全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1492篇 |
免费 | 75篇 |
国内免费 | 1篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 9篇 |
儿科学 | 24篇 |
妇产科学 | 8篇 |
基础医学 | 236篇 |
口腔科学 | 22篇 |
临床医学 | 62篇 |
内科学 | 373篇 |
皮肤病学 | 46篇 |
神经病学 | 108篇 |
特种医学 | 39篇 |
外科学 | 296篇 |
综合类 | 4篇 |
一般理论 | 1篇 |
预防医学 | 19篇 |
眼科学 | 11篇 |
药学 | 107篇 |
中国医学 | 1篇 |
肿瘤学 | 202篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 6篇 |
2021年 | 25篇 |
2020年 | 15篇 |
2019年 | 24篇 |
2018年 | 33篇 |
2017年 | 16篇 |
2016年 | 21篇 |
2015年 | 24篇 |
2014年 | 40篇 |
2013年 | 47篇 |
2012年 | 89篇 |
2011年 | 89篇 |
2010年 | 58篇 |
2009年 | 49篇 |
2008年 | 60篇 |
2007年 | 72篇 |
2006年 | 71篇 |
2005年 | 98篇 |
2004年 | 84篇 |
2003年 | 89篇 |
2002年 | 94篇 |
2001年 | 18篇 |
2000年 | 14篇 |
1999年 | 22篇 |
1998年 | 31篇 |
1997年 | 42篇 |
1996年 | 26篇 |
1995年 | 30篇 |
1994年 | 28篇 |
1993年 | 19篇 |
1992年 | 11篇 |
1991年 | 20篇 |
1990年 | 13篇 |
1989年 | 12篇 |
1988年 | 10篇 |
1987年 | 5篇 |
1986年 | 12篇 |
1985年 | 17篇 |
1984年 | 19篇 |
1983年 | 15篇 |
1982年 | 5篇 |
1981年 | 12篇 |
1980年 | 17篇 |
1979年 | 4篇 |
1978年 | 8篇 |
1974年 | 3篇 |
1973年 | 5篇 |
1972年 | 8篇 |
1969年 | 4篇 |
1968年 | 6篇 |
排序方式: 共有1568条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
31.
Suzuki R Miyazaki Y Takagi K Torii K Taniguchi H 《Treatments in respiratory medicine》2004,3(1):17-27
While asthma is an inflammatory disorder of the airways involving mediators released from mast cells and eosinophils, inflammation alone is insufficient to explain the chronic nature of the disease. Recent progress in the understanding of disease pathogenesis has revealed that airway remodeling, which is at least in part due to an excess of extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition in the airway wall, plays a significant role in airflow obstruction. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been suggested to be the major proteolytic enzymes to induce airway remodeling in asthma and COPD. It has been widely accepted that different inflammatory processes are involved in asthma and COPD with different inflammatory cells, mediators, and responses to treatments. Despite these different processes, airflow obstruction and airway remodeling characterize these two diseases. MMP-2 and -9 have been reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of airway remodeling in both diseases and MMP-12, in addition to these MMPs, in the pathogenesis of COPD. In this review, we discuss the current views on the role of MMPs in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma and COPD. Anti-MMP therapy could theoretically be useful to prevent airway remodeling in asthma and COPD. However, to date no clinical data are available regarding the efficacy of anti-MMP therapies in the treatment of patients with asthma and COPD. 相似文献
32.
Tohru Izumi Kazuo Muroi Masa-AKI Takatoku Shigehiko Imagawa Kiyohiko Hatake Yasusanda Miura 《British journal of haematology》1994,88(3):666-666
Summary. We report a case of aplastic anaemia (AA) treated with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) terminating as acute myeloblastic leukaemia (AML). Because of severe pneumonia, 250 μg of G-CSF was administered for 30d to promote neutrophil recovery. Following G-CSF therapy, myeoblasts appeared, and the diagnosis of AML was then made. The myeloblasts proliferated in response to G-CSF in vitro and in vivo. In AA. development of AML, after treatment with G-CSF is rate. Therefore a careful observation for leukaemic transformation is necessary in long-term administration of G-CSF for AA. 相似文献
33.
Trends in Asthma Mortality in Japan 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Yuko Ito Akiko Tamakoshi Kenji Wakai Kenzo Takagi Kenichi Yamaki Yoshiyuki Ohno 《The Journal of asthma》2002,39(7):633-639
Asthma mortality has been increasing in many developed countries in recent years, so we have described the epidemiological features of asthma in Japan. Data on all certified asthma deaths from 1950 to 1997 were obtained from The National Vital Statistics, published annually by the Ministry of Health and Welfare. Trends in crude and age-adjusted asthma mortality rates, as well as age-specific mortality rates, were analyzed. Age and birth cohort effects on mortality rates were also examined using multiplicative models. Between 1950 and 1980, crude asthma mortality rates steadily decreased in both sexes and began to level off thereafter. Age-adjusted mortality rates have also decreased since 1950, and showed a persistent downward trend in both sexes even in recent years. Asthma mortality rates were higher in males than in females during the entire study period. When analysis was restricted to those aged 5 to 34 years, an upward trend since 1980 was observed. The multiplicative model showed a rapidly decreasing cohort effect on mortality among those born after 1860. However, the slope increased in the cohorts born after 1950 in both sexes. The age effect increased linearly with advancing age after 50 years in both sexes. Overall asthma mortality rates have been decreasing during the past five decades in Japan, but the mortality rate has increased among the 5-34-year-old age group since 1980. The high fatality rate stemming from the overuse of beta 2-agonists may account for the mortality increase. 相似文献
34.
