL (P < 0.01) were independent predictors of poor survival. Compared to the extensive FFL (more than one third of the tumor), small foci of FFL (less than one third of the tumor) showed a high tendency for tumor enlargement after chemotherapy (P < 0.001), poor histologic response (P = 0.001), and worse survival (P < 0.001).

Conclusions

FFL on initial MRI could predict tumor progression after chemotherapy. Notably, tumors with small foci of FFL (less than one third of the tumor) have a high propensity for poor outcome. Patients with this finding should be considered for risk-adapted therapy.     

Developmental Programming by Maternal Insulin Resistance: Hyperinsulinemia,Glucose Intolerance,and Dysregulated Lipid Metabolism in Male Offspring of Insulin-Resistant Mice

Maternal obesity and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are associated with obesity and diabetes risk in offspring. We tested whether maternal insulin resistance, which frequently coexists with GDM and obesity, could independently contribute to dysregulation of offspring metabolism. Female mice haploinsufficient for insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS1-het) are hyperinsulinemic and insulin resistant during pregnancy, despite normal plasma glucose and body weight, and thus serve as a model of isolated maternal insulin resistance. Wild-type (WT) offspring of IRS1-het dams insulin resistance-exposed [IR-exposed] were compared with WT offspring of WT dams. Despite no differences in adiposity, male IR-exposed pups were glucose intolerant (P = 0.04) and hyperinsulinemic (1.3-fold increase, P = 0.02) by 1 month of age and developed progressive fasting hyperglycemia. Moreover, male IR-exposed pups challenged with high-fat diet exhibited insulin resistance. Liver lipidomic analysis of 3-week-old IR-exposed males revealed increases in the 16:1n7 fraction of several lipid classes, suggesting increased Scd1 activity. By 6 months of age, IR-exposed males had increased lipid accumulation in liver as well as increased plasma refed fatty acids, consistent with disrupted lipid metabolism. Our results indicate that isolated maternal insulin resistance, even in the absence of hyperglycemia or obesity, can promote metabolic perturbations in male offspring.     

Endoscopic management for pancreatic injuries due to blunt abdominal trauma decreases failure of nonoperative management and incidence of pancreatic-related complications

Introduction

The actual benefit of endoscopic techniques in the non-operative management (NOM) of pancreatic injury is still unclear, with its role and effectiveness in the NOM of pancreatic injury remains defined and doubted. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and long-term results of endoscopic techniques in the NOM of blunt pancreatic injury, and to determine whether NOM can be performed safely for selective patients with pancreatic injury.

Patients and methods

The records and follow-up data of all patients with blunt pancreatic injuries over 16-year period from October 1, 1996, to September 30, 2012 at our department were retrospectively reviewed. Failure of NOM (FNOM) occurred if laparotomy was required after attempted NOM.

Results

132 patients (32% of all patients with blunt pancreatic injury) underwent NOM, including 58 who underwent endoscopic management (EM) and 74 who were observed without EM (NO-EM). FNOM of overall NOM was 20%, including 30% of NO-EM and 9% of EM. There was no significant difference in FNOM for NO-EM versus EM for grade I, however, a significant decrease in FNOM was noted with the addition of EM for grade II and III. EM was a statistically significant independent risk factor. Regular follow-up of 1 year showed that, for patients from grade I to III, 53 patients (42%) from operative management (OM) and 34 patients (46%) of the NO-EM developed various pancreatic-related complications, while only 15 patients (26%) of the EM developed such complications, and the difference was significant.

Conclusion

Application of strictly defined selection criteria for NOM and EM in patients with blunt pancreatic injury resulted in one of the lowest FNOM rates (9%) and pancreatic-related complications incidence (25%). Selective application of EM for hemodynamically stable patients with blunt pancreatic injury will extend the indications for, and improve success of NOM.     

Implications of Osteoblast-Osteoclast Interactions in the Management of Osteoporosis by Antiresorptive Agents Denosumab and Odanacatib

Antiresorptive agents, used in the treatment of osteoporosis, inhibit either osteoclast formation or function. However, with these approaches, osteoblast activity is also reduced because of the loss of osteoclast-derived coupling factors that serve to stimulate bone formation. This review discusses how osteoclast inhibition influences osteoblast function, comparing the actions of an inhibitor of osteoclast formation [anti-RANKL/Denosumab (DMAB)] with that of a specific inhibitor of osteoclastic cathepsin K activity [Odanacatib (ODN)]. Denosumab rapidly and profoundly, but reversibly, reduces bone formation. In contrast, preclinical studies and clinical trials of ODN showed that bone formation at some skeletal sites was preserved although resorption was reduced. This preservation of bone formation appears to be due to effects of coupling factors, secreted by osteoclasts and released from demineralized bone matrix. This indicates that bone resorptive activities of osteoclasts are separable from their coupling activities.     

