全文获取类型
收费全文 | 14806篇 |
免费 | 762篇 |
国内免费 | 93篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 117篇 |
儿科学 | 200篇 |
妇产科学 | 211篇 |
基础医学 | 1997篇 |
口腔科学 | 583篇 |
临床医学 | 1072篇 |
内科学 | 3554篇 |
皮肤病学 | 254篇 |
神经病学 | 1048篇 |
特种医学 | 833篇 |
外科学 | 2457篇 |
综合类 | 72篇 |
预防医学 | 474篇 |
眼科学 | 250篇 |
药学 | 882篇 |
中国医学 | 12篇 |
肿瘤学 | 1645篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 90篇 |
2022年 | 198篇 |
2021年 | 330篇 |
2020年 | 151篇 |
2019年 | 218篇 |
2018年 | 298篇 |
2017年 | 226篇 |
2016年 | 305篇 |
2015年 | 283篇 |
2014年 | 362篇 |
2013年 | 396篇 |
2012年 | 700篇 |
2011年 | 774篇 |
2010年 | 407篇 |
2009年 | 361篇 |
2008年 | 645篇 |
2007年 | 632篇 |
2006年 | 694篇 |
2005年 | 690篇 |
2004年 | 701篇 |
2003年 | 689篇 |
2002年 | 732篇 |
2001年 | 445篇 |
2000年 | 478篇 |
1999年 | 482篇 |
1998年 | 203篇 |
1997年 | 168篇 |
1996年 | 153篇 |
1995年 | 103篇 |
1994年 | 129篇 |
1993年 | 136篇 |
1992年 | 339篇 |
1991年 | 323篇 |
1990年 | 287篇 |
1989年 | 276篇 |
1988年 | 290篇 |
1987年 | 255篇 |
1986年 | 232篇 |
1985年 | 212篇 |
1984年 | 160篇 |
1983年 | 102篇 |
1982年 | 57篇 |
1981年 | 55篇 |
1979年 | 124篇 |
1978年 | 66篇 |
1977年 | 62篇 |
1976年 | 58篇 |
1975年 | 63篇 |
1974年 | 59篇 |
1973年 | 54篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
21.
Hidemi Yamauchi MD Kikuo Miyagawa Masamitsu Maeda Seiki Matsuno Toshio Sato 《Surgery today》1986,16(1):8-15
The findings in twenty-two patients with insulinoma were reviewed, as continuous efforts should be made to establish preoperative
localization of the tumor. Superselective arteriography and percutaneous, transhepatic portal vein and pancreatic venous catheterization
are highly recommended approaches. At the time of surgical intervention, a cautious exploration of the pancreas after thorough
mobilization is most important. Recent use of intraoperative ultrasonography increases the likelihood of finding these occult
tumors which locate deeply in the head of the pancreas. Apart from the diagnostic problems, we wish to emphasize the high
incidence of malignancy (7/22, 31.8 per cent) in our series. Althout patients with malignant isulinoma had a much better prognosis
compared to those with a pancreatic ductal malignancy, pancreatic resection with regional lymphnode dissection seems to be
a rational procedure. Enucleation can be done when intraoperative findings of the tumor and regional lymphonode indicate no
malignant features and no multiple lesions. However, at the first operation, enucleation is still a procedure of choice, even
for the malignant insulinoma in the head with a well-defined capsule and no metastatic lesions, the objective being to avoid
a duodenopancreatectomy or total pancreatectomy.
These data were reported at the 30th Congress of Société Internationale de Chirurgie, Hamburg, Germany, 1983 相似文献
22.
