肾移植术后肺孢子菌肺炎感染与CD4细胞计数的相关性

目的 分析肺孢子菌肺炎感染与CD4细胞计数的相关性。方法 对武汉大学人民医院器官移植科2019年4月至2020年3月收治的134例肾移植术后1年内患者,其中54例患者确诊感染肺孢子菌肺炎,检测CD4细胞数量。分析肺孢子菌肺炎发病率与CD4细胞计数是否具有相关性,再根据CD4细胞计数分成3组,以t检验分别分析两组患者的住院天数、吸氧天数、肺部炎症吸收天数等相关指标,探究CD4细胞计数与肺孢子菌肺炎转归与预后之间的关系。结果 134例病例中有53例患者感染肺孢子菌肺炎,3组患病率分别0.237、0.720、0.813。根据分组分别用住院时间、吸氧时间、病灶吸收时间两两进行t检验,P值分别为0.667、0.517、0.779、0.335、0.863、0.150、0.404、0.139、0.405。结果显示均无统计学差异。结论 在肾移植患者术后,肺孢子菌肺炎的发病率随着CD4细胞计数的减少而上升,但CD4细胞计数与疾病预后没有明显关联。     

Selenium substituted axitinib reduces axitinib side effects and maintains its anti-renal tumor activity

Axitinib is a potent vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) inhibitor, which has a strong inhibitory effect on the three isoforms of VEGFR 1–3. Having strong therapeutic efficacy, its broad use is limited by its side effects such as hypertension, proteinuria, cardiovascular damage, and liver and kidney dysfunction. Selenium compounds are broadly reported to have a good protective effect on cardiovascular disease, inflammation, infection, and immune function. In this study, a selenium substitute of axitinib was synthesized, and its anti-renal cell carcinoma activity and side effects were investigated. The results of the study indicated that Se-axitinib had potent antitumor activity on renal cell carcinoma (RCC), alleviated vascular hyperpermeability, and also alleviated axitinib-related side effects including hypertension, liver dysfunction and kidney dysfunction significantly. Therefore, we suggest that Se-axitinib could be a solution to the severe side effects of VEGFR inhibitors and provide evidence to improve the outcome of RCC treatment.

Se-axitinib is a selenium substitution of sulfur in axitinib, which reduced the side effect of VEGFR inhibitors and maintained the potent anticancer activity of the original drug.     

血清C反应蛋白与脑梗死及脑梗死合并糖尿病预后的研究

目的观察脑梗死及脑梗死合并糖尿病患者血清C反应蛋白(CRP)水平变化与病情轻重及预后的关系。方法检测患者组160例,其中伴发糖尿病者52例,正常对照组60人血清CRP水平,按脑卒中患者临床神经功能缺损程度评分(NDS)标准对患者进行评分。结果脑梗死组血清CRP水平明显高于对照组(P<0.01),糖尿病合并脑梗死组明显高于无糖尿病脑梗死组(P<0.01),血清CRP升高的患者功能改善明显低于CRP正常的患者(P<0.01)。结论血清CRP水平的升高是脑梗死患者不良愈后的有用的指标,糖尿病合并脑梗死患者血清CRP水平升高更明显。     

卵巢癌患者淋巴结转移的超声造影定量参数评估及其与疗效的关系

目的 探究卵巢癌患者淋巴结转移的超声造影定量参数评估及其与治疗效果的关系。方法 回顾性分析黄河三门峡医院2019年2月至2021年2月收治的137例卵巢癌患者的临床资料。依据患者是否出现淋巴结转移分为转移组（76例）与未转移组（61例）,比较2组患者的超声造影定量参数,并通过受试者工作特征曲线（receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC）分析不同的超声造影定量参数对患者是否发生淋巴结转移的诊断价值;对转移组患者采取4个周期的新辅助放化疗,依据治疗结果分为有效组（55例）与无效组（21例）,对比分析2个亚组患者的超声造影定量参数与临床疗效的关系。结果（1）转移组患者的基础强度（12.79±1.93）dB低于未转移组（14.70±2.51）dB、达峰时间（28.34±2.86）s长于未转移组（26.98±3.27）s,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;(2)基础强度、达峰时间对卵巢癌患者淋巴结转移诊断的ROC曲线下面积（area under curve,AUC）依次为0.730、0.627,敏感度依次为90.8%、92.1%,特异度依次为4...     

