A Case Report of Inflammatory Pseudosarcoma of the Urinary Bladder

A case of inflammatory pseudosarcoma of the urinary bladder in a 35 year-old Japanese male is presented. This benign lesion can easily be mistaken for spindle cell sarcoma since it consists of rhabdomyoblast like elongated strap cells showing infiltrative growth, and whether it is benign or malignant is difficult to determine by microscopic examination. In this case, spindle cell proliferation extended among bundles of the superficial muscle layer. However, no abnormal mitoses, severe nuclear atypia or cellular pleomorphism could be seen, thus indicating inflammatory pseudosarcoma. Although the lesion was not completely resected, no recurrent disease has been clinically observed for two years following transurethral resection. Urologists and surgical pathologists must be able to detect this lesion in order to avoid unnecessary surgical procedures. Acta Pathol Jpn 42: 760 765,1992.     

The Protective Role of Glutathione, Cysteine and Vitamin C against Oxidative DNA Damage Induced in Rat Kidney by Potassium Bromate

The roles of glutathione (GSH), cysteine, vitamin C., liposome-encapsulated superoxide dismutase (L-SOD) and vitamin E in preventing oxidative DNA damage and cytotoxicity in the rat kidney after administration of potassium bromate (KBrO₃) to male F344 rats were investigated by measuring 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG), an oxidative DNA product, lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels and relative kidney weight (RKW). Combined pre- and posttreatment of animals with 2 × 800 mg/kg GSH i.p. inhibited the increase of 8-OH-dG, LPO levels and RKW caused by 80 mg/kg KBrO₃ i.p. administration. In contrast, pretreatment with 0.3 ml/kg diethylmaleate (DEM) i.p., a depletor of tissue GSH, was associated with elevation of 8-OH-dG, LPO levels and RKW after a 20 mg/kg KBrO₃ i.p. treatment, which itself caused no change. Administration of KBrO₃ itself reduced renal non-protein thiol levels, but this was inhibited by the two doses of exogenous GSH. Combined treatment with DEM and KBrO₃ lowered the non-protein thiol level in the kidney more than did DEM treatment alone. Protective effects against the oxidative damage caused by KBrO₃ were also observed for pre- and posttreatment with 400 mg/kg cysteine i.p., another sulfhydryl compound, and daily i.g. application of 200 mg/kg vitamin C for 5 days. However, no influence was evident after pre- and posttreatment with 18,000 U/kg L-SOD i.p. or daily i.g. 100 mg/kg of vitamin E for 5 days. The results suggest that intracellular GSH plays an essential protective role against renal oxidative DNA damage and nephrotoxicity caused by KBrO₃.     

CT findings in panacinar emphysema]

We analyzed the CT images (in vivo) of 5 lobes (right middle lobe, 1; left lower lobe, 1; right lower lobe, 3) with panacinar emphysema (PAE) obtained at autopsy or thoracotomy for solitary lung tumor. The lobes were inflation-fixed by the method of Heitzman and sliced axially for a CT-pathologic correlative study. One lobe with mild PAE had normal appearance on CT; however, the other four lobes with PAE demonstrated low-attenuation areas (LAAs) of various shapes and sizes on CT. LAAs were locally distributed on CT slices in one lobe, dominant in the inner zones in two lobes, and diffuse in one lobe. Relatively normal to diminished vasculature was observed within the LAAs of four lobes. These CT findings differed significantly from those of centriacinar emphysema (CAE) as reported in other studies. We conclude that CT is useful in the clinical diagnosis of PAE and its differentiation from CAE.     

