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排序方式: 共有1016条查询结果,搜索用时 187 毫秒
991.
Prevention of acquired transient defect in platelet plug formation by infused prostacyclin 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
Cardiopulmonary bypass in baboons produced transient severe platelet dysfunction (bleeding times prolonged to 27.8 +/- 1.4 min compared with 3.9 +/- 0.7 baseline) that was associated with a parallel release of platelet alpha-granule proteins into plasma (platelet factor 4 and beta- thromboglobulin levels of 28.8 +/- 9.3 and 20.0 +/- 1.8 ng/ml, respectively) and their clearance into urine with a reciprocal depletion from circulating platelets. In contrast, platelet-dense granules did not undergo significant release. The bleeding times normalized rapidly following bypass (8.5 +/- 1.4 min at 1 hr). The infusion of prostacyclin (PGI2) into the bubble oxygenator during bypass (40--80 ng/kg/min) prevented the prolongation in bleeding time (p less than 0.01 compared with untreated control values) but did not block the release of alpha-granule proteins. Dosages outside this range were associated with prolonged bleeding times. These results show that transient platelet dysfunction occurring during cardiopulmonary bypass represents activation of platelets independent of alpha or dense granule release and is blocked by potent short-acting inhibition of platelet function using PGI2 infused into the oxygenator apparatus at optimal therapeutic doses. 相似文献
992.
993.
Systemic non‐biological agents (NBAs) have been extensively used for immunosuppression in clinical medicine, often with considerable efficacy, although sometimes accompanied with adverse effects as with all medicines. With the advent of biological agents, all of which currently are restricted to systemic use, there is a rising need to identify which agents have the better therapeutic ratio. The NBAs include a range of agents, most especially the corticosteroids (corticosteroids). This article reviews the purine synthesis inhibitors (azathioprine and mycophenolate), which are currently the most commonly used systemically immunosuppressive agents in the management of orofacial mucocutaneous diseases. Subsequent articles discuss other corticosteroid‐sparing agents used in the management of orofacial disease, such as calcineurin inhibitors, and the cytotoxic and other immunomodulatory agents. 相似文献
994.
995.
Sabina AR. Barbur Christopher M. Jordan Morgan EA. Bailey Christopher M. Jack 《Orthopaedics and Trauma》2018,32(2):66-70
Pelvic ring injuries are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the polytrauma patient. Mortality rates from pelvic ring injuries have declined, unrelated to injury severity. This is due to an improved understanding of trauma as a disease, initial and subsequent management options. There are a number of guidelines pertaining to these injuries. These have been brought together to provide an overview of the current guidance on the emergent management of these complex injuries. The foundations of treatment for these injuries includes the following: recognition of the high energy involved, rapid assessment, resuscitation and temporary stabilization of bony and soft tissue injuries. It is important to involve a multidisciplinary team prior to definitive management. By following the guidance set out by this article, the orthopaedic trauma team in the receiving hospital can optimize the patient and prepare them for transfer to the regional major trauma centre. This will improve patient morbidity and mortality and ensure standardization of pelvic trauma management in the first 24 hours. 相似文献
996.
Prevalence of caries and salivary levels of mutans streptococci in 5-year-old children in relation to duration of breast feeding 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
S Alaluusua S Myll?rniemi M Kallio L Salmenper? V M Tainio 《Scandinavian journal of dental research》1990,98(3):193-196
144 children with a known breast feeding history were studied for their caries prevalence and level of salivary mutans streptococci. 19% of the children were exclusively breast-fed for more than 9 months and 38% of the children were weaned after the age of 12 months (max. 34 months). The results of the study showed an equal caries prevalence at the age of 5 among children with a longer or shorter period of exclusive breast-feeding (chi 2 = 3.68, 9 df, NS). Exclusive breast-feeding also did not affect the levels of salivary mutans streptococci (chi 2 = 4.87, 9 df, NS). Children who were weaned late did not differ from those who were weaned early with respect to caries experience (chi 2 = 6.12, 9 df, NS), level of salivary mutans streptococci (chi 2 = 5.49, 9 df, NS) or presence of mutans streptococci (chi 2 = 1.53, 4 df, NS). On the basis of our sample we concluded that breast feeding alone cannot be connected with an increased or lowered caries prevalence. 相似文献
997.
