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281.
Guna SD Moses Michael D Jensen Lih-Fen Lue Douglas G Walker Albert Y Sun Agnes Simonyi Grace Y Sun 《Journal of neuroinflammation》2006,3(1):28-11
Secretory phospholipase A2-IIA (sPLA2-IIA) is an inflammatory protein known to play a role in the pathogenesis of many inflammatory diseases. Although this enzyme
has also been implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, there has not been a direct demonstration of its
expression in diseased human brain. In this study, we show that sPLA2-IIA mRNA is up-regulated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains as compared to non-demented elderly brains (ND). We also report
a higher percentage of sPLA2-IIA-immunoreactive astrocytes present in AD hippocampus and inferior temporal gyrus (ITG). In ITG, the majority of sPLA2-IIA-positive astrocytes were associated with amyloid β (Aβ)-containing plaques. Studies with human astrocytes in culture
demonstrated the ability of oligomeric Aβ1–42 and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) to induce sPLA2-IIA mRNA expression, indicating that this gene is among those induced by inflammatory cytokines. Since exogenous sPLA2-IIA has been shown to cause neuronal injury, understanding the mechanism(s) and physiological consequences of sPLA2-IIA upregulation in AD brain may facilitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies to inhibit the inflammatory responses
and to retard the progression of the disease. 相似文献
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284.
Purpose: To examine the effects of phoneme-grapheme correspondence and phonemic awareness instruction on the encoding abilities of three pre-reading children with severe speech impairment (SSI). Method: Using a single subject multiple baseline design across behaviours and participants, children received phoneme-grapheme awareness instruction followed by instruction in segmenting, manipulating, and encoding consonant-vowel-consonant (CVC) pseudowords. Results: Generalization occurred to encoding of novel CVC pseudo- and real words for two of the three participants. Conclusions: Results suggest that phoneme-grapheme correspondence and phonemic awareness instruction is effective in developing encoding skills in children with SSI. Findings are consistent with those for other at-risk children. 相似文献
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286.
Spontaneous reduction of intussusception: verification with US 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
287.
288.
Walker MC; Howard RS; Smith SJ; Miller DH; Shorvon SD; Hirsch NP 《QJM : monthly journal of the Association of Physicians》1996,89(12):913-920
Status epilepticus refractory to first-line therapy is associated with a
high morbidity and mortality. Correct diagnosis and adequate treatment of
this condition require electrographic monitoring and anaesthetic facilities
available in specialist intensive care units (ICUs). We carried out an
audit of 26 patients admitted to a neurological ICU with a diagnosis of
status epilepticus, to identify deficiencies in diagnosis and management
prior to transfer to the ICU, and examine the effectiveness of ICU
management. Or transfer, only 14 (54%) were in status epilepticus; six were
in drug-induced coma or were encephalopathic, and six had pseudostatus
epilepticus, of whom four had been intubated. The commonest treatments
prior to transfer were benzodiazepines, chlormethiazole and phenytoin; the
loading dose of phenytoin was adequate in at least 7/16 cases. All those in
status epilepticus on transfer had their seizures successfully controlled,
but ten required general anaesthesia with thiopentone, propofol, ketamine
or midazolam. Two died--one had a severe encephalitis and the other had had
a cardiac arrest prior to treatment. This study highlights deficiencies in
the initial diagnosis and management of status epilepticus, the role of
specialist neurological intensive care, and the importance of early
referral.
相似文献
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290.
Human platelet concentrates were stored in polyolefin bags at 22 to 24 degrees C on a horizontal shaker for up to 8 days. At different intervals, aliquots of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) were removed aseptically and five variables, i.e., platelet counts, morphology, platelet-activating factor (PAF)-stimulated aggregation, phosphoinositide turnover, and [3H]PAF binding to platelet receptors, were studied. The number of platelets did not change during the 8 days of storage. Scanning electron microscopy of the platelets revealed a gradual morphologic change from biconcave flat discs to irregular, crenated forms. The PAF-induced aggregation of platelets declined with time of storage. A decrease to 50 percent of the Day 1 aggregatory response to PAF was evident on Day 2, and there was a further decline to about 20 percent by Day 6. Similarly, PAF receptor-coupled phosphoinositide turnover, as monitored by 32P incorporation into individual phosphoinositides, decreased dramatically with storage. After 2 to 3 days of storage, the phosphoinositide turnover was reduced to 50 percent of the original response, and it continued to decline to about 25 percent of original response by Day 5 or 6. The binding of [3H]PAF to washed human platelets indicated subtle changes between Days 2 and 4, which became more noticeable by Day 6. These results have raised the possibility of changes in the number of the receptors and/or their affinity for the ligand during storage. We conclude that although the number of platelets was maintained during storage for 8 days, a general deterioration of their responses to PAF occurred at the levels of cell surface receptor, transmembrane signaling (phosphoinositide turnover), and response (aggregation). 相似文献