PXR activation impairs hepatic glucose metabolism partly via inhibiting the HNF4α–GLUT2 pathway

Drug-induced hyperglycemia/diabetes is a global issue. Some drugs induce hyperglycemia by activating the pregnane X receptor (PXR), but the mechanism is unclear. Here, we report that PXR activation induces hyperglycemia by impairing hepatic glucose metabolism due to inhibition of the hepatocyte nuclear factor 4-alpha (HNF4α)‒glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) pathway. The PXR agonists atorvastatin and rifampicin significantly downregulated GLUT2 and HNF4α expression, and impaired glucose uptake and utilization in HepG2 cells. Overexpression of PXR downregulated GLUT2 and HNF4α expression, while silencing PXR upregulated HNF4α and GLUT2 expression. Silencing HNF4α decreased GLUT2 expression, while overexpressing HNF4α increased GLUT2 expression and glucose uptake. Silencing PXR or overexpressing HNF4α reversed the atorvastatin-induced decrease in GLUT2 expression and glucose uptake. In human primary hepatocytes, atorvastatin downregulated GLUT2 and HNF4α mRNA expression, which could be attenuated by silencing PXR. Silencing HNF4α downregulated GLUT2 mRNA expression. These findings were reproduced with mouse primary hepatocytes. Hnf4α plasmid increased Slc2a2 promoter activity. Hnf4α silencing or pregnenolone-16α-carbonitrile (PCN) suppressed the Slc2a2 promoter activity by decreasing HNF4α recruitment to the Slc2a2 promoter. Liver-specific Hnf4α deletion and PCN impaired glucose tolerance and hepatic glucose uptake, and decreased the expression of hepatic HNF4α and GLUT2. In conclusion, PXR activation impaired hepatic glucose metabolism partly by inhibiting the HNF4α‒GLUT2 pathway. These results highlight the molecular mechanisms by which PXR activators induce hyperglycemia/diabetes.Key words: Pregnane X receptor, Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4-alpha, Glucose transporter 2, Hepatic glucose uptake, Diabetes, Drug-induced hyperglycemia     

Gastroduodenal intussusception caused by gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumor in adults: a case report and literature review

Intussusception mostly occurs in childhood and is rare in adults. Although intussusception can occur in any part of the gastrointestinal tract, gastroduodenal intussusception caused by a gastric tumor is relatively uncommon in clinical practice. A PubMed search identified 24 published cases of gastroduodenal intussusception caused by gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST); however, it is possible that we missed other cases not included in PubMed. Here we report a case of gastroduodenal intussusception caused by gastric GIST in an 85-year-old man. He came to the hospital because of recurrent black stools. Plain computed tomography (CT) scan indicated a mass in the gastric antrum, with slight enhancement in the arterial phase on enhanced CT scan. He was diagnosed with GIST. In addition, images indicated that the mass overlapped into the duodenum, and gastroduodenal intussusception was thus considered. Gastroscopy showed a huge mass in the gastric body. According to the gastroscopy and CT results, gastroduodenal intussusception caused by a gastric tumor was considered. The patient underwent complete surgical removal, which revealed a mass originating from the gastric antrum and overlapping into the duodenum. The postoperative pathological diagnosis was intermediate-risk gastric GIST. The patient was followed up for 4 months without tumor recurrence.     

肝脏血管周上皮样细胞肿瘤的临床及影像学特征

回顾性分析4例经病理证实的肝脏血管周上皮样细胞肿瘤(PEComa)患者影像资料,总结其影像特点并复习相关文献。4例患者均为体检发现,无乙肝病史。3例患者病变密度/信号均匀,1例病变密度/信号混杂,内见脂肪密度/信号。4例患者病变动脉期明显强化,2例包膜样延迟强化,3例强化特点呈快进快出。肝脏PEComa动脉期均为明显强...     

