全文获取类型
收费全文 | 13353篇 |
免费 | 665篇 |
国内免费 | 80篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 241篇 |
儿科学 | 174篇 |
妇产科学 | 165篇 |
基础医学 | 1512篇 |
口腔科学 | 445篇 |
临床医学 | 820篇 |
内科学 | 3059篇 |
皮肤病学 | 194篇 |
神经病学 | 1081篇 |
特种医学 | 821篇 |
外科学 | 2512篇 |
综合类 | 58篇 |
预防医学 | 316篇 |
眼科学 | 271篇 |
药学 | 876篇 |
中国医学 | 21篇 |
肿瘤学 | 1532篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 76篇 |
2022年 | 160篇 |
2021年 | 274篇 |
2020年 | 175篇 |
2019年 | 275篇 |
2018年 | 299篇 |
2017年 | 209篇 |
2016年 | 280篇 |
2015年 | 236篇 |
2014年 | 360篇 |
2013年 | 402篇 |
2012年 | 635篇 |
2011年 | 662篇 |
2010年 | 369篇 |
2009年 | 318篇 |
2008年 | 603篇 |
2007年 | 592篇 |
2006年 | 662篇 |
2005年 | 602篇 |
2004年 | 555篇 |
2003年 | 494篇 |
2002年 | 569篇 |
2001年 | 463篇 |
2000年 | 477篇 |
1999年 | 454篇 |
1998年 | 198篇 |
1997年 | 149篇 |
1996年 | 123篇 |
1995年 | 123篇 |
1994年 | 109篇 |
1993年 | 87篇 |
1992年 | 297篇 |
1991年 | 273篇 |
1990年 | 286篇 |
1989年 | 297篇 |
1988年 | 244篇 |
1987年 | 253篇 |
1986年 | 229篇 |
1985年 | 203篇 |
1984年 | 136篇 |
1983年 | 95篇 |
1982年 | 47篇 |
1981年 | 55篇 |
1979年 | 77篇 |
1978年 | 57篇 |
1977年 | 48篇 |
1972年 | 47篇 |
1971年 | 48篇 |
1970年 | 46篇 |
1969年 | 53篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 10 毫秒
81.
Primates are able to track a moving target with their eyes, even when the target is seen against a stationary textured background. In this situation, the tracking eye movement induces motion of the background images on the retina (reafference) that competes with the motion of the target's retinal image, potentially disrupting the tracking of the target. Previous work on humans reported that brief perturbations of the background in the opposite direction to pursuit were much less disruptive than perturbations in the same direction as pursuit. Furthermore, if the background moved together with the pursuit target--so as to effectively eliminate the reafference--then the effects of a subsequent background perturbation showed less dependence on direction. This suggested that the direction selectivity to background perturbations during pursuit against a stationary background was due, at least in part, to the prior motion of the background secondary to the pursuit. We now report similar findings in monkeys, and in addition, have investigated the effect of moving the background while the animal was fixating a stationary target. In this situation, the ocular tracking responses to subsequent brief perturbations of the moving background were weaker when the perturbations were in the same direction as the prior background motion than when in the opposite direction. This suggests that the selective insensitivity to the reafferent visual input associated with pursuit across a stationary background is, at least in part, independent of pursuit per se and attributable to a progressive reduction in the sensitivity to sustained background motion. 相似文献
82.
Yuya Yamashita Tetsuo Tsuda Hiroyasu Ishida Akihiko Uchikawa Yasuhisa Kuriyama 《Macromolecular chemistry and physics.》1968,113(1):139-146
The copolymerization behavior of β-propiolactone (PL) and α.α-bischloromethyl β-propiolactone (α-BCPL) is correlated with the mode of fission. With sodium acetate as catalyst, the formation of β-acetoxy propionic acid at the initiation reaction was observed and α-BCPL was more than five times as reactive as PL in copolymerization. Thus propagation by carboxylate anion through alkyl-oxygen fission was presumed in the case of pyridine and the acetate of Na, Li, and Mg as catalyst. On the other hand, the formation of ethyl β-hydroxy propionate and the decreased reactivity of α-BCPL in copolymerization was observed with magnesium and aluminum ethoxide as catalyst. In the case of the ethoxide of Na, Li, and Al, and Et2Mg or Et3Al as catalyst, propagation by alkoxide anions through acyl-oxygen fission of the coordinated lactones was presumed. 相似文献
83.
