Fluctuating PEEP (F–PEEP) versus conventional PEEP in dogs with asymmetrical lung injury

Fluctuating PEEP (F-PEEP) is a newly developed PEEP in which end-expiratory pressure (EEP) is periodically changed within a certain range. In a dog model with unilateral lung injury induced by the introduction of hydrochloric acid, F-PEEP in which the EEP was periodically changed from 0.5 to 1.5 kPa at periods of 6 min, and conventional PEEP (C-PEEP) with an optimized EEP of 1.0 kPa, were each applied for 30 min. F-PEEP produced a significantly greater improvement of PaO2 and intrapulmonary shunt (QS/QT) than C-PEEP, and at the low EEP phase, the greatest improvement accompanied by an increased dynamic compliance and a large cardiac output was obtained. These results suggest that F-PEEP provides a useful mode of artificial ventilation for the treatment of unilateral lung injury.     

Effect of ceruletide on microvibration in schizophrenics

Ceruletide, a potent analogue of cholecystokinin, was administered by injection to eight schizophrenics treated with neuroleptics. We examined the dose–response effect on microvibration (MV) recorded from the chin of these patients. After 15 min of bed rest, MV was recorded for 5 min as a control recording. Subsequently, saline or ceruletide, at a dose of either 0.4 m?g/kg or at 0.8 m?g/kg, was injected according to a Latin square design with an interval of 4 weeks for washing out the drug effect and MV was recorded for 30 min. MV data obtained were subjected to the fast Fourier transform and an average power spectrum was computed. A three-way analysis of variance for these data was performed upon dose-effect, time-effect after treatment, and band-effect of the average power spectrum. The present results were similar to previous findings which had revealed effects of ceruletide on tardive dyskinesia symptoms, namely, the effects of ceruletide on MV were different according to the subjects (three cases: facilitation followed by inhibition, three cases: inhibition, two cases: no effects). The dose-response curve of ceruletide appears to be linear in some cases and an inverted U-shape in other cases. Present findings showed small doses of systemically administered ceruletide would modify muscle tonus of schizophrenics under chronic treatment of neuroleptics, and provided further reason for the therapeutic drug of tardive dyskinesia.     

Hypoosmotic swelling test of sperm

For the diagnosis and evaluation of the therapy for male infertility and for predicting the outcome of AIH and IVF-ET, technically simple, replicable tests that can be performed virtually anywhere and that have definite reliability are required. The results of the HOS test correlate well with the functions of the sperm cell membrane, indicating such aspects as motility, and it is thought to be a particularly effective test of human sperm fertility. Because the HOS test reflects the functions and integrity of the sperm cell membrane, it should be possible to use it to predict the potential for fertilization of frozen sperm.     

Availability of 4'galactosyllactose (O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1----4)-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1----4)- D-glucopyranose) in rat

O-beta-D-Galactopyranosyl-(1----4)-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1----4)-D- glucopyranose (designated as 4'GL) is produced from lactose by Cryptococcus laurentii. The influence of chronic ingestion of 4'GL on body weight gain, organ weight, serum lipids, and liver lipids was investigated in rats. The body weight gains of the 5% and 10% 4'GL-diet groups were higher than that of the control group. Food intake and fecal dry weight were significantly increased (p less than 0.05) by 4'GL feeding. The 4'GL diet produced a significant increase (p less than 0.01) in the wet weight and contents of both the cecum and the colon. However, no significant increase was observed in the weight of the stomach, small intestine, liver, or other organs. The effects of 4'GL on serum and liver lipid levels were not observed in this experiment. The digestion of 4'GL was measured in vitro using the artificial gastric juice, alpha-amylase of human saliva, alpha-amylase of hog pancreas, and mucosa of rat intestine. 4'GL was not hydrolyzed by these enzymes. Long-term ingestion of 4'GL did not cause any induction of 4'GL hydrolyzing enzyme activity in the rat small intestine.     

Ruptured congenital aneurysm of the sinus of valsalva in the aged

Ruptured aneurysm of the sinus of Valsalva is a rare cardiac lesion. A ruptured aneurysm of the sinus of Valsalva in the right ventricle of a 64-year-old man was successfully repaired. The patient was admitted to the hospital with high fever and chest oppression. Diagnosis was made by two dimensional echocardiography, cardiac catheterization, and cardiac angiography. An aortotomy, main pulmonary arteriotomy, and right ventriculotomy were performed. There was no VSD, and the aneurysm originated from the right coronary sinus, rupturing into the right ventricle inlet portion. The ruptured aneurysm of the sinus of Valsalva was closed with a Dacron patch from inside the aorta. He is doing well after surgery. There was no heart murmur. CTR decreased and pulmonary blood flow fell to a normal value. As far as we know, this patient is the second oldest patient in Japan with surgical repair.     

A novel method to estimate the contribution of the vapor activity of essential oils in agar diffusion assay.

By the combined use of agar diffusion, agar vapor and agar vapor-inhibitory assays, contribution of the vapor activity of essential oils was quantitatively estimated. The test organisms were Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Aspergillus fumigatus. Agar vapor assay was used to confirm the vapor activity of the oils. The parameter delta defined as a contribution index of the vapor activity was calculated by (1 - b-c/a-c) x 100, where a is inhibitory diameter in the diffusion assay, b is inhibitory diameter in the vapor-inhibitory assay and c is diameter of the sealed ring in the vapor-inhibitory assay (21 mm). Many of the essential oils examined showed a delta value near 100, thus providing the major contribution of the vapor activity to the inhibitory diameter. Essential oils containing aldehyde as major constituent showed low delta value, indicating the major inhibition was due to agar diffusion. Major essential oil components behaved similarly; the delta value was increased in the following order: aldehyde < phenol < alcohol < ester, oxide, hydrocarbon, indicating the enhanced contribution of the vapor activity in that order.     

Effects of Nd:YAG laser irradiation on ventricular myocardium in dogs using an artificial sapphire tip contact laser catheter]

To apply Nd:YAG laser irradiation through a new sapphire tip contact laser method to catheter ablation in treatment of tachy-arrhythmias, effects of laser irradiation on ventricular myocardium were investigated in 10 mongrel dogs. Nd:YAG lase (1064nm) discharges were delivered to different sites on the endomyocardium at power of 5, 10, 15, 20 or 25w with duration of 3, 5, or 10 seconds (sec.) respectively in closed beating hearts. Histopathologically, the lesion irradiated was clearly demarcated from the normal myocardium by the construction band necrosis zone. The depth of injured myocardium was less than 2mm with 3 sec. irradiations, with 5 sec. from 1 mm to 4 mm in proportion to power increase, with 10 sec. from 3mm to 8 mm in proportion to the power from 5w to 15w and could not be measured in cases of more than 20w irradiations. Although with every irradiation duration, the depth of injury increased in proportion to the power increase. With the same total energy, a longer time of irradiation produced deeper injury than a shorter time. This method makes it easier to keep the laser positioned to target than bare laser, and is suitable for use in catheter ablation.