Kazuhiro Shirozu Hidekazu Setoguchi Kenzo Araki Taichi Ando Ken Yamaura 《American journal of infection control》2021,49(1):44-49
BackgroundPreviously, we found that an upward air current in the head area, induced by forced air warming (FAW), was completely counteracted by downward laminar airflow. However, this study did not include any consideration of the air-conditioner outlet layout (ACOL); hence, its impact remains unclear.MethodsThis study was performed in 2 operating rooms (ORs)—ISO classes 5 and 6, which are denoted as OR-5 and OR-6, respectively. Both ORs have distinct ACOLs. The cleanliness, or the number or ratio of shifting artificial particles was evaluated.ResultsDuring the first 5 minutes after particles generation, significantly more particles shifted into the surgical field in OR-5 when compared to OR-6 (13,587 [4,341-15,913] and 106 [41-338] particles/cubic foot, P < .0001). Notably, FAW did not increase the number of shifting particles in OR-6. The laminar airflow system fully counteracted the upward airflow caused by FAW in OR-6, where the ACOL covered the operating bed. However, this did not occur in OR-5, where the ACOL did not fully cover the operating bed.ConclusionsRegardless of cleanliness ability of OR, an ACOL that fully covers the operating bed can prevent upward airflow in the head area and reduce the number of artificial particles shifting into the surgical field, which are typically caused by FAW. 相似文献
35.
Kenzo Yasui Takashi Hirai Tomoyuki Kato Takeshi Morimoto Akihito Torii Katsuhiko Uesaka Yasuhiro Kodera Yoshitaka Yamamura Tuyoshi Kito 《Journal of hepato-biliary-pancreatic sciences》1995,2(2):103-107
Sixty-four patients with liver metastases from colorectal cancer were studied to clarify the characteristics of the regional spread of liver metastases (secondary invasive factors) and the effects of major anatomical hepatic resection with lymph node dissection on reducing liver recurrence. No secondary invasive factors, i.e., lymph node metastasis, portal or hepatic vein involvement, bile duct involvement, micrometastasis, and direct invasion, were observed in patients with liver metastases less than 3 cm in diameter (5-year survival rate; 100%). Secondary invasive factors were seen in 19.2% of the patients with liver metastases from 3 cm to less than 6 cm (5-year survival rate; 28.7%), and in 45.2% of those with liver metastases 6 cm and over (5-year survival rate; 14.6%). Secondary invasive factors were noted in 45% of the patients with recurrence in the remmant liver. Although 31% of all 64 patients exhibited secondary invasive factors, major anatomical hepatic resection with lymph node dissection achieved a low liver recurrence rate of 31.3%. In conclusion, considering the risks attributed to secondary invasive factors, major anatomical hepatic resection with lymph node dissection is an appropriate surgical procedure for patients with liver metastases exceeding 3 cm in diameter. 相似文献
36.
Yasuhiro Mizoguchi M.D. Hiroshi Kuboi Hiroko Tsutsui Shuichi Seki Kenzo Kobayashi Sukeo Yamamoto Seiji Morisawa Ikuya Yano 《Journal of gastroenterology》1989,24(5):519-522
When BALB/cAJcl mice are intravenously injected with heat-killedPropionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) followed by an intravenous injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 7 days later, massive necrosis is induced in the liver tissue
and most of the mice die within 24 hours of LPS injection. Using this experimental model, acute hepatic failure was induced
in various strains of mice and the difference in the response was studied. As a result, as in BALB/cAJcl mice, acut hepatic
failure was also induced in BALB/ cAJcl-nu, AKR/J, C3H/HeNJcl, C57BL/6NJcl and DDy mice. However, as an exception, hepatic
cell necrosis was hardly seen and the survival rate was remarkable high in C3H/HeJ mice, which genetically do not respond
to LPS stimulation. These results indicate that for this experimental induction of acute hepatic failure, macrophages must
be activated by the two-step stimulation ofP. acnes and LPS. 相似文献
37.
