血液灌流对尿毒症透析患者血浆内皮素、一氧化氮、血管紧张素Ⅱ、肾素活性的影响及临床改善

目的探讨血液灌流对血管活性物质的影响及临床改善。方法选30例维持性血液透析患者，采用自身对照法，行血液透析（HD）串联血液灌流（HP）治疗设为HD＋HP组，行常规血透设为HD组。分别测定两种治疗前后的血浆内皮素（ET）、一氧化氮（NO）、血管紧张素Ⅱ（ATⅡ）、肾素活性（PRA）水平。观察灌流后患者高血压改善情况。结果1）HD＋HP组治疗后PRA升高（P〈0．05）；ET、NO均显著下降（P〈0．01）；ATⅡ稍有下降，但无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。2）HD组治疗后PRA、ATⅡ均显著升高（P〈0．01）；而NO显著下降（P〈0．01）；ET略微下降，但无显著差异（P〉0．05）。结论常规血透可以引起PRA、ATⅡ缩血管物质的水平升高，起扩张血管作用的NO下降，与患者透析后血压升高有一定联系。而行HD＋HP治疗可降低ET、ATⅡ水平，且NO下降程度相对小，故能改善透析后高血压情况，减少并发症。     

我国基本药物生产流通使用中存在问题和成因分析

描述我国药品生产、流通和使用等各个环节中存在的问题，从政策层面上揭示了基本药物可获得性低的原因，提出政府应系统考虑基本药物目录范围、基本药物生产、供应、使用和价格等各个方面，形成国家基本药物政策，从制度上确保公众对基本药物的可获得性。     

内蒙古自治区智力残疾现患率调查及病因分析

目的:了解内蒙古自治区智力残疾(mental retardation.MR)的现患率及其分布特点,分析其主要致残原因构成特点,探讨预防治疗措施。方法:采用概率比例、多阶段分层整群抽样方法进行现况调查及病例对照研究,根据年龄分别使用丹佛发育筛查测验及《7岁以上人群残疾筛查问卷》筛查,分别使用Gesell发育诊断量表及韦氏儿童智力量表简式(WISC-CR),韦氏成人智力量表简式(WAIS-RC)进行智力诊断,采用SPSS11.0软件对数据进行统计分析。结果:①内蒙古自治区智力残疾患者的现患率为4.95‰,男性MR现患率高于女性(χ2=6.28,df=1,P<0.05),农村MR的现患率明显高于城市(χ2=60.035,df=1,P<0.01)。②内蒙古自治区智力残疾致残原因以疾病(29.26%)和遗传因素(23.79%)为主。③在18岁之前(智力发育期)发现智力残疾的占74.53%,且以0~3岁发现智力残疾的人数比例最高(48.84%)。结论:智力残疾的防治重点应在农村,预防应以疾病(主要包括脑疾病、内分泌障碍、惊厥性疾病)及遗传因素为主。强调早期发现、早期干预。     

个体化前臂皮瓣Ⅰ期修复口腔颌面部软组织缺损

 目的探讨个体化前臂皮瓣修复口腔颌面部软组织缺损的可行性,并评价其疗效。方法对32例口腔颌面部软组织缺损的病例根据缺损的部位及形态设计前臂皮瓣,分析皮瓣成活情况及术后皮瓣修复效果。结果32例皮瓣全部成活,成功率100%。本组随访6~36个月,口腔颌面部功能及外形恢复好。结论个体化设计的前臂皮瓣对颌面组织缺损Ⅰ期重建,安全可靠,制备简单,是修复口腔颌面软组织缺损的理想方法,可明显提高患者的生存质量。     

State of the autonomic nervous system in children with disorders of the motor-evacuatory function of the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract

The suprasegmental and segmental parts of the vegetative nervous system were examined in children with duodenogastric and gastroesophageal refluxes. The relationship between dysfunction of the vegetative nervous system and the occurrence of motor disorders in the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract is suggested.     

Spinal pelvic reconstruction after total sacrectomy for en bloc resection of a giant sacral chordoma. Technical note

Although radical resection prolongs the disease-free survival period, surgical management of primary sacral tumors is challenging because of their location and often large size. Moreover, in cases of lesions for which a radical resection necessitates total sacrectomy, reconstruction is required. The authors have previously described a modified Galveston technique in which a liaison between the spine and pelvis is achieved using lumbar pedicle screws and Galveston rods embedded into the ilia; additionally, a transiliac bar reestablishes the pelvic ring. Although this reconstruction technique achieves stabilization, several biomechanical limitations exist. In the present report the authors present the case of a patient who underwent spinal pelvic reconstruction after a total sacrectomy was performed to remove a giant sacral chordoma. They describe a novel spinal pelvic reconstruction technique that addresses some of the biomechanical limitations.     

5/6肾切除大鼠早期模型中p38MAPK的动态变化

目的：研究5/6肾切除大鼠模型中p38MAPK磷酸化的动态表达情况。方法：82只雄性SD大鼠分为两组：5/6肾切除模型组72只,假手术对照组10只。模型组造模完成后,分别于肾切除早期（术后1/2h、1h、3h、6h、12h、1d、2d、4d）相应时间点处死,每组9只,假手术组于术后12h处死,称量各组体重及残余肾重,计算肥大指数;下腔静脉取血留取血清测定血肌酐（Scr）、尿素氮（BUN）;以Western blotting免疫印迹法检测肾皮质磷酸化p38MAPK活性的表达情况;以病理光镜和电镜观察肾小球、肾小管及肾间质组织形态学及超微结构的变化。结果：模型组与对照组相比,肾脏呈代偿性肥大,肥大指数增高（P〈0.05）,Scr和BUN升高（P均〈0.01）。免疫印迹法显示5/6肾切除术后1/2h、1h、3h、6h、12h磷酸化p38信号呈递增趋势,尤以12h信号最强,之后信号减弱,2d时几乎不可见,4d有较弱的信号,假手术组未见明显信号。光镜下,发现肾小球有轻度系膜细胞增生,基质增宽不明显,肾小管偶有轻度变性,间质偶有炎性细胞浸润。电镜下,偶见足突局灶融合。结论：5/6肾切除大鼠在造模完成后12h时磷酸化p38MAPK表达最强。     

A simple and economical method for the manual construction of frozen tissue arrays

Tsao S‐C, Wu C‐C, Wen C‐H, Huang Y‐C, Chai C‐Y. A simple and economical method for the manual construction of frozen tissue arrays. APMIS 2010; 118: 739–43. Tissue microarray has been developed to enable multiple cores of tissue in one or more new paraffin blocks. Currently, almost all tissue microarrays are made by coring cylindrical tissues from formalin‐fixed and paraffin‐embedded tissues. The disadvantages of formalin‐fixed and paraffin‐embedded tissues include the poor preservation of antigenicity of certain proteins and mRNA degradation induced by the fixation and embedding process. However, frozen tissue array construction presents technical difficulties, and tissue array devices are expensive, particularly for small‐ and medium‐sized laboratories. We describe a simple manual method for producing well‐aligned tissue arrays by a capsule freeze method that allows us to successfully perform hematoxylin–eosin and immunohistochemical stain. All 120 tissue samples were collected and constructed into blocks by this capsule freeze method. The capsules were not affected during the sectioning process, and the capsule material always disappeared during the aqueous steps of the stain processing. The frozen tissue arrays were smoothly sectioned without the use of a tape transfer system and immunohistochemical study was performed with satisfactory results. This alternative method can be applied in any laboratory, and is both simple and economical.