Development of MoAb HMSA-2 for melanosomes of human melanoma and its application to immunohistopathologic diagnosis of neoplastic melanocytes 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
To characterize the biologic and molecular nature of melanosomal proteins, we recently developed two mouse monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs), human melanosome-associated antigen (HMSA)-1 and HMSA-2, for melanosomes isolated from human malignant melanoma. This study describes the methods of development for MoAb HMSA-2 and the specificity and distribution of antigen(s) reactive with it in normal and pathological tissues. Characteristically, MoAb HMSA-2 was found to detect neoplastic melanocytes on formalin-fixed and paraffin-processed specimens. The reaction patterns for benign and malignant melanocytic tumors were different, i.e., homogeneous reactivity in the dermal cells of common melanocytic nevi but heterogeneous reactivity in the same type of cells in malignant melanoma. MoAb HMSA-2 reacted positively with the epidermal melanocytes in the lesions of dysplastic melanocytic nevi, but not with those of common melanocytic nevi. Reaction products with MoAb HMSA-2 were localized in the cytoplasm. MoAb HMSA-2 did not react with normal melanocytes even on frozen sections. Benign and malignant epithelial and soft tissue tumors of the skin were usually negatively stained with MoAb HMSA-2. Findings indicate that MoAb HMSA-2 is a unique MoAb which identifies neoplastic melanocytes and which can be useful in differentiating each type of melanocytic tumor. 相似文献
23.
Kunihiro Ichinose Mitsuru Nakamura Kenji Takezawa Ichiro Masutomi Yoichi Shima Yoko Hirayama Kahoko Sorimachi Teruhiko Shimizu Hiroyo Ishikawa Namiko Kaji Sayaka Nakajima Michiko Wataru Shiho Nishigaki Hiroshi Suwa Yosuke Toyama Masaki Okumura Yoshikazu Ishitsuka Ken Shimizu Kazuya Kokubo Kenji Sasaki Shodai Saito 《Seishin shinkeigaku zasshi》2006,108(9):945-954
24.
S Saiki N Meguro T Morita Y Tomooka O Maeda T Kinouchi M Kuroda T Miki M Usami T Kotake 《Nihon Hinyōkika Gakkai zasshi. The japanese journal of urology》1990,81(10):1537-1542
Two hybridomas secreting two monoclonal antibodies IgG1 B1.4 and IgG2a B1.6 were obtained by immunizing BALB/c mice with human bladder cancer cell line EJ-1. In immunohistochemical staining of cryopreserved tissues, B1.4 reacted with 0 of 9 grade 1 TCC, 6 of 11 grade 2, all of 6 grade 3 and five metastatic specimens. The antigen recognized by B1.4 was not expressed by normal urothelial cells but were expressed by vascular endothelial cells and muscle of tunica media. The target antigen of B1.6 was expressed by normal urothelial cells and all grade of TCC. In this study, it was demonstrated that poorly differentiated bladder cancer and metastatic specimens of bladder cancer express a vascular carbohydrate antigen. Taking the escape mechanism of immune surveillance, into consideration, it is possible that the antigen recognized by B1.4 is an indicator of metastatic potential of bladder cancer. 相似文献
25.
A Coagulation Factor IX-Deficient Mouse Model for Human Hemophilia B 总被引:25,自引:10,他引:15
Lin Hui-Feng; Maeda Nobuyo; Smithies Oliver; Straight David L.; Stafford Darrel W. 《Blood》1997,90(10):3962-3966
26.
Kazuya Tamai MD PhD Minoru Yamato MD PhD 《Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery / American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons ... [et al.]》1997,6(6):534
We studied 16 patients (18 shoulders) with frozen shoulders, 8 patients with subacromial impingement syndrome, and 3 healthy volunteers with dynamic magnetic resonance imaging enhanced with gadolinium diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid. After intravenous contrast was administered, gradient-recalled echo images were obtained in the oblique coronal plane every 11 to 13 seconds for a total period of 4 to 5 minutes. The signal intensity was measured at the periphery of the glenohumeral joint and in the subacromial bursa. The coefficient of enhancement (percent signal increase per second) in the frozen shoulders was 1.33±0.43 (mean ± SD) for the glenohumeral joint and 0.89±0.47 for the subacromial bursa. These values were far greater than those in subacromial impingement syndrome or in the control group, indicating increased blood flow to the synovium in the frozen shoulders. No previous reports have shown a clinical measure related to the pathophysiology of this disease. 相似文献
27.