纽扣钢板悬吊固定自体胴绳肌肌腱前交叉韧带重建术后远端骨隧道填充磷酸三钙人工骨的临床分析

目的：判断微孔磷酸三钙（ mp-TCP）临床上是否可以有效促进腱骨愈合,提高膝关节稳定性,减少胫骨隧道的扩大,恢复关节功能。方法本研究对2007年6月至2008年10月,120例进行前交叉韧带（ ACL）自体腘绳肌肌腱重建手术的患者进行研究,随机填充mp-TCP,符合实验标准共105例患者。术后随访1年,进行临床、影像学指标统计分析。结果 TCP填充组及TCP非填充组两组在术后12个月的临床指标中,膝关节活动度（ ROM）、单腿跳跃检查、大腿周径差别、Lachman试验和轴移试验结果均无统计学差异;Tegner评分,Lysholm评分和IKDC主观功能量化评分统计学上也均无统计学差异（P＜0.05）;但是双侧膝关节前向松弛度差异（SSD）上则有统计学差异。重建术后影像学指标统计分析示骨隧道填充TCP可以有效减少术后骨隧道扩大的程度。结论前交叉韧带自体腘绳肌肌腱重建手术骨隧道填充TCP可以有效减少术后骨隧道扩大的程度。     

重组合异种骨复合浓缩自体骨髓移植修复股骨头缺损性坏死

目的:将复合重组合异种骨的自体浓缩骨髓移植到按Trapdoor法制作的股骨头缺损内,以观察其对股骨头坏死后骨缺损的修复和重建能力。方法:实验于2005-05/12在安徽医科大学附属安徽省立医院中心实验室完成。将成年健康新西兰兔24只48髋按Trapdoor法制作双侧股骨头缺损模型并随机分为6组:自体骨 自体骨髓组;自体骨组;重组合异种骨 自体骨髓组;重组合异种骨组;空白对照组;正常对照组。其中自体骨组和异种骨组实验动物右侧同时植入自体骨髓和载体,左侧仅植入载体。自体骨为取自自体髂骨的皮质松质混合骨;重组合异种骨由天津金世公司提供;自体浓缩骨髓取自体,用肝素化的注射器在股骨大转子处穿刺抽取骨髓2～3mL,低温离心机以1500r/min离心,获浓缩骨髓0.5mL备用。在制作缺损模型后即按分组植入不同复合物,空白对照组自然愈合。于植入后4,8,12周通过X射线片、CT、组织学等方法观察其骨缺损修复能力。结果:实验兔24只均进入结果分析。①X射线检查结果:术后4周,异种骨组与自体骨组关节面光滑,缺损区可见少量絮状影,自体骨组较重组合异种骨组稍明显,而此二组右侧较左侧为好。自然愈合组见扩大的低密度影。术后12周,异种骨组与自体骨组关节面光滑,缺损区可见接近正常骨小梁结构影,右侧较左侧为佳。自然愈合组可见硬化和囊变影。②CT检查结果:术后12周,异种骨组与自体骨组CT表现相近,关节面光整,缺损区被接近正常骨组织影替代,右侧优于左侧。自然愈合组仍为低密度影,伴硬化和囊变影。③组织学观察结果:术后4周,大体观察,自体骨组与异种骨组关节面光滑。镜下观察,自体骨组右侧较左侧炎症反应轻,新骨生成稍多。异种骨组可见骨小梁样结构,右侧无明显坏死和组织细胞,左侧可见局灶坏死和少量组织细胞。空白对照组见脂肪性骨髓,骨坏死及炎性细胞。术后12周,大体观察,自体骨组与异种骨组关节面光滑。镜下观察,自体骨组右侧骨小梁丰富,形粗,排列整齐,其周围可见骨母细胞及新生的血管;左侧骨小梁稀疏,形细。异种骨组右侧新生骨骨小梁排列整齐,近似板层骨;左侧新生骨骨小梁排列稍乱。自然愈合组缺损区域周围有脂性骨髓组织,中央有纤维组织增生,碎片样软骨组织,缺损区无成熟骨组织。结论:复合重组合异种骨的浓缩自体骨髓修复股骨头缺损具有优良的骨传导性和骨诱导性及良好的机械支撑。     

饮食干预在门诊肿瘤化疗病人中的应用研究

[目的]探讨饮食干预对提高门诊肿瘤化疗病人生活质量的影响。[方法]将187例门诊肿瘤化疗病人随机分为两组,A组(93例)进行饮食干预,B组(94例)进行常规指导,两组病人均给予一定的止吐药物。[结果]对病人进行饮食干预后生活质量有明显的提高,两组病人在顺利完成化疗计划有统计学意义(P<0.01)。[结论]对门诊化疗病人实施有计划、针对性饮食干预,提高了病人的生活质量,保证了化疗计划的顺利完成,从而提高生存质量。     

Experimental study of delivery of humidified‐warm carbon dioxide during open abdominal surgery

Background

The aim of this study was to monitor the effect of humidified‐warm carbon dioxide (HWCO₂) delivered into the open abdomen of mice, simulating laparotomy.