男男性行为者艾滋病暴露前预防用药性行为去抑制化情况

目的：了解男男性行为者（men who have sex with men,MSM）在参加暴露前预防用药（pre-exposure prophylaxis,PrEP）临床试验中是否存在性行为去抑制化现象及其影响因素。方法：采用非概率抽样法招募并筛选出108名MSM,随机分为77名服用药物组和31名空白对照组,第12、24、36、48周进行临床随访和问卷调查,问卷调查主要包括社会人口学特征,艾滋病相关知识、态度和行为等相关情况。采用单因素和多因素的广义估计方程分析MSM在参与PrEP中是否存在性行为去抑制化现象及其影响因素。结果：药物服用组MSM在参与PrEP的第12、24、36、48周的性伴个数中位数分别为1（0,6）、1（0,6）、1（0,10）、1（0,3）、1（0,3）,高危性行为次数中位数分别为1（0,26）、1.5（0,8）、1（0,12）、1（0,9）、2（0,30）;空白对照组性伴个数中位数分别为1（0,21）、1（0,2）、1（0,3）、1（0,3）、1（0,3）,高危性行为次数中位数分别为1（0,9）、1（0,6）、0.5（0,15）、0（0,10）、1（0,10）;多因素广义估计方程分析发现MSM在参与PrEP过程中性伴个数及高危性行为次数均没有发生改变（Z=-0.24,P=0.811;Z=0.93,P=0.355）,性行为方式为“1”和“0.5”的较性行为方式为“0”的拥有更多的性伴（Z=2.47,P=0.014;Z=2.24,P=0.025）;发生过商业性行为的MSM较没有发生过的拥有较少的性伴和高危性行为（Z=-2.82,P=0.005;Z=-2.28,P=0.023）;已婚较离异MSM发生较少的高危性行为次数（Z=-2.34,P=0.019）。结论：本研究中暂未发现PrEP中存在性行为去抑制化现象,性行为方式为“1”和“0.5”的MSM拥有较多性伴,是后期随访中的重点管理人群。还需进一步加强对艾滋病相关知识的科普。     

以前胡为例,探讨中药活性成分研究的思路与方法

前胡为中国药典收载的常用中药，我们在对其化学成分和生物活性深入系统研究的过程中，逐渐形成了对中药活性成分研究思路和方法的认识。本文主要结合我们长期的研究工作，综述了1993年后中药前胡在化学成分、质量标准、资源开发、有效成分的结构修饰与全合成以及药理活性方面的研究近况，其主要目的是介绍如何以前胡活性成分研究为基础，全面提高中药前胡的研究水平，并为新药开发奠定基础。对前胡的研究已初步建立起了活性成分的现代化研究模式，期望其研究思路与方法能为其它中药活性成分的研究提供参考。     

昆虫在医药保健品中的开发现状与前景

世界上的昆虫约有100多万种,有500余种可以食用。据专家们预测,到21世纪,昆虫将成为仅次于微生物和细胞生物的第三大类蛋白质来源,因为昆虫种类多,数量大,分布广,繁殖快,高蛋白,低脂肪,低胆固醇,营养结构合理,肉质纤维少。又易于吸收,并优于植物蛋白,为世界各国所关注。1 已投放市场的昆虫医药、滋补保健品 药品方面近年已完成药理、毒理和临床疗效研究,通过国家药政管理部门严格审查并获得药品生产批准文号,投入批量生产的昆虫类医药新产品主要有:①金水宝胶囊;②宁心宝胶囊;③百龄胶囊。以上3种药品均是利用冬虫夏草头孢霉种发酵生产的。其中“百龄胶囊”1993年获得我国建国以来唯一的中药国家级新药称号;④蚂蚁乙肝宁片剂,是利用拟黑多刺