Fumio Suzuki MD Nobuo Toshida MD Hiroko Nawata MD Naohito Yamamoto MD Kenzo Hirao MD Nobuyuki Miyasaka MD Tokuhiro Kawara MD Kazumasa Hiejima MD Tomoo Harada MD 《Journal of electrocardiology》1998,31(4):345-361
Introduction: Rapid atrial pacing in sinus rhythm may directly induce atrial flutter without provoking intervening atrial fibrillation, or initiate atrial flutter indirectly, by a conversion from an episode of transient atrial fibrillation provoked by rapid atrial pacing. The present study was performed to examine whether or not the direct induction of clockwise or counterclockwise atrial flutter was pacing-site (right or left atrium) dependent. Methods and Results: We analyzed the mode of direct induction of atrial flutter by rapid atrial pacing. In 46 patients with a history of atrial flutter, rapid atrial pacing with 3 to 20 stimuli (cycle LENGTH = 500 − 170 ms) was performed in sinus rhythm to induce atrial flutter from 3 atrial sites, including the high right atrium, the low lateral right atrium, and the proximal coronary sinus, while recording multiple intracardiac electrograms of the atria. Direct induction of atrial flutter by rapid atrial pacing was a rare phenomenon and was documented only 22 times in 15 patients: 3, 11, and 8 times during stimulation, respectively, from the high right atrium, low lateral right atrium, and the proximal coronary sinus. Counterclockwise atrial flutter (12 times) was more frequently induced with stimulation from the proximal coronary sinus than from the low lateral right atrium (8 vs 1, P = .0001); clockwise atrial flutter (10 times) was induced exclusively from the low lateral right atrium (P = .0001 for low lateral right atrium vs proximal coronary sinus, P = .011 for low lateral right atrium vs high right atrium). Conclusions: Direct induction of either counterclockwise or clockwise atrial flutter was definitively pacing-site dependent; low lateral right atrial pacing induced clockwise, while proximal coronary sinus pacing induced counterclockwise atrial flutter. Anatomic correlation between the flutter circuit and the atrial pacing site may play an important role in the inducibility of counterclockwise or clockwise atrial flutter. 相似文献
38.
Nobuyoshi Kawakita Shuichi Seki Hiroki Sakaguchi Atsushi Yanai Kazuki Nakatani Takao Yamada Takuya Kitada Yasuhiko Sakai Tetsuo Kuroki Kenzo Kobayashi Takeyuki Monna 《Liver international》1994,14(6):295-301
ABSTRACT: The retinoblastoma gene product is a nuclear phosphoprotein that undergoes cell cycle-dependent changes in its phosphorylation status. To analyze the expression of retinoblastoma gene product in the process of liver regeneration and the initiation of hepatocellular carcinoma, we studied immunohistochemically the expression of retinoblastoma gene product and DNA polymerase alpha (DPA) in 33 patients with various liver diseases. Only a few hepatocytes positive for retinoblastoma gene product were found in undamaged, nonregenerating liver tissues, whereas many hepatocytes positive for retinoblastoma gene product were detected in specimens of regenerating liver obtained from patients with acute or chronic liver diseases. Similarities were found between distribution patterns of hepatocytes positive for retinoblastoma gene product and those of hepatocytes positive for DPA, and a highly significant positive correlation was found between the number of hepatocyte nuclei stained for retinoblastoma gene product per 1000 nuclei examined (R-LI) and the number of hepatocyte nuclei stained for DPA per 1000 nuclei examined (D-LI) in tissues obtained from patients with nonmalignant liver disease. Hepatocellular carcinoma cells positive for DPA were detected in the 14 hepatocellular carcinoma specimens tested. In ten of these specimens, hepatocellular carcinoma cells positive for retinoblastoma gene product were found but not in the other four. For all hepatocellular carcinoma specimens, R-LI was proportional to D-LI. Thus in both nonmalignant and malignant liver, retinoblastoma gene product increased in proportion to proliferation of hepatocytes or hepatocellular carcinoma cells. 相似文献
39.
40.
Kenji Nakamura Masayuki Sada Kenzo Setojima Hirofumi Yamamoto Toshiyuki Ueki Masumi Sada 《Journal of hepato-biliary-pancreatic sciences》1997,4(4):449-452
The purpose of this paper is to describe our recent experience in performing laparoscopic cholecystectomies of which we performed 1904, from January 1991 to May 1997, at our private hospital, mainly to treat cholecystolithiasis. The patients included 1563 with gallbladder stones (82.0%), 82 with cholecystocholedocholithiasis (4.3%), 104 with adenomyomatosis (5.5%), 132 with polyps (6.9%), and 23 with gallbladder cancer (1.3%). A difficult pericholecystic dissection led to conversion to open surgery in 61 patients. The average operation time was 63 min. Bile duct injury or cystic artery bleeding occurred in 3 patients with acute cholecystitis, and small intestine injury occurred in 1 patient, while bile leakage or a right subphrenic abscess occurred in 6 patients postoperatively. Although this series included 69 patients with previous upper abdominal surgery, 14 with liver cirrhosis, 267 with a nonvisualized gallbladder, and 148 with acute cholecystitis, the overall conversion rate was only 3.2% and morbidity only 0.5%. Although almost all patients with cholelithiasis are now considered potential candidates for a laparoscopic cholecystectomy, difficulties during cholecystectomy have been encountered in patients with acute cholecystitis. Surgeons should thus be fully prepared to convert to open surgery whenever difficulties are encountered, in order to avoid complication. 相似文献