Methods

Mice were anaesthetized, ventilated and subjected to an abdominal incision followed by wound retraction. In the experimental group, a diffuser device was used to deliver HWCO₂; the control group was exposed to passive air flow. In each group of mice, surgical damage was produced on one side of the peritoneal wall. Vital signs and core temperature were monitored throughout the 1‐h procedure. The peritoneum was closed and mice were allowed to recover for 24 h or 10 days. Tumour cells were delivered into half of the mice in each cohort. Tissue was then examined using scanning electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry.

Results

Passive air flow generated ultrastructural damage including mesothelial cell bulging/retraction and loss of microvilli, as assessed at 24 h. Evidence of surgical damage was still measurable on day 10. HWCO₂ maintained normothermia, whereas open surgery alone led to hypothermia. The degree of tissue damage was significantly reduced by HWCO₂ compared with that in controls. Peritoneal expression of hypoxia inducible factor 1α and vascular endothelial growth factor A was lowered by HWCO₂. These effects were also evident at the surgical damage sites, where protection from tissue trauma extended to 10 days. HWCO₂ did not reduce tumorigenesis in surgically damaged sites compared with passive air flow.

Conclusion

HWCO₂ diffusion into the abdomen in the context of open surgery afforded tissue protection and accelerated tissue repair in mice, while preserving normothermia.

Surgical relevance

Damage to the peritoneum always occurs during open abdominal surgery, by exposure to desiccating air and by mechanical trauma/damage owing to the surgical intervention. Previous experimental studies showed that humidified‐warm carbon dioxide (HWCO₂) reduced peritoneal damage during laparoscopic insufflation. Additionally, this intervention decreased experimental peritoneal carcinomatosis compared with the use of conventional dry‐cold carbon dioxide. In the present experimental study, the simple delivery of HWCO₂ into the open abdomen reduced the amount of cellular damage and inflammation, and accelerated tissue repair. Sites of surgical intervention serve as ideal locations for cancer cell adhesion and subsequent tumour formation, but this was not changed measurably by the delivery of HWCO₂.     

Increased risk of kidney damage among Chinese adults with simple renal cyst

Background

The presence of simple renal cyst (SRC) has been related to hypertension, the early and long-term allograft function, and aortic disease, but the relationship with kidney damage was still controversial. Accordingly, we conducted a large sample cross-sectional study to explore the association of SRC with indicators of kidney damage among Chinese adults.

Methods

A total of 42,369 adults (aged 45.8?±?13.67 years, 70.6% males) who visited the Health Checkup Clinic were consecutively enrolled. SRC was assessed by ultrasonography according to Bosniak category. Multiple regression models were applied to explore the relationships between SRC and indicators of kidney damage [proteinuria (dipstick urine protein?≥?1+) and decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (DeGFR)?<?60 ml/min/1.73 m²].

Results

Among all participants in the study, the prevalence of SRC was 10.5%. As a categorical outcome, participants with more 1 cyst and with 1 cyst had higher percentage of proteinuria [53 (5.3%) and 93 (2.7%) vs. 596 (1.6%), p?<?0.001] and DeGFR [57 (5.7%) and 85 (2.5%) vs. 278 (0.7%), p?<?0.001] compared with participants with no cyst. SRC significantly correlated with proteinuria [OR 1.59 (95% CI 1.30–1.95)] and DeGFR [OR 1.97 (95% CI 1.56–2.47)] after adjusting for potential confounders. Furthermore, the results also demonstrated that maximum diameter (per 1 cm increase), bilateral location, and multiple cysts significantly correlated with DeGFR in the multiple logistic regression analysis.

Conclusions

The study revealed that SRC significantly correlated with kidney damage and special attention should be paid among Chinese adults with SRC.

     

Outcomes at a single center after subintimal arterial flossing with antegrade-retrograde intervention for critical limb ischemia

Objective

The subintimal arterial flossing with antegrade-retrograde intervention technique has been used to overcome antegrade recanalization failures for peripheral lower limb arterial occlusive disease. There are few outcomes published for this technique and we sought to evaluate outcomes at our institution over a 7-year period.