A Shinohara K Fukuda K Maeda F Ogushi S Sone T Ogura S Shinomiya 《Nihon Kyōbu Shikkan Gakkai zasshi》1991,29(9):1211-1215
A 63-year-old female, with a chief complaint of right chest pain was referred to our hospital because of an abnormal right chest wall shadow on chest X-ray. A rib tumor was suspected based on her chest CT scan. Percutaneous needle biopsy yielded a diagnosis of well-differentiated adenocarcinoma. As metastatic rib tumor was suspected, the primary tumor was sought for. A thyroid gland nodule was recognized by ultrasonography, and the cytological diagnosis was class V. Immunohistological demonstration of the thyroglobulin studies of the rib tumor tissue revealed papillary and trabecular patterns of cell arrangement and the presence of thyroglobulin existence. Definitive diagnosis of metastatic rib tumor from thyroid cancer was established. Immunohistological examination is useful to confirm the diagnosis of metastatic cancer of thyroid origin. 相似文献
28.
The etiology and pathophysiology of schizophrenia and related mental disorders such as bipolar disorder and major depression remain largely unclear. Recent advances in mRNA profiling techniques made it possible to perform genome-wide gene expression analysis in a hypothesis-free manner. It was thought that this large-scale data mining approach would reveal unknown molecular cascades involved in mental disorders. Contrary to this initial expectation, however, DNA microarray results in psychiatric fields have been notoriously discordant. Here the authors review the findings of DNA microarray analysis, focusing on systematic gene expression changes in schizophrenia, as well as alterations in the expression of specific genes, that have been reported and replicated. The authors also address the probable causes for the discordance among studies, possible ways to solve the problem, and their preferred approach for data interpretation. 相似文献
29.
Experimental delayed cerebral vasospasm was produced in canine basilar arteries by 2 successive injections, 2 days apart, of fresh autogenous arterial blood into the cisterna magna. When angiographic evidence of delayed vasospasm was confirmed 7 days after the initial intracisternal blood injection, a selective inhibitor of 5-lipoxygenase, 2-(12-hydroxydodeca-5,10-diynyl)-3,5,6-trimethyl-1,4-benzoqu inone (AA-861), was infused intravenously at 6.5 X 10(-4) mg/kg/min for 2 hours. However, angiographic evidence of delayed vasospasm was not reversed, and mean regional cerebral blood flow was not significantly increased. In other studies, oral doses of AA-861 at 100 mg/kg/day were given twice a day for 7 days after the initial intracisternal blood injection. In the treated group, angiographic evidence of delayed vasospasm was significantly reduced, and the contractile property of excised basilar arteries in response to vasoconstrictor agents was significantly improved. It is suggested that leukotrienes, 5-lipoxygenase products of arachidonic acid, might be important etiologic factors responsible for the development of delayed vasospasm and that AA-861 would have a therapeutic effect not on the reduction of delayed vasospasm once developed but on the prevention of the development of delayed vasospasm. 相似文献
30.
K Yamashita K Shigematsu T Maeda Y Ishida M Niwa M Ozaki 《Nihon yakurigaku zasshi. Folia pharmacologica Japonica》1989,93(1):7-15
The antihypertensive effect of bopindolol, a long-acting beta-adrenoceptor blocking agent, was investigated in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP). One group received tap water during the period of 8 to 32 weeks of age. The average dose of bopindolol administered was calculated from water intake to be approximately 1.4 mg/kg/day. The lowering effect in blood pressure of bopindolol was apparent at the age of 14 weeks, and this continued up to the end of the experiment. Bopindolol significantly reduced the heart rate. Plasma levels of urea nitrogen (BUN), triglyceride, and phospholipid of SHRSP treated with bopindolol were lower than those of the control SHRSP. One of the 8 control SHRSP died, and no rats treated with bopindolol died during the experiment. The histopathological study revealed that three of the control SHRSP had cerebral apoplexy, whereas there was no evidence of cerebral apoplexy in the treated SHRSP. Chronic treatment of bopindolol clearly alleviated myocardial fibrosis and hypertrophic changes in the left ventricular wall of the heart. Decreases in the incidence of proliferative arteritis and malignant nephrosclerosis in the kidney and necrotizing arteritis of the mesenteric arteries were observed in SHRSP treated with bopindolol. The data presented indicate that bopindolol is a powerful antihypertensive agent. 相似文献