Shouji Iwatsuki Hideo Kasahara Yuya Yamashita 《Macromolecular chemistry and physics.》1967,104(1):254-262
RANEY metals (Ni, Fe, Co), URUSHIBARA metals (Ni, Co) and ULIMANN cu initiate the polymerization of methylmethacrylate. Diamines, diols or organic halides enhance their reactivity. In the presence of CCl4, the polymerization rate (Rp) is proportional to the square root of the amount of both metals and CCl4, and to the first power of the monomer concentration, but Rp becomes constant and independent of the concentration of CCl4 when there is a great excess of CCl4. We concluded that this polymerization follows the free radical mechanism and the participation of a zero-valent metal atom in the initiation reaction including complex formation between metal and CCL4 is suggested. 相似文献
84.
Tokuhiro Ishihara Yoshimi Yamashita Yoshiko Okuzono Tadaaki Yokota Mutsuo Takahashi Toshiaki Kamei Fumiya Uchino Noboru Matsumoto Shiro Miwa Hisaichi Fuji Takeshi Kozaki 《Ultrastructural pathology》1985,8(1):13-23
By light and electron microscopy, we observed foamy cells in the spleens from a patient with hemolytic anemia due to red cell adenosine deaminase (ADA) overproduction, a patient with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treated with gold, and patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)
The foamy cells associated with red cell ADA overproduction were essentially similar to Gaucher-like cells described in patients with thalassemia, and it was suggested that the accelerated destruction of red cells was one of the factors responsible for the development of foamy cells. Foamy cells in ITP and RA were closely associated with an increased destruction of platelets in the spleen. Morphologic transitions between phagocytosed platelets and myelinlike materials were traced in these disorders. In RA, however, foamy cells were heterogeneous from an ultrastructural standpoint, with different cytoplasmic inclusions. In addition to myelinlike materials, dense bodies, vacuoles with flocculent materials, and gold were noted in most of foamy cells. As gold compounds are known to inhibit lysosomal enzymes, we surmise that an acquired disturbance in lysosomal digestion is partially responsible for the accumulation of intermediate metabolites.
In the pathogenesis of foamy cells associated with blood cell dyscrasia, the accelerated destruction of blood cells and/or acquired disorders in catabolic pathways within the macrophages are suggested to be the underlying mechanism of an intralysosomal accumulation of incompletely degraded cellular debris. 相似文献
The foamy cells associated with red cell ADA overproduction were essentially similar to Gaucher-like cells described in patients with thalassemia, and it was suggested that the accelerated destruction of red cells was one of the factors responsible for the development of foamy cells. Foamy cells in ITP and RA were closely associated with an increased destruction of platelets in the spleen. Morphologic transitions between phagocytosed platelets and myelinlike materials were traced in these disorders. In RA, however, foamy cells were heterogeneous from an ultrastructural standpoint, with different cytoplasmic inclusions. In addition to myelinlike materials, dense bodies, vacuoles with flocculent materials, and gold were noted in most of foamy cells. As gold compounds are known to inhibit lysosomal enzymes, we surmise that an acquired disturbance in lysosomal digestion is partially responsible for the accumulation of intermediate metabolites.
In the pathogenesis of foamy cells associated with blood cell dyscrasia, the accelerated destruction of blood cells and/or acquired disorders in catabolic pathways within the macrophages are suggested to be the underlying mechanism of an intralysosomal accumulation of incompletely degraded cellular debris. 相似文献
85.
Tadaaki Yokota Yoshimi Yamashita Yoshiko Okuzono Mutsuo Takahashi Shigeyoshi Fujihara Shin'ichiro Akizuki Tokuhiro Ishihara Fumiya Uchino Takako Iwata 《Pathology international》1984,34(3):663-668
A case of malignant cystosarcoma phyllodes of the prostate is reported in a 45-year-old male. This tumor was composed of benign columnar or squamous cystic folds and sarcomatous stroma including rhabdomyomatous elements. The prostatic origin of the tumor was clearly proved by the unlabeled immunoperoxidase method. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 34: 663–668, 1984. 相似文献
86.
Yamada H Kuroda E Matsumoto S Matsumoto T Yamada T Yamashita U 《Clinical and experimental immunology》2002,128(1):52-58
The regulatory effect of prostaglandin (PG) E2 and a cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor on Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-induced macrophage cytotoxicity in a bladder cancer cell, MBT-2, was studied in vitro. BCG stimulated thioglycollate-elicited murine peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) to induce cytotoxic activity and to produce cytokines such as interferon (IFN)-gamma, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and PGE2. NS398, a specific COX-2 inhibitor, and indomethacin (IM), a COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitor, enhanced viable BCG-induced cytotoxic activity and IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha production of PEC. However, NS398 and IM did not enhance these activities induced by killed BCG. Enhanced cytotoxicity was mediated by increased amounts of IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha. Exogenous PGE2 reduced cytotoxic activity and IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha production of PEC. These results suggest that PGE2 produced by BCG-activated macrophages has a negative regulatory effect on the cytotoxic activity of macrophages. Accordingly, a PG synthesis inhibitor may be a useful agent to enhance BCG-induced antitumour activity of macrophages. 相似文献
87.