Long-term results of open reduction for residual subluxation in congenital dislocation of the hip: A new open reduction method involving 360° circumferential capsulotomy

We report satisfactory results with a new operative treatment, conducted via an extensive anterolateral approach, involving 360 degree circumferential capsulotomy, for residual subluxation in congenital dislocation of the hip (CDH). Long-term radiographic results of this procedure (group A) were compared retrospectively with the results of partial capsulotomy (group B), which preserved the posteroinferior joint capsule. The mean center edge angle in group A (22.5°) was greater than that in group B (16.0°). Satisfactory results were achieved in 11 of 15 hips (73%) (Severin class I or II) in group A, and in 5 of 12 hips (42%) in group B. These results suggest that whole circumferential capsulotomy can remove obstacles to complete reduction, and that acetabular development can be expected in hips reduced by the procedure, without the performance of innominate osteotomy. We believe that our technique is a useful alternative for the treatment of residual subluxation in CDH.     

Effect of 1α-hydroxyvitamin D3 on bone metabolic disorders in gastrectomized rats

The effect of 1α-hydroxyvitamin D₃ (1α(OH)D₃) on the metabolic bone disorders developed in gastrectomized rats were investigated biochemically and histomorphologically. 1α(OH)D₃ was suspended in 0.2 % Triton-X-100 aqueous solution after dissolving in a very small amount of ethanol, was given orally to the rats for 10 weeks. The sham operated animals and the gastrectomy control animals received the vehicle alone. Gastrectomy was followed by the development of the metabolic bone disorders after 10 weeks of observation. This was characterized by reduction in ash content of the femur and histologically by a disappearance of the trabecular bone in tibial metaphysis. Decrease Ca absorption from the intestines was demonstrated by a radiotracer technique. Biochemical studies showed significant decreases in serum 25(OH)D concentration in gastrectomized rats. These findings suggest that gastrectomy partially impairs intestinal absorption of calcium and results in a negative calcium balance, which may contribute to the development of bone metabolic disorders in rats. The administration of 1α(OH)D₃ increased dose-dependently serum calcium and Ca absorption from the intestine and prevented the development of bone metabolic disorders histomorphologically.     

Jejunal carcinoma with adenoma —Report of a case and review of the Japanese literature—

A rare case of jejunal carcinoma coexisting with adenoma, situated 120 cm distal to the ligament of Treitz in a 53 year old male, is reported herein. We also review cases of adenoma and carcinoma in the jejunum and ileum from the Japanese literature, and discuss the histogenesis of carcinoma of the jejunum and ileum.     

Reduced levels of MMP-2 and TIMP-1 in dyssegmental dysplasia.

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) were measured in a mild case of dyssegmental dysplasia. X-ray pictures of a female baby born vaginally at 39 weeks of gestation showed short, bent, dumbbell-shaped long bones of the limbs and profound dyssegmental ossification in the spine, findings characteristic of dyssegmental dysplasia. When the levels of MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 were measured, the levels of MMP-2 and TIMP-1 were significantly reduced. This case might provide a clue to disclose the etiology of dyssegmental dysplasia.     

The usefulness of CEA as an indicator for early detection and a guide to the treatment of recurrent gastric cancer

The usefulness of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) as an indicator for recurrence and a guide to the treatment was evaluated from a retrospective analysis of 88 patients with recurrent gastric cancer. Sixty-two of these patients (70.5 per cent), 25 of whom had a preoperative positive assay, and 37 a negative assay, had elevated levels of CEA after disease progression. Averaged CEA level in patients with liver metastasis was significantly higher (872 ng/ml) than in those with peritoneal metastasis (68 ng/ml), with lymph node metastasis (103 ng/ml) or with local metastasis (93 ng/ml) (p<0.01). An elevation of CEA was found prior to the clinical manifestation of recurrence, and the average lead time was 4 months. In 25 patients with a lead time of more than 4 months, survival time after CEA elevation was 13.3 months, which was longer than the 6.5 months of 28 patients with less than 4 months. Thirty-seven of the 88 patients were treated after recurrence. The average survival period after the detection of recurrence was 9.4 months in patients with surgical treatments followed by chemotherapy, 5.9 months in those with chemotherapy alone and 3.8 months in those with surgery alone. The average survival period of 26 patients with positive CEA assays in recurrence was 5.1 months longer than of patients with negative assays. This fact suggested that early detection of recurrence followed by various treatments, in the elevated CEA group, contributes to favorable results.