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101.
Sustained increased consumption of cigarettes, alcohol, and marijuana among Manhattan residents after september 11, 2001 下载免费PDF全文
Vlahov D Galea S Ahern J Resnick H Kilpatrick D 《American journal of public health》2004,94(2):253-254
We compared reports of increased substance use in Manhattan 1 and 6 months after the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks. Data from 2 random-digit-dial surveys conducted 1 and 6 months after September 11 showed that 30.8% and 27.3% of respondents, respectively, reported increased use of cigarettes, alcohol, or marijuana. These sustained increases in substance use following the September 11 terrorist attacks suggest potential long-term health consequences as a result of disasters. 相似文献
102.
Vinton A Carino J Vogrin S Macgregor L Kilpatrick C Matkovic Z O'Brien TJ 《Epilepsia》2004,45(11):1344-1350
PURPOSE: Approximately 30% of patients admitted for video-EEG monitoring have psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES). Differentiation of "convulsive" PNES from convulsive seizures can be difficult. The EEG often displays rhythmic movement artifact that may resemble seizure activity and confound the interpretation. We sought to determine whether time-frequency mapping of the rhythmic EEG artifact during "convulsive" PNES reveals a pattern that differs from that of epileptic seizures. METHODS: EEGs from 15 consecutive patients with "convulsive" PNESs were studied with time-frequency mapping by using NEUROSCAN and compared with 15 patients with convulsive epileptic seizures. Fast Fourier transforms (FFTs) were performed to determine the dominant frequency for 1- to 2-s windows every 2 s through the seizures. RESULTS: The dominant frequency remained stable within a narrow range for the duration of the PNES, whereas in the epileptic seizures, it evolved through a wide range. The coefficient of variation of the frequency during the seizures was considerably less for patients without epilepsy (median, 15.0%; range, 7.2-23.7% vs. median, 58.0%; range, 34.8-92.1%; p < 0.001). The median frequency did not differ significantly between groups (4.2 vs. 4.6 Hz; p = 0.290). CONCLUSIONS: "Convulsive" PNES display a characteristic pattern on time-frequency mapping of the EEG artifact, with a stable, nonevolving frequency that is different from the evolving pattern seen during an epileptic seizure. 相似文献
103.
Correlates of adolescent reports of sexual assault: findings from the National Survey of Adolescents
Hanson RF Kievit LW Saunders BE Smith DW Kilpatrick DG Resnick HS Ruggiero KJ 《Child maltreatment》2003,8(4):261-272
This study examines how key demographic variables and specific child sexual assault (CSA) incident characteristics were related to whether adolescents reported that they had told anyone about an alleged sexual assault. The study also investigates whether there were differences in the correlates of CSA disclosure as a function of gender and race/ethnicity. A national household probability sample of 4,023 adolescents was interviewed by telephone about childhood experiences, including CSA history. Significant gender and racial/ethnic differences were obtained in rates of CSA disclosure: Sexually abused boys and African American youth were less likely to report telling anyone they had been sexually abused. Separate regression models examining correlates of CSA disclosure yielded differences as a function of gender and race/ethnicity. 相似文献
104.
The role of the basolateral amygdala (BLA) in the consolidation of an association between an olfactory stimulus and footshock was investigated with a reversible lesion technique of post-training intra-BLA infusions of tetrodotoxin. Rats receiving tetrodotoxin infusions following paired odor-shock presentations spent more time near the odor, and reacted differently on contact with the odor when tested 24 hr after training, than did rats receiving paired presentations and saline infusions, but they did not differ from rats receiving unpaired presentations and saline infusions. The results indicate that the BLA plays a similar role in influencing consolidation of olfactory-based memory as it does for memory based on other modalities. Thus, these findings strengthen the view that the BLA plays a general role in modulation of memory storage for emotionally arousing events. 相似文献
105.
Grimwood K Huang QS Sadleir LG Nix WA Kilpatrick DR Oberste MS Pallansch MA 《Journal of clinical microbiology》2003,41(5):2230-2232
During a community echovirus type 33 outbreak, the virus was detected in the feces and cerebrospinal fluid of a 3-year-old boy with right arm weakness that followed a mild nonspecific febrile illness. This is the first time an association between echovirus type 33 infection and acute flaccid paralysis has been reported. 相似文献
106.
The principal vector for the pathogens of Lyme disease, human granulocytic ehrlichiosis, and human babesiosis is the tick Ixodes scapularis Say. A chalcid wasp, Ixodiphagus hookeri, in the family Encyrtidae parasitizes populations of the tick on several islands or other geographically isolated sites in New England with high densities of these ticks and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), the principal host for adult I. scapularis. Deer densities were reduced at a forested tract in Bridgeport and the Bluff Point Coastal Reserve in Groton, Connecticut, from levels exceeding 90 animals per km2 in 1992 (Bridgeport) and 1994 (Bluff Point) to 17 and 10 animals per km2, respectively, by fall 2001. Tick densities declined with sustained reductions in the population of white-tailed deer. Similarly, prevalence of tick parasitism by Ixodes hookeri declined at both sites from 30 to 25% to <1.0% and was significantly correlated with previous year's deer density at both sites (r(s) = 0.933 and r(s) = 0.867, P < or = 0.0001) and with nymphal tick densities at Bridgeport (r(s) = 0.867, P < or = 0.0001), but was not as well correlated with tick densities in Groton. The virtual disappearance of I. hookeri in this study corresponds with a lack of I. hookeri in mainland I. scapularis at comparable deer and tick densities, suggesting that there is a threshold deer density of approximatley 10-20/km2, with corresponding tick densities necessary for I. hookeri to successfully parasitize I. scapularis. 相似文献
107.
