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41.
Fahim Zaman Atta Nawabi Kenneth D Abreo Gazi B Zibari 《JSLS, Journal of the Society of Laparoendoscopic Surgeons》2005,9(3):262-265
Laparoscopic procedures continue to gain popularity over traditional open procedures for a number of abdominal and pelvic surgeries. With increasing experience, the application of this technique is rising because it provides an alternative, less invasive, approach to various surgical procedures. Herein, we report our experience with adult patients with polycystic kidney disease, requiring bilateral laparoscopic nephrectomy before renal transplantation. 相似文献
42.
Donald B. Penzien PhD ; Frank Andrasik PhD ; Brian M. Freidenberg PhD ; Timothy T. Houle PhD ; Alvin E. Lake III PhD; Gay L. Lipchik PhD ; Kenneth A. Holroyd PhD ; Richard B. Lipton MD ; Douglas C. McCrory MD ; Justin M. Nash PhD ; Robert A. Nicholson PhD ; Scott W. Powers PhD ABPP ; Jeanetta C. Rains PhD ; David A. Wittrock PhD 《Headache》2005,45(S2):S110-S132
Guidelines for design of clinical trials evaluating behavioral headache treatments were developed to facilitate production of quality research evaluating behavioral therapies for management of primary headache disorders. These guidelines were produced by a Workgroup of headache researchers under auspices of the American Headache Society. The guidelines are complementary to and modeled after guidelines for pharmacological trials published by the International Headache Society, but they address methodologic considerations unique to behavioral and other nonpharmacological treatments. Explicit guidelines for evaluating behavioral headache therapies are needed as the optimal methodology for behavioral (and other nonpharmacologic) trials necessarily differs from the preferred methodology for drug trials. In addition, trials comparing and integrating drug and behavioral therapies present methodological challenges not addressed by guidelines for pharmacologic research. These guidelines address patient selection, trial design for behavioral treatments and for comparisons across multiple treatment modalities (eg, behavioral vs pharmacologic), evaluation of results, and research ethics. Although developed specifically for behavioral therapies, the guidelines may apply to the design of clinical trials evaluating many forms of nonpharmacologic therapies for headache. 相似文献
43.
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Kenneth M. Flegel 《Canadian Medical Association journal》2005,173(10):1213-1214
45.
Phospho-akt expression is associated with a favorable outcome in non-small cell lung cancer. 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Amit Shah William A Swain Donna Richardson John Edwards Duncan J Stewart Catherine M Richardson Daniel E B Swinson Dipika Patel J Louise Jones Kenneth J O'Byrne 《Clinical cancer research》2005,11(8):2930-2936
Akt, a Serine/Threonine protein kinase, mediates growth factor-associated cell survival. Constitutive activation of Akt (phosphorylated Akt, P-Akt) has been observed in several human cancers, including lung cancer and may be associated with poor prognosis and chemotherapy and radiotherapy resistance. The clinical relevance of P-Akt in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is not well described. In the present study, we examined 82 surgically resected snap-frozen and paraffin-embedded stage I to IIIA NSCLC samples for P-Akt and Akt by Western blotting and for P-Akt by immunohistochemistry. P-Akt protein levels above the median, measured using reproducible semiquantitative band densitometry, correlated with a favorable outcome (P = 0.007). Multivariate analysis identified P-Akt as a significant independent favorable prognostic factor (P = 0.004). Although associated with a favorable prognosis, high P-Akt levels correlated with high tumor grade (P = 0.02). Adenocarcinomas were associated with low P-Akt levels (P = 0.039). Akt was not associated with either outcome or clinicopathologic variables.Cytoplasmic (CP-Akt) and nuclear (NP-Akt) P-Akt tumor cell staining was detected in 96% and 42% of cases, respectively. Both CP-Akt and NP-Akt correlated with well-differentiated tumors (P = 0.008 and 0.017, respectively). NP-Akt also correlated with nodal metastases (P = 0.022) and squamous histology (P = 0.037).These results suggest P-Akt expression is a favorable prognostic factor in NSCLC. Immunolocalization of P-Akt, however, may be relevant as NP-Akt was associated with nodal metastases, a known poor prognostic feature in this disease. P-Akt may be a potential novel therapeutic target for the management of NSCLC. 相似文献
46.
47.
Cesare M.N. Terracciano David Tweedie Kenneth T. MacLeod 《Pflügers Archiv : European journal of physiology》1997,433(4):540-542
. We have estimated sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium content using rapid application of caffeine on voltage clamped, isolated
guinea-pig ventricular myocytes. Caffeine induces the release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and this calcium
is extruded from the cells by the sarcolemmal Na/Ca exchange. Integrating the inward Na/Ca exchange current thus allows estimations
of sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium content. Ventricular myocytes were stimulated to reach new steady-states by action potential
voltage clamps of varying duration. Once contractile steady-state had been reached caffeine was rapidly applied in place of
the next action potential and sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium content measured. Prolonging the action potential duration increased
sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium content and vice-versa. This calcium loading may underlie the positive inotropic effect of
increased action potential duration.
Received: 11 July 1996 / Received after revision: 15 October 1996 / Accepted: 26 November 1996 相似文献
48.
49.
Eros S. Chaves Robert C. Wood Archie A. Jones Dewey A. Newbold Mary A. Manwell Kenneth S. Kornman 《Journal of clinical periodontology》1993,20(2):139-143
Abstract Bleeding on probing (BOP) and the gingival index have been used to clinically characterize the degree of gingival inflammation. It is, however, unclear to what extent these parameters correlate to each other and to probing pocket depth (PD). The purpose of this clinical study was to evaluate the association between BOP and GI bleeding (scores of 2 and 3), as well as the relationship of these variables to PD, in a group of patients presenting with naturally-occurring gingivitis. Based on screening examinations of 125 subjects with at least 20 teeth, no more than 4 sites with PD over 6 mm, a BOP frequency of 30% or greater, and no systemic condition that would influence the inflammatory response, were selected. 2 weeks after screening they were examined at 6 sites per tooth for plaque index, GI, PD and BOP. A standardized pressure sensitive probe (Florida Probe) with 20 g probing force was used for BOP and PD measurements. In this population, means of 40.9% (S.E.= 1.36) BOP sites and 35.3% (S.E, = 1.81) GI bleeding sites per patient were found. A total of 20,008 sites ranging in PD up to 5.9 mm were evaluated; however, the majority of sites (19,723, 98.6%) presented with <4 mm PD. When sites were evaluated, BOP demonstrated a positive correlation with PD, whereas GI bleeding correlated with PH. For sites characterized by the absence of BOP as well as the absence of GI bleeding (scores 0 and 1), the highest % of agreement between the 2 indices (77.7%) was found in shallow sites (0.1–2 mm). In contrast, when sites presenting with both BOP and GI bleeding were analyzed, the highest % of agreement (85,4%) was found for sites with PD >4.0 mm. In this gingivitis population group, it appears that BOP and GI bleeding evaluate distinct inflammatory1 conditions of the gingival tissues, and the relationship between the 2 clinical parameters may vary according to PD at the individual site examined. 相似文献
50.