The purpose of this study was to determine the marginal fracture of different amalgams, using a semiclinical method which facilitates standardization and minimizes the observation time, in 10 patients receiving complete dentures. Cavities were cut occlusally in acrylic premolars and molars. The margin was then beveled to 45 degrees with a cone-shaped diamond. Two dispersion-strengthened amalgams and one conventional amalgam were used in each mouth. The cavities of each quadrant were filled with the same amalgam. Thus, conventional amalgam fillings were always placed in opposing quadrants to those filled with a dispersion-strengthened amalgam. The degree of marginal fracture was evaluated from the prints (magnification X 5-7) by five dentists separately and blindly. After 6 months' service, severe marginal fracturing was frequently seen. 相似文献
998.
Kallio P Salmivesi S Kainulainen H Paassilta M Korppi M 《Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992)》2011,100(10):1350-1353
Aim: To evaluate the prevalence of parent‐reported food allergies requiring avoidance diet at early school age. Methods: The school health nurses interviewed, by using a structured questionnaire on the required diet at school, the parents of all the 1542 children starting elementary school in a Finnish town with 210 000 inhabitants. Results: An allergy to basic foods was found in 41 (2.7%) children: 1.5% to milk, 1.1% to eggs and 1.0% to grains. An allergy to nuts was present in 3.1% and to fruits and vegetables in 5.8%, both with known cross‐sensitization to pollens. In all, 9.2% of the children reported some allergy. Milk, egg and grain allergies were associated with soy, nut and spice allergies. Conclusion: Over 2% of the 1542 Finnish first‐graders reported allergies to basic foods (milk, eggs or grains) requiring special avoidance diets at school. The figure suggests that avoidance diets started in the first years of life still unnecessarily continued. 相似文献
999.
JL Steiner JM Davis JL McClellan RT Enos JA Carson R Fayad M Nagarkatti PS Nagarkatti D Altomare KE Creek EA Murphy 《Cancer biology & therapy》2014,15(11):1456-1467
Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer related death in women. Quercetin is a flavonol shown to have anti-carcinogenic actions. However, few studies have investigated the dose-dependent effects of quercetin on tumorigenesis and none have used the C3(1)/SV40 Tag breast cancer mouse model. At 4 weeks of age female C3(1)/SV40 Tag mice were randomized to one of four dietary treatments (n = 15–16/group): control (no quercetin), low-dose quercetin (0.02% diet), moderate-dose quercetin (0.2% diet), or high-dose quercetin (2% diet). Tumor number and volume was assessed twice a week and at sacrifice (20 wks). Results showed an inverted ‘U’ dose-dependent effect of dietary quercetin on tumor number and volume; at sacrifice the moderate dose was most efficacious and reduced tumor number 20% and tumor volume 78% compared to control mice (C3-Con: 9.0 ± 0.9; C3-0.2%: 7.3 ± 0.9) and (C3-Con: 2061.8 ± 977.0 mm3; and C3-0.2%: 462.9 ± 75.9 mm3). Tumor volume at sacrifice was also reduced by the moderate dose compared to the high and low doses (C3-2%: 1163.2 ± 305.9 mm3; C3-0.02%: 1401.5 ± 555.6 mm3), as was tumor number (C3-2%: 10.7 ± 1.3 mm3; C3-0.02%: 8.1 ± 1.1 mm3). Gene expression microarray analysis performed on mammary glands from C3-Con and C3-0.2% mice determined that 31 genes were down-regulated and 9 genes were up-regulated more than 2-fold (P < 0.05) by quercetin treatment. We report the novel finding that there is a distinct dose-dependent effect of quercetin on tumor number and volume in a transgenic mouse model of human breast cancer, which is associated with a specific gene expression signature related to quercetin treatment. 相似文献
1000.
Koivikko ML Tulppo MP Kiviniemi AM Kallio MA Perkiömäki JS Salmela PI Airaksinen KE Huikuri HV 《Diabetes care》2012,35(7):1585-1590