108.
Mannan-binding lectin and its role in innate immunity 总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16
Kilpatrick DC 《Transfusion medicine (Oxford, England)》2002,12(6):335-352
Mannan-binding lectin (MBL) is a plasma collectin (C-type lectin with a collagen-like domain) and is considered an important component of innate immunity. Circulating MBL is genetically determined for the major part, but plasma concentration is also markedly influenced by nongenetic factors. The carbohydrate-binding ability of MBL can be inhibited by simple sugars like mannose, fucose and N-acetylglucosamine, but its greatest avidity appears to be for repeating mannose-based structural patterns typical of microbial surfaces. By this means, MBL can bind to a wide variety of bacteria and other microbes, neutralizing them and/or opsonizing them by activating complement using the recently discovered lectin pathway of complement activation. Individual humans differ 1000-fold in MBL concentration, and individuals with low circulating MBL appear to be more vulnerable to infections in a number of clinical settings, especially when combined with secondary immune deficiency. The best evidence that MBL deficiency or insufficiency is physiologically relevant comes from a rapidly expanding literature of clinical studies. MBL insufficiency appears to be a significant risk factor for infections in infants, and for individuals of any age undergoing chemotherapy or post-transplant immunosuppression. Moreover, MBL appears to have a significant influence on the course of certain chronic diseases like rheumatoid arthritis and cystic fibrosis. Replacement therapy with a plasma-derived product is safe and seems promising, while recombinant MBL provides hope for large-scale therapeutic applications. Randomized clinical trials of MBL therapy, which are now on the horizon, should provide unambiguous evidence for the physiological significance of MBL in innate immunity. 相似文献
109.
Yamreudeewong W Lower DL Kilpatrick DM Enlow AM Burrows MM Greenwood MC 《Pharmacotherapy》2003,23(3):333-338
STUDY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of levofloxacin coadministration on the international normalized ratio (INR) in patients receiving warfarin therapy. DESIGN: Prospective analysis. SETTING: Outpatient clinic at a Veterans Affairs medical center. PATIENTS: Eighteen adult patients receiving warfarin. INTERVENTION: On the basis of clinical diagnosis and judgment, levofloxacin was prescribed to the 18 patients for treatment of various types of infection. The INR was measured before and at 2-8-day intervals after the coadministration of levofloxacin therapy, and once after completing therapy. Warfarin dosages were adjusted when necessary. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Warfarin dosages were changed in seven patients as a result of the first nontherapeutic INR values obtained after start of levofloxacin therapy. Owing to a concern regarding noncompliance and the adverse effect of bleeding, warfarin dosage was adjusted in one patient even though his first INR value was in the high end of the therapeutic range (2.98, therapeutic range 2-3). One patient withdrew from the study after the first INR measurement after levofloxacin coadministration. Because of a concern about the possible bleeding complication, warfarin dosage was also adjusted in this patient after obtaining his first INR value. Therefore, only the INR values obtained before and the first INR values obtained after levofloxacin administration were compared to evaluate the effect of levofloxacin on INR determination of warfarin therapy. The INR values obtained before levofloxacin administration did not differ significantly from the first INR values obtained after levofloxacin coadministration (mean +/- SD 2.61 +/- 0.44 vs 2.74 +/- 0.83, 95% confidence interval -0.449-0.196, p=0.419). CONCLUSION: The INR values measured before and after concomitant levofloxacin therapy were not significantly different. However, the ability to detect a significant difference may be affected by the small number of patients studied. Further studies with a larger sample are required to better determine the effect of levofloxacin coadministration on INR monitoring during warfarin therapy 相似文献
110.
Motor performance and anatomic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the basal ganglia in autism 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
This study was conducted to examine the volume of the basal ganglia in individuals with autism and to evaluate whether performance on specific motor tasks correlated with the volume of these structures. Volumetric measurements of the caudate nucleus and putamen were obtained from magnetic resonance images (MRI) of 40 non-mentally retarded individuals with autism and 41 healthy controls. Motor performance was assessed in these subjects by using the Finger Tapping Test, the Grooved Pegboard Test, and the measurement of Grip Strength. No volumetric differences of the basal ganglia were found between the two groups after adjusting for brain volume. The autistic subjects' performance was slower on the Grooved Pegboard Test and weaker on Grip Strength. Our findings suggest that the motor deficits observed in autism may not be related to structural abnormalities of the basal ganglia, and other brain regions, such as the cerebellum and the frontal lobe, may be involved in the pathophysiology of motor disturbances in autism. 相似文献