88.
Yamashita K Sakamoto A Ohkubo Y Arima M Hatano M Kuroda Y Tokuhisa T 《Molecular immunology》2005,42(5):617-625
Marginal zone (MZ)-B cells participate in very early immune responses and play a pivotal role in the first-line of defense against blood-borne Ags including bacterial LPS. Since splenic B cells from c-fos transgenic (H2-c-fos) mice are hyper-sensitive to LPS stimulation, we examined LPS-sensitivity of MZ-B cells in the spleen of H2-c-fos mice. Here, we show that proliferation of MZ-B cells from H2-c-fos mice stimulated with LPS was larger than that from control mice. Proliferation and IgM production of the H2-c-fos MZ-B cells were also larger than those of splenic follicular (FO)-B cells from the H2-c-fos mice, suggesting that c-fos overexpression augments LPS-sensitivity of MZ-B cells more than that of FO-B cells. Furthermore, the number of MZ-B cells but not that of FO-B cells in the spleen of H2-c-fos mice was two- to three-fold larger than that in control littermates. The number of transitional type II (T2)-B cells in H2-c-fos mice was also larger than that of control littermates. However, the number of transitional type I (T1)-B cells in the spleen of H2-c-fos mice was not larger than that of control mice. Moreover, this c-fos effect on differentiation of MZ-B cells was intrinsic in B cells by the competitive repopulation assay with hematopoietic stem cells of H2-c-fos and control mice. These results suggest that c-fos overexpression in B cells augments differentiation and accumulation of MZ-B cells. 相似文献
89.
Miki Kaneko Toshikazu Uchida Mitsuhiko Moriyama Yasuyuki Arakawa Toshio Shikata Kenichiro Gotoh Satoaki Mima 《Journal of medical virology》1995,47(3):204-208
A pathogenic role of precore-defective mutation in the onset of fulminant hepatitis B has been suggested. However, precore-defective mutants do not always cause fulminant hepatitis B and are not always isolated from affected patients. These findings strongly suggest the presence of some additional important mutations outside the precore region in fulminant hepatitis. In the present investigation an attempt was made to sequence the X open reading frame of hepatitis B virus DNA isolated from seven patients with fulminant hepatitis B and five patients with acute hepatitis B. The latter were used as controls. Since the X open reading frame encodes the X protein and contains the core promoter/enhancer II complex, some critical mutations may enhance or disrupt the replication and expression of hepatitis B virus DNA leading to fulminant hepatitis. A C-to-T substitution was found at nucleotide (nt) 1655, an A-to-T substitution at nt 1764 and a G-to-A substitution at nt 1766 in 4, 5 and 5 patients, respectively, out of the seven with fulminant hepatitis. These substitutions were not recognized in the patients with acute hepatitis. These mutations might change the function of the X protein and core promoter/enhancer II complex. It is suggested, therefore, that these mutations, as well as the precore-defective mutation, may play an important role in the pathogenesis of fulminant hepatitis. © Wiley-Liss, Inc. 相似文献
90.
Tateishi T Nakamura M Ueda M Himeno S Yamashita T Yamauchi T Nishi K Mori K Asonuma K Inomata Y Ando Y 《Rinsho byori. The Japanese journal of clinical pathology》2005,53(9):825-831
Recently nutrition support team (NST) has been established for the purpose of prevention of complications which are caused by nutrition disorders and reduction of the medical expenses. Although physical examinations and blood biochemical data had been used as the indexes evaluating nutritional of patients, they were not suitable for the evaluation for the short-term in-patient. On the contrary, serum albumin (ALB) has been wildly used as a nutritional marker. However, it is impossible to evaluate nutrition state for the short-term in-patient and acute phase disease patient accurately, because the plasma half-life is 21 days and it takes long time to detect the change in nutritional state by its value. Rapid turnover proteins (RTP), whose plasma half-life is shorter, has paid attention to evaluate nutritional state for the short-term in-patients and acute phase disease patients. Although, prognostic inflammatory and nutritional index (PINI) was considered as a useful maker for evaluating inflammatory and nutritional states using the concentrations of transthyretin (TTR), a RTP, alpha1-acid glycoprotein (alpha1-AG), a chronic inflammation marker, C reactive protein (CRP), a acute inflammation marker, and ALB, However, it has several pitfalls. We newly made serum amyloid A (SAA) index using SAA instead of CRP. When we compared SAA index with PINI in many diseases, it turned out that SAA index became a more effective index which reflected the patient condition than did PINI. As for this index, it is expected to be used by NST while further alternation may be needed. 相似文献