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排序方式: 共有1792条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
91.
Amy K Ferketich Mira L Katz Ross M Kauffman Electra D Paskett Stanley Lemeshow Judith A Westman Steven K Clinton Clara D Bloomfield Mary Ellen Wewers 《The Journal of rural health》2008,24(1):84-90
PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to estimate tobacco use prevalence among the Amish in Holmes County, Ohio, using both self-report and a biochemical marker of nicotine exposure. METHODS: Amish adults (n=134) were interviewed as part of a lifestyle study. Self-reported tobacco use was measured using standardized questions, and cotinine was measured from a saliva sample. The prevalence of smoking, total tobacco use, and misclassification were estimated separately by gender, and then compared to 2 non-Amish groups. One group was selected from 2 counties contained within the Holmes County Amish settlement (n=154) and the other was representative of non-Hispanic whites in the United States (n=4,099). FINDINGS: No Amish women reported current tobacco use and only 2 reported former use. This was significantly different (P<.0001) from the patterns observed among non-Amish in the settlement counties (15.7%) and US white (23.3%) women. The prevalence of tobacco use among Amish men was 17.6% and this was significantly lower than estimates from non-Amish in the settlement counties (38.8%, P=.04) and US white (32.2%, P=.005) men. No Amish women and only 2 Amish men underreported tobacco use and misclassification was similar in the comparison groups. CONCLUSIONS: Tobacco use is significantly lower among adults in the largest Amish settlement in the world compared to their non-Amish neighbors in Appalachia Ohio and US whites. A strength of this study is that self report was verified with a marker of nicotine, a critical measure to include in any study conducted in a group that stigmatizes tobacco use. 相似文献
92.
Phorbol ester-sensitive EL4 murine thymoma cells respond to phorbol 12-
myristate 13-acetate with activation of ERK mitogen-activated protein
kinases, synthesis of interleukin-2, and death, whereas phorbol ester-
resistant variants of this cell line do not exhibit these responses.
Additional aspects of the resistant phenotype were examined, using a
newly-established resistant cell line. Phorbol ester induced morphological
changes, ERK activation, calcium-dependent activation of the c-Jun
N-terminal kinase (JNK), interleukin-2 synthesis, and growth inhibition in
sensitive but not resistant cells. A series of protein kinase C activators
caused membrane translocation of protein kinase C's (PKCs) alpha, eta, and
theta in both cell lines. While PKC eta was expressed at higher levels in
sensitive than in resistant cells, overexpression of PKC eta did not
restore phorbol ester-induced ERK activation to resistant cells. In
sensitive cells, PKC activators had similar effects on cell viability and
ERK activation, but differed in their abilities to induce JNK activation
and interleukin-2 synthesis. PD 098059, an inhibitor of the mitogen
activated protein (MAP)/ERK kinase kinase MEK, partially inhibited ERK
activation and completely blocked phorbol ester-induced cell death in
sensitive cells. Thus MEK and/or ERK activation, but not JNK activation or
interleukin-2 synthesis, appears to be required for phorbol ester-induced
toxicity. Alterations in phorbol ester response pathways, rather than
altered expression of PKC isoforms, appear to confer phorbol ester
resistance to EL4 cells.
相似文献
93.
HM Karaka F Tokoglu M Kacar S Boyacigil 《Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Oncology》1997,41(2):179-180
A 54-year-old man with a unilocular hydatid cyst within the infero-posterior angle of the orbit and a 6-year-old male child with a unilocular hydatid cyst within the supero-medial angle of the orbit are presented. The retrobulbar cysts were diagnosed with computed tomography and ultrasonography and were treated after serologic confirmation. 相似文献
94.
HM Goodyear JC Moore-Gillon EH Price VF Larcher MO Savage CB Wood 《Archives of disease in childhood》1993,69(2):229-231
Childhood tuberculosis is perceived by many as a disease of the past. Experience in a children's hospital serving a deprived population suggested that tuberculosis and other mycobacterial infections were not declining in clinical practice. Fifty three tuberculous and 11 atypical mycobacterial infections were identified between 1978 and 1992. There was no decline in tuberculosis and nine of the 11 atypical infections occurred in the last five years. Altogether 40% of cases of tuberculosis were in non-Asian children; 32% had arrived in the UK or visited family overseas in the previous year; and 38% had a history of tuberculosis contact, usually a close adult relative. Nationally, the previous decline in tuberculosis in all ages has reversed. In the local health districts in London's east end, childhood tuberculosis has also stopped declining and seems to be increasing. It is regrettable that BCG vaccination has been abolished by some districts in the UK, against current recommendations. Childhood tuberculosis is still common in the practice described here, including among children who do not fall into conventionally recognised high risk groups. Inner city dwellers and junior doctors are both highly mobile populations, adding to the risk that paediatricians, particularly those in training, may encounter tuberculosis with little or no previous experience of the condition. 相似文献
95.
This paper explores the role of milk-based formulae in achieving four aspects of nutritional health in infants and toddlers: in the suckling, to mimic the amino acid metabolism and the faecal flora of a breast-fed baby; in the weanling, to achieve adequate protein intakes in later infancy and beyond and to achieve satisfactory haemoglobin concentrations in the early toddler years. Milk-based formulae have two roles in infant nutrition: as so-called breast milk substitutes and as a safety net during the weaning period; the latter role may be the more important. 相似文献
96.
