基于颌骨和股骨差异的动物实验中种植体骨结合影响因素

颌骨和股骨是基础研究中常用的构建骨缺损或植入种植体的部位。越来越多的研究指出,颌骨和股骨二者在胚胎发育及生长、组织形态学结构以及骨代谢等方面存在较大差异。文献复习结果表明与股骨相比,颌骨的骨膜内成骨方式可能具有更优的成骨能力,同时其内的干细胞增殖能力更强,成骨分化能力更好;但颌骨组织结构的规律性欠佳,成骨细胞成骨矿化能力稍弱,免疫细胞对细胞因子更敏感,这些可能是导致动物实验中颌骨与股骨种植体骨结合存在差异的原因,但其具体机制尚未阐明。     

紫杉醇诱导周围神经病变的作用机制研究进展及中医辨治探讨

[目的]分析近10年来紫杉醇诱导周围神经病变(paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy,PIPN)的作用机制,简述相关药物研究并进行中医辨治探讨。[方法]以“紫杉醇”“周围神经病变”为关键字,检索Pubmed、中国知网(China National Knowledge Infrastructure,CNKI)、Springer及万方数据库,筛选近10年来的中外文献,选出与主题高度契合的文章,简述PIPN的主要临床表现,PIPN的神经、细胞改变,简析与PIPN相关的炎症氧化过程、细胞信号转导异常、神经递质改变以及相关细胞的核转录异常,同时简述相应的药物研究,并在此基础上探讨中医辨治PIPN的可行性和优越性。[结果]共有133篇文献入选,与本文主题高度契合。PIPN的临床表现主要是双手和双足麻木疼痛、灼热感,病理表现主要为神经纤维变形、神经胶质细胞增多及线粒体功能障碍;诱发免疫应答和氧化应激,导致外周循环中的细胞因子及活性氧增加。紫杉醇主要通过以下方式诱发炎症氧化及相关的神经细胞改变:导致环腺苷酸(cyclic adenosine monophosphate,cAMP)通路、大麻素受体(cannabinoid receptor,CB)、磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶-蛋白激酶B-哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶点(phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-protein kinase B-mammalian target of rapamycin,PI3K-AKT-mTOR)通路、p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(p38 mitogen activated protein kinase,p38MAPK)通路、N-甲基-D-天门冬氨酸(N-methyl-D-aspartate,NMDA)受体、静息电位、瞬时电流、钠离子通道、钾离子通道、钙离子通道、核转录因子-κB(nuclear factor-κB,NF-κB)及核因子红细胞2相关因子2-抗氧化反应元件(nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2-antioxidant response element,Nrf2-ARE)通路等信号通路的转导异常;影响神经递质γ-氨基丁酸、神经生长因子、饥饿素、雌激素的浓度。针对上述机制,相关的药物研究主要集中在阿片类药物、抗惊厥药物、抗氧化剂及相应的信号通道抑制剂上。从中医角度来说,PIPN属于“痹症”“不仁”范畴,其病因病机为正气虚衰,加之外邪侵袭,使皮毛肌肉经络失于濡养和(或)气血运行受阻,治疗应以温阳通经、益气活血为大法。[结论]紫杉醇通过多种生化过程引起PIPN,本研究为西药靶向治疗PIPN提供理论依据,也为中医药辨治PIPN提供理论证明。     

基于肠道微生物的肿瘤发生机制及其治疗策略

肠道微生物是存在于人体内的庞大生态系统,它与机体形成一个相互关联的共存体。近年来得益于分子生物技术的蓬勃发展,肠道微生物组学研究表明,肠道微生物在很大程度上左右了肿瘤的发生与发展,除了微生物本身的直接作用之外,由它们引起的宿主炎症免疫系统、代谢功能方面的改变也间接发挥了重要作用,而这些变化对于后续抗肿瘤治疗也产生一定影响。基于肠道微生物的重要作用,在此基础上开发出来的微生态制剂在抗肿瘤治疗中的临床应用价值也逐渐显现,可为今后的抗肿瘤治疗提供辅助作用。本文从肠道微生物的地位、肠道微生物影响肿瘤发展的机制和对抗肿瘤治疗的影响,以及肠道微生物的临床应用等四个方面展开论述,为基于肠道微生物的抗肿瘤制剂技术的研发和临床应用提供新的思路和启示。     

基于Meta 分析的2 型糖尿病与消化系统癌症相关性研究现状探析

2型糖尿病患者的数量每年都在不断增加,而这其中并发消化系统癌症的患者比例也在不断升高。目前越来越多的研究发现消化系统癌症与2型糖尿病具有一定的联系。本文回顾近十年国内外研究者运用Meta分析,对2型糖尿病与消化系统癌症相关性进行研究的成果,认为2型糖尿病对于消化系统癌症的发生及预后具有一定的负面影响,而其影响程度及作用机制仍需通过多种方法进一步深入研究。     

经乙状窦后进路切除跨颅中后窝巨大胆脂瘤

目的：介绍手术切除跨颅中后窝生长巨大胆脂瘤的体会和注意事项。方法：采用乙状窦后进路显微外科方法治疗７例跨颅中后窝巨大胆脂瘤。结果：随访５个月～３年，７例术侧症状均消失，未见肿瘤复发征象。结论：表明乙状窦后进路可一期全部切除跨颅中后窝巨大胆脂瘤。     

Behavioural,cognitive and emotional responses to SARS: differences between college students in Beijing and Suzhou

This research was designed to explore the differences in behaviour, cognition and emotion between college students in Beijing and Suzhou, who were under different external stresses during the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) prevalence time in China from 22 April to 23 June, 2003. A ‘Psychological responses questionnaire on SARS’ designed by the authors was filled out by subjects. A total of 268 valid cases were collected in Beijing through e‐mails or websites, and 397 valid copies were collected in Suzhou through pencil‐and‐paper tests. The two groups differed in their behaviours, cognitions and emotions. Cognitive and behavioural responses of the Beijing sample changed along with the time and the epidemic situation, and so did the negative emotions of the Suzhou sample. Path analysis of the Beijing sample found support for the mediating effects of the cognition on the relationships of stress and the emotional and behavioural responses, while the results of the Suzhou sample did not. Differences between the two samples are discussed. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

中药浙贝母药用源流及发展概况

浙贝母药用历史悠久,散见于中医历代文献。但由于贝母品类繁杂,其功用主治易于与其他贝母混淆。近现代以来,有关浙贝母的研究层出不穷,对其化学成分、药理作用有了深入了解。文章从正名、中药学特征、植物学性状、近现代化学成分分析、药理作用及临床研究等几个方面对浙贝母进行综述,以梳理其药用源流及发展概况。     

Effects of replacing wheat flour with detoxified ginkgo nut powder on lipid metabolism of obese C57BL/6J male mice

Effects of detoxified ginkgo nut powder (DGP) on lipid metabolism of obese mice were evaluated. Mice were divided into four groups: normal group (NC), hyperlipidaemic group (HC, high-fat feed), HC/DGP group (high-fat diet?+?DGP), and HC/flour group (HC/WF, high-fat diet?+?flour). After 18 weeks, liver and body fat weights of HC/DGP were significantly lower than those of HC and HC/WF, but similar to those of NC. The serum and hepatic levels of serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, leptin and resistin in HC/DGP were similar to those in NC but significantly lower than those in HC and HC/WF. In addition, the expression levels of PPARα (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha) in liver and of hormone-sensitive lipase, adipose triglyceride lipase, and monoacylglycerol lipase in epididymal fat were higher in HC/DGP than in other groups. The results revealed that DGP may reduce inflammation and promote normal lipid metabolism.