MB Viana M Murao G Ramos HM Oliveira RI de Carvalho M de Bastos EA Colosimo WS Silvestrini 《Archives of disease in childhood》1994,71(4):304-310
One hundred and twenty eight Brazilian children with lymphoblastic leukaemia were intensively treated with a Berlin-Frankfurt-Munich based protocol. More children had a white cell count above 50 x 10(9)/l (31%) then observed in developed countries. After a median follow up of 31 months (11-58 months), the estimated probability of relapse free survival was 41% (7%) for the whole group. After adjustment in the Cox's multivariate model, malnutrition was the most significant adverse factor affecting duration of complete remission. Age above 8 years and high peripheral white cell count were also significant adverse factors. Among the nutritional indices, the height for age and weight for age z scores were both significant, whether the cut off points of z-2 or z = -1.28 were chosen to define malnutrition. A strong statistical association between the two indices was found; the contribution of height for age z score to the prediction of relapse free survival was more significant. Children with height for age z score < -2 had a relapse risk of 8.2 (95% confidence interval 3.1 to 21.9) relative to children with z score > -2. The results of this study suggest that socioeconomic and nutritional factors should be considered in the prognostic evaluation of children with leukaemia in developing countries. 相似文献
97.
Summary: The effect of prophylactic antifungal drugs on oropharyngeal and anterior nares fungal colonization was studied in 20 patients receiving nystatin and 19 patients receiving ketoconazole. Surveillance cultures were obtained weekly for a mean of 27.1 ± 4.8 days in the nystatin group and 44.0 ±6.7 days in the ketoconazole group. Initially, 63.2% of nystatin patients and 77.8% of ketoconazole patients had yeasts in their oropharynx. Neither drug eliminated oropharyngeal yeast colonization; by the end of the first four weeks of surveillance, 66.7% of the nystatin group and 63.6% of the ketoconazole group still had yeasts in the oropharynx. However, both drugs caused a reduction in the quantity of yeasts grown on successive cultures. Filamentous fungi were isolated in baseline cultures in 42.1% of the nystatin patients and 33.3% of the ketoconazole patients. Prophylaxis did not appear to alter carriage of filamentous fungi in the upper airways. Pathogenic filamentous fungi were only rarely isolated, and this rate did not increase with prophylaxis. Resistance to polyene antifungals (nystatin, amphotericin B) or to ketoconazole did not occur as a result of prophylaxis. Zusammenfassung: Untersuchung über die Pilzflora im Oropharynx und im vorderen Nasenraum unter dem Einfluß einer prophylaktischen antimykotischen Behandlung. 20 Patienten erhielten Nystatin und 19 Patienten Ketoconazol. Wöchentliche Kontrollkulturen wurden in der Nystatin-Gruppe über einen durchschnittlichen Zeitraum von 27,1 ± 4,8 Tagen und in der Ketoconazol-Gruppe über 44,0 ± 6,7 Tage durchgeführt. Zu Beginn der Untersuchung hatten 63,2% der Nystatin-Patienten und 77,8% der Ketoconazol-Patienten Hefen im Oropharynx. Keines der beiden Antimykotika eliminierte die oropharyngeale Hefebesiedlung. Nach 4wöchiger Beobachtung wurden Hefen in der Nystatin-Gruppe bei 76,7% und in der Ketoconazol-Gruppe bei 63,6% im Oropharynx festgestellt. Durch beide Antimykotika wurde jedoch eine Verringerung der kulturell nachweisbaren Hefemengen hervorgerufen. Schimmelpilze fanden sich zu Beginn der Untersuchung bei 42,1% der Nystatin-Patienten und bei 33,3% der Ketoconazol-Patienten. Unter der prophylaktischen Behandlung war keine Verringerung des Vorkommens derartiger Pilze in den oberen Luftwegen feststellbar. Pathogene Schimmelpilze wurden nur sehr selten isoliert und das Vorkommen dieser Pilze stieg unter der prophylaktischen Behandlung nicht an. Eine Resistenz gegenüber Polyen-Antimykotika (Nystatin, Amphotericin B) oder Ketoconazol trat unter der prophylaktischen Behandlung nicht auf. 相似文献
98.
Septic arthritis in the elderly 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
The clinical and microbiologic features of septic arthritis in 23 elderly patients are reviewed. Fifteen patients had pre-existing joint diseases, predominantly osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Eight patients had underlying systemic illnesses, and eight patients were receiving systemic corticosteroid therapy prior to the development of septic arthritis. The knee was the joint most commonly infected. Although Staphylococcus aureus was the major pathogen (52.2 per cent of patients), enteric gram-negative bacilli were found in seven of 23 patients (30.4 per cent). Five patients died (21.7 per cent mortality), two as a result of their infection and three of nosocomial Pseudomonas sepsis. Eight of the 18 survivors (44.4 per cent) developed osteomyelitis in the contiguous bone. Return of joint function was slow in all patients. Septic arthritis in the elderly is difficult to treat and has a poor outcome, possibly because pre-existing joint disease is very common and enteric gram-negative bacilli are often the causative organisms. 相似文献
99.
HPLC测定益肤霜中红霉素和地塞米松的含量 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
采用HPLC测定益肤霜中红霉素和地塞米松的含量,控制制剂的质量。色谱条件:固定相为Kromasil C18柱;流动相为乙腈-0.2mol/L醋酸铵-水,流速0.8ml/min;检测波长215nm。以c对峰面积A作直线回归,红霉素在1.5-24g/L地塞米松在20-300mg/L的范围内,其浓度与峰面积呈直线关系。红霉素回收率为99.69%;地塞米松的回收率为100.28%。本法操作简便,结果准确, 相似文献
100.